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Введение
Долгосрочная миссия на Международную космическую станцию
Long duration mission to the International Space Station
Экспедиция 8 была восьмой экспедицией к Международной космической станции.
Expedition 8 was the eighth expedition to the International Space Station.
Прогулки в космосе
Экипаж экспедиции 8 совершил первый двухсторонний выход в открытый космос на Международной космической станции. В отличие от предыдущих выходов в космос, выполнявшихся экипажами МКС, внутри станции не находился член экипажа, пока космонавты работали снаружи. Выход в открытый космос осуществлялся из доко-отсека "Пирс"; космонавты были одеты в российские скафандры "Орлан". Операции и техническое обслуживание, что составляет в общей сложности 322 часа 32 минуты. Это был 27-й выход в открытый космос, выполненный с МКС, увеличив общее время до 155 часов 17 минут.
The Expedition 8 crew conducted the first two person spacewalk at the International Space Station. Unlike previous spacewalks conducted by ISS crews, there was not a crewmember inside the Station as the spacewalkers worked outside. The spacewalk was based out of the Pirs docking compartment; the spacewalkers wore Russian Orlan space suits. operations and maintenance, bringing the cumulative total to 322 hours and 32 minutes. It was the 27th based out of the Station, bringing the total to 155 hours and 17 minutes. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 8EVA 1 Michael Foale Alexander Kaleri 26 February 2004 21:17 27 February 2004 01:12 3 hours, 55 minutesThis spacewalk was cut short due a cooling system malfunction in Kaleri's spacesuit. Although the spacewalk ended early, Foale and Kaleri were able to complete a number of their tasks. The first task was the replacement of cassette containers that hold sample materials for an experiment studying the effect of long duration exposure to the microgravity environment. Later, Foale replaced two similar cassettes housed on the outside of the Zvezda Service Module. A Russian experiment named Matryoshka was attached to the outer hull of Zvezda which will provide data on radiation exposure to the human body during space flight. The spacewalkers also removed one of the suitcase sized devices associated with the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's MPAC SEEDS experiment. They relocated a second device. This experiment was studying micro meteor impacts and material exposure in the space environment. This experiment was installed on the ISS by Expedition 3 spacewalkers 15 October 2001. The crew was not able to complete the removal of laser light retroreflector devices from the aft end of Zvezda. The reflectors were being studied as navigation devices for the European Space Agency's Automated Transfer Vehicle, which first flew to the ISS in 2008. Another task not included was work on a materials science experiment called Kromka. This experiment measured the amount of residue emitted from Zvezda's jet thruster firings.
Миссия | Космонавты | Старт (UTC) | Конец (UTC) | Продолжительность
---|---|---|---|---
Экспедиция 8, EVA 1 | Майкл Фоул, Александр Калери | 26 февраля 2004, 21:17 | 27 февраля 2004, 01:12 | 3 часа 55 минут
The Expedition 8 crew conducted the first two person spacewalk at the International Space Station. Unlike previous spacewalks conducted by ISS crews, there was not a crewmember inside the Station as the spacewalkers worked outside. The spacewalk was based out of the Pirs docking compartment; the spacewalkers wore Russian Orlan space suits. operations and maintenance, bringing the cumulative total to 322 hours and 32 minutes. It was the 27th based out of the Station, bringing the total to 155 hours and 17 minutes. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 8EVA 1 Michael Foale Alexander Kaleri 26 February 2004 21:17 27 February 2004 01:12 3 hours, 55 minutesThis spacewalk was cut short due a cooling system malfunction in Kaleri's spacesuit. Although the spacewalk ended early, Foale and Kaleri were able to complete a number of their tasks. The first task was the replacement of cassette containers that hold sample materials for an experiment studying the effect of long duration exposure to the microgravity environment. Later, Foale replaced two similar cassettes housed on the outside of the Zvezda Service Module. A Russian experiment named Matryoshka was attached to the outer hull of Zvezda which will provide data on radiation exposure to the human body during space flight. The spacewalkers also removed one of the suitcase sized devices associated with the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's MPAC SEEDS experiment. They relocated a second device. This experiment was studying micro meteor impacts and material exposure in the space environment. This experiment was installed on the ISS by Expedition 3 spacewalkers 15 October 2001. The crew was not able to complete the removal of laser light retroreflector devices from the aft end of Zvezda. The reflectors were being studied as navigation devices for the European Space Agency's Automated Transfer Vehicle, which first flew to the ISS in 2008. Another task not included was work on a materials science experiment called Kromka. This experiment measured the amount of residue emitted from Zvezda's jet thruster firings.
