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Введение
Моррис Абрахам Коэн (род. Мошек Абрам Мячин; 3 августа 1887 – 7 сентября 1970), более известный как Два Пистолета Коэн, был польско-британско-канадским авантюристом еврейского происхождения, ставшим адъютантом Сунь Ятсена и генерал-майором Китайской национальной революционной армии.
Polish born British Canadian adventurer
Morris Abraham Cohen (born Moszek Abram Miączyn; 3 August 1887 – 7 September 1970), better known as Two Gun Cohen, was a Polish born British and Canadian adventurer of Jewish origin who became aide de camp to Sun Yat sen and a major general in the Chinese National Revolutionary Army.
Ранние годы
Коэн родился в ортодоксальной еврейской семье в Раджанове, Конгресс Польши, 3 августа 1887 года. Его отцом был Йозеф Лейб Миальчин, колёсный мастер, а матерью — Шейндель Липшиц. В 1889 году семья эмигрировала в Англию и поселилась в Восточном Лондоне, где Йозеф работал на текстильной фабрике. Они сменили фамилию на более легко произносимую — Коэн, а Абрахам стал называть себя Моррисом и Моише. Коэн любил театры, улицы, рынки, еду и боксерские арены британской столицы больше, чем Еврейскую свободную школу, и в апреле 1900 года был арестован как «лицо, подозреваемое в попытке кражи». Магистрат отправил его в индустриальную школу Хейса — учреждение, основанное, в частности, лордом Ротшильдом, для заботы и обучения беспутных еврейских мальчиков. Он был освобожден в 1905 году, и родители Коэна отправили молодого Морриса в западную Канаду в надежде, что свежий воздух и открытые равнины Нового Света помогут ему исправиться. Коэн первоначально работал на ферме недалеко от Уайтвуда, Саскачеван. Он обрабатывал землю, ухаживал за скотом, научился стрелять из оружия и играть в карты. Он занимался этим год, а затем начал скитаться по западным провинциям, зарабатывая на жизнь как зазывала на карнавалах, игрок, карточный шулер, карманник, сутенер и успешный риелтор. Некоторые его действия привели его в тюрьму, в частности, он был заключен в тюрьму в Виннипеге за сексуальные отношения с девушкой младше шестнадцати лет. Коэн также подружился с некоторыми китайскими эмигрантами, приехавшими работать на Канадскую тихоокеанскую железную дорогу. Ему нравилось общение и еда, и в Саскатуне он пришел на помощь владельцу китайского ресторана, которого ограбили. Обучение Коэна в лондонских переулках пригодилось, и он вырубил вора и выбросил его на улицу.
Cohen was born into an Orthodox Jewish family in Radzanów, Congress Poland, on 3 August 1887. His father was Josef Leib Mialczyn, a wheelwright, and his mother was Sheindel Lipshitz. In 1889 the family emigrated to England and settled in East London, where Josef worked in a textile factory. They changed their family name to the easier to pronounce Cohen, and Abraham went by Morris and Moishe. Cohen loved the theaters, the streets, the markets, the foods and the boxing arenas of the British capital more than he did the Jews' Free School, and in April 1900 he was arrested as "a person suspected of attempting to pick pockets". A magistrate sent him to the Hayes Industrial School, an institution set up by the likes of Lord Rothschild to care for and train wayward Jewish lads. He was released in 1905 and Cohen's parents shipped the young Morris off to western Canada with the hope that the fresh air and open plains of the New World would reform his ways. Cohen initially worked on a farm near Whitewood, Saskatchewan. He tilled the land, tended the livestock and learned to shoot a gun and play cards. He did that for a year, and then started wandering through the Western provinces, making a living as a carnival barker, gambler, card sharp, pickpocket, pimp, and successful real estate broker. Some of his activities landed him in jail, and in particular he was jailed in Winnipeg for sexual relations with a girl who was under the age of sixteen. Cohen also became friendly with some of the Chinese exiles who had come to work on the Canadian Pacific Railways. He loved the camaraderie and the food, and in Saskatoon came to the aid of a Chinese restaurant owner who was being robbed. Cohen's training in the alleyways of London came in handy, and he knocked out the thief and tossed him out into the street. <blockquote>Such an act was unheard of. Few white men ever came to the aid of a Chinese man in early 20th century Canada. As a Jew, though, Cohen felt an affinity for the Chinese underdog. He knew what it was like to be an outsider, someone who society shunned. — Daniel S. Levy, author of Two Gun Cohen: A Biography. It was in pre World War I Edmonton that Cohen commenced his long and varied military career by recruiting members of the Chinese community and training them in drill and musketry on behalf of Dr Sun Yat sen’s representative organization in Canada.
