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Содержание
Введение
Песня, исполняемая на карнавалах
Song played at carnivals
Карнавальный марш-дорога – это музыкальная композиция, которая чаще всего исполняется на "оценочных пунктах" вдоль маршрута парада во время Карибского карнавала. Зародившись как часть карнавала в Тринидаде и Тобаго, этот термин стал применяться и к другим карибским карнавалам. Там он был и остается музыкальным жанром. В Тринидаде и Тобаго титул "Марш-дорога" официально вручается каждый год с 1932 года (за исключением лет, затронутых Второй мировой войной, когда карнавал официально не проводился). Популярные неофициальные марши-дороги также признавались в Т&Т с 1834 года, после отмены рабства. До Второй мировой войны марши-дороги в Т&Т назывались "Леггос" или "Брейкауэйс" среди населения, но карнавальные власти переименовали их в "Марш-дорога" с 1946 года. Оценка основана на системе регистрации и подсчета, разработанной карнавальным комитетом перед началом парада. После того, как немецкая поп-песня "Happy Wanderer" в исполнении Детского хора Обернкирхена выиграла титул "Марш-дорога" Тринидада и Тобаго в 1955 году, правила были изменены, чтобы ограничить песни, претендующие на участие в конкурсе "Марш-дорога", только произведениями, исполняемыми местными артистами Тринидада и Тобаго. Титул "Марш-дорога" является одним из самых престижных на карнавале в Тринидаде. Больше всего таких титулов завоевал покойный лорд Китченер – одиннадцать побед, опередив Супер Блю и Машеля Монтано (по десять побед) и Могучего Воробья – восемь побед. В середине 1970-х годов женщина впервые пробилась в мир калипсо, традиционно доминируемый мужчинами. Calypso Rose стала первой женщиной, официально выигравшей конкурс "Марш-дорога" Тринидада и Тобаго в 1977 году с песней "Give More Tempo". В следующем году, 1978-м, с песней "Come Leh We Jam", Calypso Rose не только снова выиграла титул "Марш-дорога", но и победила в конкурсе "Король калипсо", впервые получив эту награду женщина. В результате конкурс "Король калипсо" был официально переименован в конкурс "Монарх калипсо", чтобы учесть участие и победы женщин. Первые записи калипсо были сделаны в 1912 году, поэтому марши-дороги Тринидада и Тобаго до 1912 года не были записаны в тот год, но могли быть записаны позднее, после того как технология записи стала доступна пионерам калипсо 1910-х – 1930-х годов. В 2019 году Skinny Fabulous из Сент-Винсента и Гренадин вошел в историю, став вторым иностранным артистом (после немецкого Детского хора Обернкирхена) и первым иностранным исполнителем соки, выигравшим престижный титул "Марш-дорога" Тринидада и Тобаго с песней "Famalay", в исполнении Skinny Fabulous, Машеля Монтано и Бунджи Гарлина.
The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the "judging points" along the parade route during a Caribbean Carnival. Originating as part of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, the term has been applied to other Caribbean carnivals. There it was and is still viewed as a musical genre. In Trinidad and Tobago the Road March title has been officially given out every year since 1932 (with the exception of the years affected by World War II when Carnival did not officially take place). Popular Unofficial Road Marches have also been recognized in T&T from since 1834 after slavery was abolished. Prior to World War II, T&T Road Marches were referred to as "Leggos" or "Breakaways" by the general population but were rebranded by the Carnival authorities as the Road March from 1946. Scoring is based upon a register and count system devised by a Carnival committee before the start of the parade. After a German pop song "Happy Wanderer" by the Obernkirchen Children's Choir won the Trinidad & Tobago Road March title in 1955 the rules were amended to restrict songs eligible to be in the road march competition to only songs vocalised by local Trinidad & Tobago artistes. The Road March title is among the most prestigious in Trinidad Carnival. The most such titles have gone to the late Lord Kitchener with eleven wins, ahead of Super Blue with ten wins, Machel Montano also with ten wins and the Mighty Sparrow with eight wins. In the mid 1970s, a woman officially broke through in the male dominated Calypso arena. Calypso Rose was the first female to officially win the Trinidad and Tobago Road March competition in 1977 with her song "Give More Tempo". The following year 1978 with "Come Leh We Jam" in addition to winning the Road March title again, Calypso Rose also won the "Calypso King" competition, the first time a woman had received that award. As a result, the "Calypso King" competition was officially renamed the "Calypso Monarch" competition to take into account that females also take part and have won titles. First Calypso recordings were made in 1912 so Trinidad & Tobago Road Marches prior to 1912 were not recorded that year but may have been recorded years later after recording technology became available to Calypso pioneers of the 1910s to 1930s. In 2019 Skinny Fabulous of St. Vincent & the Grenadines created history by becoming the second foreign artiste (after the German Obernkirchen Children's Choir) and the very first foreign soca artiste to win the prestigious Trinidad & Tobago Road March title with a song called "Famalay" which was vocalised by Skinny Fabulous, Machel Montano and Bunji Garllin.
