Введение
Обзор различных дорог в Румынии
Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:
motorways (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – colour: green; designation: A followed by one or two digits
expressways (drum – pl. drumuri expres) – colour: red; designation: DEx followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
national road (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – colour: red; designation: DN followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
county road (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – colour: blue; designation: DJ followed by three digits and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
local road (drum – pl. drumuri comunale) – colour: yellow; designated DC followed by a number and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
Some of the national roads are part of the European route scheme. European routes passing through Romania: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (Class A); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771. As of 31 December 2021, public roads totaled : 17,530 km (20.3%) national roads, 35,096 km (40.7%) county roads and 33,573 km (39%) local roads. From the point of view of the type of cover, the structure of the public road network registers at the end of 2019 was: 38,166 km (44.2%) modernized roads (92.8% with asphalt pavements of heavy/medium type and 7.8% with concrete), 21,365 km (24.7%) with light asphalt road clothing, 17,831 km (20.6%) cobblestone roads and 9,021 km (10.5%) dirt roads. Of all cobblestone and dirt roads 73% are local roads. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and many works have begun around the country, which will result in significant changes by 2015, and eventually by 2022. There are few tolls for using roads in Romania. There is one at the Giurgeni – Vadu Oii Bridge over the river Danube on highway DN2A at Vadu Oii and one at the Cernavodă Bridge, on the A2 motorway, a 17 km long section between Fetești and Cernavodă which consists of two road/railway bridges. Nevertheless, every owner of a car that uses a motorway (A) or a national road (DN) in Romania must purchase a vignette (rovinietă) from any of the main petrol stations or at any post office throughout the country. Trunk Motorway Route Planned (km) / Built (km) Remarks Beltway around Bucharest 100 / 9.5 South Ring Road Motorway (48 km) under construction as of 2020. Construction contracts for 5 of the 7 segments have been signed, with first openings due in 2023. Bucharest – Pitești – Sibiu – Deva – Lugoj – Timișoara – Arad – Nădlac → Hungary 580 / 461 Bucharest – Pitești (110 km), Boița – Coșevița (188 km), Margina – Nădlac (159 km) sections are operational. Between Boița–Nădlac, the tunnels from Holdea–Margina are under construction. The Boița–Sibiu section was opened at the end of 2022. Bucharest – Fetești – Cernavodă – Constanța 203 / 203 Operational on the entire length; first fully completed Romanian motorway. Bucharest – Ploiești – Brașov – Sighișoara – Târgu Mureș – Cluj Napoca – Zalău – Oradea – Borș → Hungary 596 / 201 Bucharest – Ploiești (62.5 km), Râṣnov – Cristian (6.3 km), Târgu Mureș – Nădășelu (113 km), and Oradea – Borș (5.4 km) sectors are operational. The exits to DN73 at Cristian and DN15 at Târgu Mureș, while not part of A3, are built to expressway standards. Status of the Făgăraș–Târgu Mureș section (108 km) remains unclear. DEx4 Ovidiu – Agigea – Mangalia – Vama Veche → Bulgaria 270 / 22 Constanța bypass complete as motorway and in use. Brăila–Constanța and Agigea – Vama Veche planned as expressway sections. The Brăila–Jijila section (19.095 km) is under construction, including the Brăila Bridge, and is likely to be extended with the Techirghiol bypass in the near future. Bucharest – Giurgiu → Bulgaria ~55 / 0 Status unclear; "A5" originally used on Sibiu Brașov. Junction with A1 near Lugoj – Drobeta Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest 450 / 11 Operational between the junction with A1 and the Lugoj bypass. Feasibility studies for Bucharest Alexandria, Filiasi Drobeta Turnu Severin Drobeta Turnu Severin Lugoj sections have been tendered. DEx7 Junction with A3 near Ploiești – Bacău – Suceava – Siret → Ukraine 436 / 16 Bacău bypass (16 km) is operational. First contracts signed in 2022, with the earliest opening likely in 2024. Contracts for all sections from Ploiești to Pașcani have been tendered or signed, with funding mandating to be fully complete by 2026. Pașcani–Suceava–Siret segment is in planning phases, with the last segment from Milișăuți (near Rădăuți) to Siret possibly being