Такое действие было неслыханным. В начале XX века немногие белые люди приходили на помощь китайцу в Канаде. Однако, будучи евреем, Коэн чувствовал близость к китайцам, оказавшимся в неблагоприятном положении. Он знал, каково это — быть изгоем, человеком, которого презирает общество. — Дэниел С. Леви, автор книги «Два пистолета Коэна: биография». В Эдмонтоне, накануне Первой мировой войны, Коэн начал свою долгую и разнообразную военную карьеру, вербуя членов китайской общины и обучая их строевой и стрелковой подготовке от имени представительной организации доктора Сунь Ятсена в Канаде.
Cohen was born into an Orthodox Jewish family in Radzanów, Congress Poland, on 3 August 1887. His father was Josef Leib Mialczyn, a wheelwright, and his mother was Sheindel Lipshitz. In 1889 the family emigrated to England and settled in East London, where Josef worked in a textile factory. They changed their family name to the easier to pronounce Cohen, and Abraham went by Morris and Moishe. Cohen loved the theaters, the streets, the markets, the foods and the boxing arenas of the British capital more than he did the Jews' Free School, and in April 1900 he was arrested as "a person suspected of attempting to pick pockets". A magistrate sent him to the Hayes Industrial School, an institution set up by the likes of Lord Rothschild to care for and train wayward Jewish lads. He was released in 1905 and Cohen's parents shipped the young Morris off to western Canada with the hope that the fresh air and open plains of the New World would reform his ways. Cohen initially worked on a farm near Whitewood, Saskatchewan. He tilled the land, tended the livestock and learned to shoot a gun and play cards. He did that for a year, and then started wandering through the Western provinces, making a living as a carnival barker, gambler, card sharp, pickpocket, pimp, and successful real estate broker. Some of his activities landed him in jail, and in particular he was jailed in Winnipeg for sexual relations with a girl who was under the age of sixteen. Cohen also became friendly with some of the Chinese exiles who had come to work on the Canadian Pacific Railways. He loved the camaraderie and the food, and in Saskatoon came to the aid of a Chinese restaurant owner who was being robbed. Cohen's training in the alleyways of London came in handy, and he knocked out the thief and tossed him out into the street. <blockquote>Such an act was unheard of. Few white men ever came to the aid of a Chinese man in early 20th century Canada. As a Jew, though, Cohen felt an affinity for the Chinese underdog. He knew what it was like to be an outsider, someone who society shunned. — Daniel S. Levy, author of Two Gun Cohen: A Biography. It was in pre World War I Edmonton that Cohen commenced his long and varied military career by recruiting members of the Chinese community and training them in drill and musketry on behalf of Dr Sun Yat sen’s representative organization in Canada.
Фильм
В фильме Фрэнка Капры «Горький чай генерала Йена» (1933) персонаж «Джонса», западный советник генерала, может быть похож на Коэна. Фильм основан на одноименной книге Грейс Заринг Стоун, которая жила в Кантоне в 1920-х годах. В интервью с дочерью Стоун в начале 1990-х годов она сказала, что не уверена, встречались ли её мать и Коэн. Но поскольку западное сообщество в этом городе было относительно замкнутым, она предположила, что Стоун, по крайней мере, могла слышать о Коэне. Фильм «Генерал умер на рассвете» (1936) был вдохновлён Коэном, где Гари Купер сыграл роль ирландско-американского авантюриста в Китае. Канадский фильм «Оружейник» (1983) с Кевином Костнером также был вдохновлён Коэном.
In Frank Capra's The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933), the character of "Jones," a western adviser to the general, may resemble Cohen. The movie was based on a book of the same name by Grace Zaring Stone, who lived in Canton in the 1920s. In an interview with Stone's daughter in the early 1990s, she said that she was not sure if her mother and Cohen's paths crossed. But since the western community in that city was relatively insular, she said that it was quite likely that Stone at least knew of Cohen. The General Died at Dawn (1936) was inspired by Cohen, with Gary Cooper playing the part of an Irish American adventurer in China. The Gunrunner (1983), a Canadian movie with Kevin Costner, was inspired by Cohen.