Гренада
Гренада Карнавал, также известный как Spicemas, был основан в ознаменование годовщины независимости Гренады, Карриаку и Пети-Мартиник, обретенной 7 февраля 1974 года. В 1978 году правительство во главе с Эриком Гейри перенесло карнавал на май, но после свержения этого правительства в марте 1979 года празднование карнавала 1979 года было отменено. В 1980 году новое Народное революционное правительство (НРП) во главе с Морисом Бишопом восстановило Гренадский карнавал, который прошел в мае того же года. После изучения осуществимости Гренадский карнавал был перенесен на август следующего года. Таким образом, ежегодно с 1981 года карнавал Гренады проводится в августе, кульминацией которого является конкурс "Дорожный марш".
Grenada Carnival, also known as Spicemas, was founded to celebrate the anniversary of the independence of Grenada, Carriacou, and Petit Martinique, which gained their independence on 7 February 1974. In 1978 Grenada Carnival was moved to the month of May by the Eric Gairy led government but after that government was overthrown in March 1979, the 1979 Carnival celebration was cancelled. In 1980 the new People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) led by Maurice Bishop brought back Grenada Carnival, which was held in May that year. After a feasibility study Grenada Carnival was moved to August the following year. Hence annually from 1981 Grenada's Carnival has been held in August culminating with their Road March competition. YearPerformerSongAlbum / Notes2023Temptress / Rabulous (TIE)"Toot Toot" / Farmer2022Jab King"High"2021No Spice MasCOVID 192020No Spice MasCOVID 192019Runi J"Diagnosis"2018Lil Natty & Thunda"Get In Your Section"2017Lil Natty & Thunda"Top Striker"2016Lil Natty & Thunda"Take It To Dem"2015Synnah"Jab on Sesame Street"2014Squeeze Head"Turbo Charge"2013Boyzie"Mas Everywhere"2012Boyzie"Born Troublesome"2011Lavaman"So We Dey"2010Otis"Tornado"2009Mr. Killa"Swing It Away"2008Miney"10,000 Masqueraders"2007Berbice"Traffic"2006Soca Banton"Over You Head"2005Boogie B"Clear The Smoke"2004General PP"Never Say Never"2003Super P"Do What You Want"2002Japs"Helicopter"2001Tallpree"Rags Invasion"2000Tallpree"Grave, Jail, Hospital"1999Sheldon Douglas"Find Something"1998Sheldon Douglas"Stamp Up"1997 Tangler"Chala Baiti"1996Tangler"Bouncing Low"1995Inspector"Madness"1994Inspector"Sweeter Than Home"1993Flying Cloud"Way You Man"1992Flying Cloud"Raise You Hand"1991Moss International"Jambalesse Rule"1990Ajamu"Open Up"1989Skylark"Simple Policeman"1988Black Wizard"Soca Feeling"1987Squeezy"To Cork Ah Hole"1986Inspector"No Kicks"1985Inspector"Dance"1984Flying Turkey"Byron"1983African Teller"You Cock Ain’t Dey"1982Snakey Boy"Charmaine Darling"1981Timpo"We Want We Carnival"
Год Исполнитель Песня Альбом / Примечания
2023 Temptress / Rabulous (TIE) "Toot Toot" / Farmer
2022 Jab King "High"
2021 No Spice Mas COVID 19
2020 No Spice Mas COVID 19
2019 Runi J "Diagnosis"
2018 Lil Natty & Thunda "Get In Your Section"
2017 Lil Natty & Thunda "Top Striker"
2016 Lil Natty & Thunda "Take It To Dem"
2015 Synnah "Jab on Sesame Street"
2014 Squeeze Head "Turbo Charge"
2013 Boyzie "Mas Everywhere"
2012 Boyzie "Born Troublesome"
2011 Lavaman "So We Dey"
2010 Otis "Tornado"
2009 Mr. Killa "Swing It Away"