designated as expressway. Junction with A3 near Târgu Mureș – Sovata – Târgu Neamț – Junction with A7 – Pașcani – Iași – Ungheni → Moldova 311 / 0 East West motorway between Transylvania and Moldavia initially estimated to be first open in 2009. Feasibility studies conducted in 2009–2011; Feasibility studies revision and update contracted in 2015. First contracts to be tendered in 2023, and first openings by 2026. Planned to be completed by 2030. Junction with A1 near Timișoara – Moravița → Serbia 92 / 0 Intended to connect Timișoara to Serbia's motorway network, with possible first tendered construction contracts in 2023. Junction with A1 near Sebeș – Alba Iulia – junction with A3 near Turda 70 / 70 Operational on the entire length since 2021. DEx11 Junction with A1 near Arad – Oradea – junction with A3 near Biharia 118 / 2 Only junction with A1 operational. The first expressway segment (Oradea bypass) likely to be opened in 2023. Additional tendering planned for 2023. The Oradea West bypass (18.96 km) is under construction, of which 16.035 km between Sântandrei Biharia (A3) forms DEx11. Junction with A1 near Sibiu – Făgăraș – Brașov – Sfântu Gheorghe – Onești – junction with A7 near Răcăciuni 280 / 0 Mentioned in the 2014 Masterplan; intended as a link between southern Transylvania and Moldavia. First segments of the Sibiu Brașov section were tendered in 2022; the other segments are in planning stages. DEx14 Junction with A7 near Botoșani – Suceava – Vatra Dornei – Bistrița – junction of A15 near Dej – Baia Mare – Satu Mare – Oar → Hungary 436 / 9 The Satu Mare bypass was opened to expressway standards in 2022, 8.672 km being part of DEx14. Feasibility studies being completed for Satu Mare–Oar section, with likely tendering in 2023. Feasibility studies for Suceava–Baia Mare–Satu Mare (390 km) are in early planning stages, likely to be mostly built as expressways.
Публичные дороги в Румынии ранжируются в соответствии с важностью и трафиком следующим образом:
автомагистрали (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – цвет: зеленый; обозначение: A, за которым следует одна или две цифры
скоростные дороги (drum expres – pl. drumuri expres) – цвет: красный; обозначение: DEx, за которым следует одна или две цифры и необязательная буква
национальная дорога (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – цвет: красный; обозначение: DN, за которым следует одна или две цифры и необязательная буква
окружная дорога (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – цвет: синий; обозначение: DJ, за которым следуют три цифры и необязательная буква; уникальные номера в каждом округе
местная дорога (drum comunal – pl. drumuri comunale) – цвет: желтый; обозначение: DC, за которым следует число и необязательная буква; уникальные номера в каждом округе
Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:
motorways (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – colour: green; designation: A followed by one or two digits
expressways (drum – pl. drumuri expres) – colour: red; designation: DEx followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
national road (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – colour: red; designation: DN followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
county road (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – colour: blue; designation: DJ followed by three digits and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
local road (drum – pl. drumuri comunale) – colour: yellow; designated DC followed by a number and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
Some of the national roads are part of the European route scheme. European routes passing through Romania: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (Class A); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771. As of 31 December 2021, public roads totaled : 17,530 km (20.3%) national roads, 35,096 km (40.7%) county roads and 33,573 km (39%) local roads. From the point of view of the type of cover, the structure of the public road network registers at the end of 2019 was: 38,166 km (44.2%) modernized roads (92.8% with asphalt pavements of heavy/medium type and 7.8% with concrete), 21,365 km (24.7%) with light asphalt road clothing, 17,831 km (20.6%) cobblestone roads and 9,021 km (10.5%) dirt roads. Of all cobblestone and dirt roads 73% are local roads. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and many works have begun around the country, which will result in significant changes by 2015, and eventually by 2022. There are few tolls for using roads in Romania. There is one at the Giurgeni – Vadu Oii Bridge over the river Danube on highway DN2A at Vadu Oii and one at the Cernavodă Bridge, on the A2 motorway, a 17 km long section between Fetești and Cernavodă which consists of two road/railway bridges. Nevertheless, every owner of a car that uses a motorway (A) or a national road (DN) in Romania must purchase a vignette (rovinietă) from any of the main petrol stations or at any post office throughout the country. Trunk Motorway Route Planned (km) / Built (km) Remarks Beltway around Bucharest 100 / 9.5 South Ring Road Motorway (48 km) under construction as of 2020. Construction contracts for 5 of the 7 segments have been signed, with first openings due in 2023. Bucharest – Pitești – Sibiu – Deva – Lugoj – Timișoara – Arad – Nădlac → Hungary 580 / 461 Bucharest – Pitești (110 km), Boița – Coșevița (188 km), Margina – Nădlac (159 km) sections are operational. Between Boița–Nădlac, the tunnels from Holdea–Margina are under construction. The Boița–Sibiu section was opened at the end of 2022. Bucharest – Fetești – Cernavodă – Constanța 203 / 203 Operational on the entire length; first fully completed Romanian motorway. Bucharest – Ploiești – Brașov – Sighișoara – Târgu Mureș – Cluj Napoca – Zalău – Oradea – Borș → Hungary 596 / 201 Bucharest – Ploiești (62.5 km), Râṣnov – Cristian (6.3 km), Târgu Mureș – Nădășelu (113 km), and Oradea – Borș (5.4 km) sectors are operational. The exits to DN73 at Cristian and DN15 at Târgu Mureș, while not part of A3, are built to expressway standards. Status of the Făgăraș–Târgu Mureș section (108 km) remains unclear. DEx4 Ovidiu – Agigea – Mangalia – Vama Veche → Bulgaria 270 / 22 Constanța bypass complete as motorway and in use. Brăila–Constanța and Agigea – Vama Veche planned as expressway sections. The Brăila–Jijila section (19.095 km) is under construction, including the Brăila Bridge, and is likely to be extended with the Techirghiol bypass in the near future. Bucharest – Giurgiu → Bulgaria ~55 / 0 Status unclear; "A5" originally used on Sibiu Brașov. Junction with A1 near Lugoj – Drobeta Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest 450 / 11 Operational between the junction with A1 and the Lugoj bypass. Feasibility studies for Bucharest Alexandria, Filiasi Drobeta Turnu Severin Drobeta Turnu Severin Lugoj sections have been tendered. DEx7 Junction with A3 near Ploiești – Bacău – Suceava – Siret → Ukraine 436 / 16 Bacău bypass (16 km) is operational. First contracts signed in 2022, with the earliest opening likely in 2024. Contracts for all sections from Ploiești to Pașcani have been tendered or signed, with funding mandating to be fully complete by 2026. Pașcani–Suceava–Siret segment is in planning phases, with the last segment from Milișăuți (near Rădăuți) to Siret possibly being designated as expressway. Junction with A3 near Târgu Mureș – Sovata – Târgu Neamț – Junction with A7 – Pașcani – Iași – Ungheni → Moldova 311 / 0 East West motorway between Transylvania and Moldavia initially estimated to be first open in 2009. Feasibility studies conducted in 2009–2011; Feasibility studies revision and update contracted in 2015. First contracts to be tendered in 2023, and first openings by 2026. Planned to be completed by 2030. Junction with A1 near Timișoara – Moravița → Serbia 92 / 0 Intended to connect Timișoara to Serbia's motorway network, with possible first tendered construction contracts in 2023. Junction with A1 near Sebeș – Alba Iulia – junction with A3 near Turda 70 / 70 Operational on the entire length since 2021. DEx11 Junction with A1 near Arad – Oradea – junction with A3 near Biharia 118 / 2 Only junction with A1 operational. The first expressway segment (Oradea bypass) likely to be opened in 2023. Additional tendering planned for 2023. The Oradea West bypass (18.96 km) is under construction, of which 16.035 km between Sântandrei Biharia (A3) forms DEx11. Junction with A1 near Sibiu – Făgăraș – Brașov – Sfântu Gheorghe – Onești – junction with A7 near Răcăciuni 280 / 0 Mentioned in the 2014 Masterplan; intended as a link between southern Transylvania and Moldavia. First segments of the Sibiu Brașov section were tendered in 2022; the other segments are in planning stages. DEx14 Junction with A7 near Botoșani – Suceava – Vatra Dornei – Bistrița – junction of A15 near Dej – Baia Mare – Satu Mare – Oar → Hungary 436 / 9 The Satu Mare bypass was opened to expressway standards in 2022, 8.672 km being part of DEx14. Feasibility studies being completed for Satu Mare–Oar section, with likely tendering in 2023. Feasibility studies for Suceava–Baia Mare–Satu Mare (390 km) are in early planning stages, likely to be mostly built as expressways.