Этот выход в открытый космос был прерван из-за неисправности системы охлаждения в скафандре Калери. Несмотря на досрочное завершение выхода, Фоул и Калери смогли выполнить ряд задач. Первой задачей была замена кассетных контейнеров, содержащих образцы материалов для эксперимента по изучению влияния длительного пребывания в условиях микрогравитации. Позже Фоул заменил две аналогичные кассеты, расположенные снаружи Сервисного модуля "Звезда". К внешней обшивке "Звезды" был прикреплен российский эксперимент "Матрешка", который предоставит данные о воздействии радиации на организм человека во время космического полета. Космонавты также извлекли одно из устройств размером с чемодан, связанное с экспериментом MPAC SEEDS Японского агентства аэрокосмических исследований, и переместили второе устройство. Этот эксперимент изучал воздействие микрометеоритов и воздействие материалов в космической среде. Этот эксперимент был установлен на МКС экипажем экспедиции 3 15 октября 2001 года. Экипажу не удалось завершить удаление лазерных уголковых отражателей с кормовой части "Звезды". Эти отражатели изучались в качестве навигационных устройств для автоматического транспортного корабля Европейского космического агентства, который впервые прибыл на МКС в 2008 году. Другой задачей, которая не была выполнена, была работа над экспериментом по материаловедению "Кромка". Этот эксперимент измерял количество остатков, образующихся при работе двигателей "Звезды".
The Expedition 8 crew conducted the first two person spacewalk at the International Space Station. Unlike previous spacewalks conducted by ISS crews, there was not a crewmember inside the Station as the spacewalkers worked outside. The spacewalk was based out of the Pirs docking compartment; the spacewalkers wore Russian Orlan space suits. operations and maintenance, bringing the cumulative total to 322 hours and 32 minutes. It was the 27th based out of the Station, bringing the total to 155 hours and 17 minutes. MissionSpacewalkersStart (UTC)End (UTC)DurationExpedition 8EVA 1 Michael Foale Alexander Kaleri 26 February 2004 21:17 27 February 2004 01:12 3 hours, 55 minutesThis spacewalk was cut short due a cooling system malfunction in Kaleri's spacesuit. Although the spacewalk ended early, Foale and Kaleri were able to complete a number of their tasks. The first task was the replacement of cassette containers that hold sample materials for an experiment studying the effect of long duration exposure to the microgravity environment. Later, Foale replaced two similar cassettes housed on the outside of the Zvezda Service Module. A Russian experiment named Matryoshka was attached to the outer hull of Zvezda which will provide data on radiation exposure to the human body during space flight. The spacewalkers also removed one of the suitcase sized devices associated with the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's MPAC SEEDS experiment. They relocated a second device. This experiment was studying micro meteor impacts and material exposure in the space environment. This experiment was installed on the ISS by Expedition 3 spacewalkers 15 October 2001. The crew was not able to complete the removal of laser light retroreflector devices from the aft end of Zvezda. The reflectors were being studied as navigation devices for the European Space Agency's Automated Transfer Vehicle, which first flew to the ISS in 2008. Another task not included was work on a materials science experiment called Kromka. This experiment measured the amount of residue emitted from Zvezda's jet thruster firings.