2008 Miney "10,000 Masqueraders"
2007 Berbice "Traffic"
2006 Soca Banton "Over You Head"
2005 Boogie B "Clear The Smoke"
2004 General PP "Never Say Never"
2003 Super P "Do What You Want"
2002 Japs "Helicopter"
2001 Tallpree "Rags Invasion"
2000 Tallpree "Grave, Jail, Hospital"
1999 Sheldon Douglas "Find Something"
1998 Sheldon Douglas "Stamp Up"
1997 Tangler "Chala Baiti"
1996 Tangler "Bouncing Low"
1995 Inspector "Madness"
1994 Inspector "Sweeter Than Home"
1993 Flying Cloud "Way You Man"
1992 Flying Cloud "Raise You Hand"
1991 Moss International "Jambalesse Rule"
1990 Ajamu "Open Up"
1989 Skylark "Simple Policeman"
1988 Black Wizard "Soca Feeling"
1987 Squeezy "To Cork Ah Hole"
1986 Inspector "No Kicks"
1985 Inspector "Dance"
1984 Flying Turkey "Byron"
1983 African Teller "You Cock Ain’t Dey"
1982 Snakey Boy "Charmaine Darling"
1981 Timpo "We Want We Carnival"
Grenada Carnival, also known as Spicemas, was founded to celebrate the anniversary of the independence of Grenada, Carriacou, and Petit Martinique, which gained their independence on 7 February 1974. In 1978 Grenada Carnival was moved to the month of May by the Eric Gairy led government but after that government was overthrown in March 1979, the 1979 Carnival celebration was cancelled. In 1980 the new People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) led by Maurice Bishop brought back Grenada Carnival, which was held in May that year. After a feasibility study Grenada Carnival was moved to August the following year. Hence annually from 1981 Grenada's Carnival has been held in August culminating with their Road March competition. YearPerformerSongAlbum / Notes2023Temptress / Rabulous (TIE)"Toot Toot" / Farmer2022Jab King"High"2021No Spice MasCOVID 192020No Spice MasCOVID 192019Runi J"Diagnosis"2018Lil Natty & Thunda"Get In Your Section"2017Lil Natty & Thunda"Top Striker"2016Lil Natty & Thunda"Take It To Dem"2015Synnah"Jab on Sesame Street"2014Squeeze Head"Turbo Charge"2013Boyzie"Mas Everywhere"2012Boyzie"Born Troublesome"2011Lavaman"So We Dey"2010Otis"Tornado"2009Mr. Killa"Swing It Away"2008Miney"10,000 Masqueraders"2007Berbice"Traffic"2006Soca Banton"Over You Head"2005Boogie B"Clear The Smoke"2004General PP"Never Say Never"2003Super P"Do What You Want"2002Japs"Helicopter"2001Tallpree"Rags Invasion"2000Tallpree"Grave, Jail, Hospital"1999Sheldon Douglas"Find Something"1998Sheldon Douglas"Stamp Up"1997 Tangler"Chala Baiti"1996Tangler"Bouncing Low"1995Inspector"Madness"1994Inspector"Sweeter Than Home"1993Flying Cloud"Way You Man"1992Flying Cloud"Raise You Hand"1991Moss International"Jambalesse Rule"1990Ajamu"Open Up"1989Skylark"Simple Policeman"1988Black Wizard"Soca Feeling"1987Squeezy"To Cork Ah Hole"1986Inspector"No Kicks"1985Inspector"Dance"1984Flying Turkey"Byron"1983African Teller"You Cock Ain’t Dey"1982Snakey Boy"Charmaine Darling"1981Timpo"We Want We Carnival"
Сент-Томас, Виргинские острова США
