Сравнивайте с английским: нажмите на абзац — оригинал откроется в окне. Кнопка EN под абзацем показывает его прямо в тексте.
Введение
Самостоятельное обследование яичек (СОЯ) – это процедура, при которой мужчина осматривает свои яички и мошонку на предмет возможных уплотнений или припухлостей. Обычно это проводится дома, стоя перед зеркалом и после теплой ванны или душа. Раннее выявление рака яичек может привести к 5-летней выживаемости в 98%. У мужчин в возрасте от 15 до 40 лет рак яичек является наиболее распространенным видом рака, и ежегодный темп прироста заболеваемости раком яичек за последние 10 лет составляет приблизительно 1% в год. Рак яичек обычно проявляется безболезненным увеличением или уплотнением яичка, либо любым изменением формы или текстуры яичек. СОЯ также показано при наличии определенных факторов риска, таких как семейный анамнез рака яичек. Помимо возможного раннего выявления рака яичек, другие применения СОЯ, не указанные в инструкции, включают выявление непрямых паховых грыж, варикоцеле и инфекций, которые могут поражать яички, например, свинки. Рекомендации различаются: некоторые врачи рекомендуют проводить СОЯ ежемесячно мужчинам в возрасте от 15 до 55 лет. Врачи могут рекомендовать самостоятельное обследование яичек (СОЯ) при наличии следующих факторов риска: Семейный анамнез рака яичек. Многие организации разработали собственные рекомендации относительно проведения самостоятельного обследования яичек, а также обследования яичек врачом в качестве диагностического инструмента. Эти рекомендации представлены в таблице ниже.
Testicular self examination (TSE) is a procedure where a man examines his own testicles and scrotum for possible lumps or swelling. It is usually undertaken at home while standing in front of a mirror and after having a warm bath or shower. which can lead to a 5 year survival rate of 98%. In men aged 15 to 40, testicular cancer is the most common cancer, and the annual rate of increase over the last 10 years in cases of testicular cancer has been shown to be approximately 1% each year. Testicular cancer typically presents with a painless testicular swelling or lump or any change in shape or texture of the testicles. TSE is also indicated if there are certain risk factors present, such as a family history of testicular cancer. Additionally, outside of the possible early detection of testicular cancer, other "off label" uses of TSEs include detection of indirect inguinal hernias, varicocele, and infections that may affect the testicles, such as mumps. Recommendations vary with some physicians recommending the use of monthly TSE for men ages 15 to 55. Practitioners may recommend testicular self exam (TSE) when the following risk factors are present:
Family history of testicular cancer Many organizations have established their own guidelines in regard to the utilization of testicular self examination as well as the use of testicular examination by a medical provider as a diagnostic tool. These guidelines can be found in the table below. {| class="wikitable"
|+ Current Recommendations for Testicular Examination
|
! Organization ! ! Recommendation
|
| US Preventive Services Task Force || Grade D rating, Not recommended to be conducted by clinician nor patient. |
| American Cancer Society || No defined recommendation but state it should be conducted when completing a thorough routine cancer screening. Existing guidelines indicate that TSE is best performed in the standing position. Individuals performing TSE may choose to stand in front of a mirror in order to visualize the scrotum and testicles from various angles. First, the scrotum and testicles may be visually examined for any skin changes or visible swelling. to patients.