Jam Band, ранее Eddie and the Movements, выиграли Road March Title рекордные 21 раз. Год Исполнитель Песня Альбом / Примечания2023 Karnage (ранее Poizon Band) "Shake Up"2022 Нет Road March2021 Нет карнавала2020 Нет карнавала2019 Pressure Buss Pipe "Do It & Done" 2018 Spectrum Band "Cyah Mash Up Carnival" 2017 Spectrum Band "My Life" 2016 Spectrum Band "I Don't Care" 2015 Spectrum Band "Left Right Stop Wukup" 2014 [Ничья] Spectrum Band / Volume International XL "Manners" / "Recipe" 2013 Spectrum Band "Wake Up To Wuk Up" 2012 Spectrum Band "V. I. Party" 2011 Spectrum Band "Boom" 2010 Spectrum Band "Kallaloo" 2009 Jam Band "Sickness" 2008 JDPP Jammerz "Bedrock" 2007 JDPP Jammerz "Bunny Train" 2006 Whadablee "Steel Pan Comin Up Deh Road" 2005 Jam Band "How To Take De Road" 2004 Jam Band "Soldiers" 2003 Jam Band "Jockey" 2002 Alwyn Baptiste Jr & Pat Raguette of the Xpress Band "Happy Birthday Carnival" 2001 Jam Band "Tear Down De Roof" 2000 Jam Band "Inspection Lane" 1999 Jam Band "Iron" 1998 Whadablee "This One is for Milo" 1997 Jam Band "Road Runner" 1996 Jam Band "Time For Wuk" 1995 Jam Band "Man Terrible" 1994 Jam Band "Showtime" 1993 Jam Band "Possessed" 1992 Imaginations Brass "All Out Posse" 1991 Jam Band "Let Loose" 1990 Jam Band [ранее Eddie and the Movements] "Horse Chip" 1989 Eddie and the Movements "We Run Things" 1988 Eddie and the Movements "Kool Um Down" 1987 Eddie and the Movements "Legal" 1986 Eddie and the Movements "Lamboushay" 1985 Eddie and the Movements "Pepper" 1984 Eddie and the Movements "Tramping Style" 1983 Mandingo Brass "Traffic Tight" 1982 Mandingo Brass "Off Man Jam" 1981 Eddie and the Movements "Backbone" 1980 Dread Ones "Hey Hey Hey" 1979 Mandingo Brass "Man For She" 1978 [Ничья] Ellie Matt and the G. I. Brass / Mandingo Brass "Shang Shang / Winey Eva Mae"
The Jam Band, formerly Eddie and the Movements has won the Road March Title a record 21 times. YearPerformerSongAlbum / Notes2023Karnage (Formerly Poizon Band)"Shake Up"2022No Road March2021No Carnival2020No Carnival2019Pressure Buss Pipe"Do It & Done" 2018 Spectrum Band "Cyah Mash Up Carnival" 2017 Spectrum Band "My Life" 2016 Spectrum Band "I Don't Care" 2015 Spectrum Band "Left Right Stop Wukup" 2014 [Tie] Spectrum Band / Volume International XL "Manners" / "Recipe" 2013 Spectrum Band "Wake Up To Wuk Up" 2012 Spectrum Band "V. I. Party" 2011 Spectrum Band "Boom" 2010 Spectrum Band "Kallaloo" 2009 Jam Band "Sickness" 2008 JDPP Jammerz "Bedrock" 2007 JDPP Jammerz "Bunny Train" 2006 Whadablee "Steel Pan Comin Up Deh Road" 2005 Jam Band "How To Take De Road" 2004 Jam Band "Soldiers" 2003 Jam Band "Jockey" 2002 Alwyn Baptiste Jr & Pat Raguette of the Xpress Band "Happy Birthday Carnival" 2001 Jam Band "Tear Down De Roof" 2000 Jam Band "Inspection Lane" 1999 Jam Band "Iron" 1998 Whadablee "This One is for Milo" 1997 Jam Band "Road Runner" 1996 Jam Band "Time For Wuk" 1995 Jam Band "Man Terrible" 1994 Jam Band "Showtime" 1993 Jam Band "Possessed" 1992 Imaginations Brass "All Out Posse" 1991 Jam Band "Let Loose" 1990 Jam Band [Formerly Eddie and the Movements] "Horse Chip" 1989 Eddie and the Movements "We Run Things" 1988 Eddie and the Movements "Kool Um Down" 1987 Eddie and the Movements "Legal" 1986 Eddie and the Movements "Lamboushay" 1985 Eddie and the Movements "Pepper" 1984 Eddie and the Movements "Tramping Style" 1983 Mandingo Brass "Traffic Tight" 1982 Mandingo Brass "Off Man Jam" 1981 Eddie and the Movements "Backbone" 1980 Dread Ones "Hey Hey Hey" 1979 Mandingo Brass "Man For She" 1978 [Tie] Ellie Matt and the G. I. Brass / Mandingo Brass "Shang Shang / Winey Eva Mae"