Текущие рекомендации по обследованию яичек
Testicular self examination (TSE) is a procedure where a man examines his own testicles and scrotum for possible lumps or swelling. It is usually undertaken at home while standing in front of a mirror and after having a warm bath or shower. which can lead to a 5 year survival rate of 98%. In men aged 15 to 40, testicular cancer is the most common cancer, and the annual rate of increase over the last 10 years in cases of testicular cancer has been shown to be approximately 1% each year. Testicular cancer typically presents with a painless testicular swelling or lump or any change in shape or texture of the testicles. TSE is also indicated if there are certain risk factors present, such as a family history of testicular cancer. Additionally, outside of the possible early detection of testicular cancer, other "off label" uses of TSEs include detection of indirect inguinal hernias, varicocele, and infections that may affect the testicles, such as mumps. Recommendations vary with some physicians recommending the use of monthly TSE for men ages 15 to 55. Practitioners may recommend testicular self exam (TSE) when the following risk factors are present:
Family history of testicular cancer Many organizations have established their own guidelines in regard to the utilization of testicular self examination as well as the use of testicular examination by a medical provider as a diagnostic tool. These guidelines can be found in the table below. {| class="wikitable"
|+ Current Recommendations for Testicular Examination
|
! Organization ! ! Recommendation
|
| US Preventive Services Task Force || Grade D rating, Not recommended to be conducted by clinician nor patient. |
| American Cancer Society || No defined recommendation but state it should be conducted when completing a thorough routine cancer screening. Existing guidelines indicate that TSE is best performed in the standing position. Individuals performing TSE may choose to stand in front of a mirror in order to visualize the scrotum and testicles from various angles. First, the scrotum and testicles may be visually examined for any skin changes or visible swelling. to patients.
| Организация | Рекомендация |
|---|---|
| US Preventive Services Task Force | Оценка D, не рекомендуется проводить ни врачом, ни пациентом. |
| American Cancer Society | Нет четких рекомендаций, но указывается, что обследование следует проводить при выполнении комплексного скрининга на рак. Существующие рекомендации указывают на то, что СОЯ лучше всего проводить в положении стоя. Пациентам, проводящим СОЯ, рекомендуется стоять перед зеркалом, чтобы визуально оценить мошонку и яички с разных сторон. Сначала мошонку и яички следует осмотреть визуально на предмет изменений кожи или видимой припухлости.
Testicular self examination (TSE) is a procedure where a man examines his own testicles and scrotum for possible lumps or swelling. It is usually undertaken at home while standing in front of a mirror and after having a warm bath or shower. which can lead to a 5 year survival rate of 98%. In men aged 15 to 40, testicular cancer is the most common cancer, and the annual rate of increase over the last 10 years in cases of testicular cancer has been shown to be approximately 1% each year. Testicular cancer typically presents with a painless testicular swelling or lump or any change in shape or texture of the testicles. TSE is also indicated if there are certain risk factors present, such as a family history of testicular cancer. Additionally, outside of the possible early detection of testicular cancer, other "off label" uses of TSEs include detection of indirect inguinal hernias, varicocele, and infections that may affect the testicles, such as mumps. Recommendations vary with some physicians recommending the use of monthly TSE for men ages 15 to 55. Practitioners may recommend testicular self exam (TSE) when the following risk factors are present:
Family history of testicular cancer Many organizations have established their own guidelines in regard to the utilization of testicular self examination as well as the use of testicular examination by a medical provider as a diagnostic tool. These guidelines can be found in the table below. {| class="wikitable"
|+ Current Recommendations for Testicular Examination
|
! Organization ! ! Recommendation
|
| US Preventive Services Task Force || Grade D rating, Not recommended to be conducted by clinician nor patient. |
| American Cancer Society || No defined recommendation but state it should be conducted when completing a thorough routine cancer screening. Existing guidelines indicate that TSE is best performed in the standing position. Individuals performing TSE may choose to stand in front of a mirror in order to visualize the scrotum and testicles from various angles. First, the scrotum and testicles may be visually examined for any skin changes or visible swelling. to patients.
Общество и культура
Самообследование яичек практикуется нечасто, отчасти из-за низкой заинтересованности молодых мужчин в заботе о здоровье, что приводит к увеличению смертности и заболеваемости. На это, вероятно, влияет то, что мужчины опасаются общественного осуждения и давления, что затрудняет обращение за медицинской помощью.
Testicular self examination has generally low rates of practice in part because young men have very low rates of health seeking behaviors, leading to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. This is likely influenced by the fact that men face potential perceived societal pressures and judgement, which create obstacles to these patients seeking care.