Некоторые из национальных дорог являются частью европейской сети маршрутов. Европейские маршруты, проходящие через Румынию: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (класс А); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771. По состоянию на 31 декабря 2021 года общественные дороги насчитывали: 17 530 км (20,3%) национальных дорог, 35 096 км (40,7%) окружных дорог и 33 573 км (39%) местных дорог. С точки зрения типа покрытия структура реестра общественной дорожной сети на конец 2019 года составляла: 38 166 км (44,2%) модернизированных дорог (92,8% с асфальтовым покрытием тяжелого/среднего типа и 7,8% с бетоном), 21 365 км (24,7%) с легким асфальтовым дорожным покрытием, 17 831 км (20,6%) мощеных дорог и 9 021 км (10,5%) грунтовых дорог. Из всех мощеных и грунтовых дорог 73% – местные дороги. В последние годы был разработан генеральный план национальной сети автомагистралей, и по всей стране началось много работ, что приведет к значительным изменениям к 2015 году и, в конечном итоге, к 2022 году. В Румынии взимается плата за использование дорог лишь в нескольких местах. Один пункт оплаты находится на мосту Giurgeni – Vadu Oii через реку Дунай на шоссе DN2A в Ваду Ои, а другой – на мосту Cernavodă на автомагистрали A2, 17-километровом участке между Фетешти и Cernavodă, состоящем из двух автомобильных/железнодорожных мостов. Тем не менее, каждый владелец автомобиля, использующий автомагистраль (A) или национальную дорогу (DN) в Румынии, должен приобрести виньетку (rovinietă) на любой из основных автозаправочных станций или в любом почтовом отделении по всей стране.
Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:
motorways (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – colour: green; designation: A followed by one or two digits
expressways (drum – pl. drumuri expres) – colour: red; designation: DEx followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
national road (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – colour: red; designation: DN followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
county road (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – colour: blue; designation: DJ followed by three digits and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
local road (drum – pl. drumuri comunale) – colour: yellow; designated DC followed by a number and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
Some of the national roads are part of the European route scheme. European routes passing through Romania: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (Class A); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771. As of 31 December 2021, public roads totaled : 17,530 km (20.3%) national roads, 35,096 km (40.7%) county roads and 33,573 km (39%) local roads. From the point of view of the type of cover, the structure of the public road network registers at the end of 2019 was: 38,166 km (44.2%) modernized roads (92.8% with asphalt pavements of heavy/medium type and 7.8% with concrete), 21,365 km (24.7%) with light asphalt road clothing, 17,831 km (20.6%) cobblestone roads and 9,021 km (10.5%) dirt roads. Of all cobblestone and dirt roads 73% are local roads. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and many works have begun around the country, which will result in significant changes by 2015, and eventually by 2022. There are few tolls for using roads in Romania. There is one at the Giurgeni – Vadu Oii Bridge over the river Danube on highway DN2A at Vadu Oii and one at the Cernavodă Bridge, on the A2 motorway, a 17 km long section between Fetești and Cernavodă which consists of two road/railway bridges. Nevertheless, every owner of a car that uses a motorway (A) or a national road (DN) in Romania must purchase a vignette (rovinietă) from any of the main petrol stations or at any post office throughout the country. Trunk Motorway Route Planned (km) / Built (km) Remarks Beltway around Bucharest 100 / 9.5 South Ring Road Motorway (48 km) under construction as of 2020. Construction contracts for 5 of the 7 segments have been signed, with first openings due in 2023. Bucharest – Pitești – Sibiu – Deva – Lugoj – Timișoara – Arad – Nădlac → Hungary 580 / 461 Bucharest – Pitești (110 km), Boița – Coșevița (188 km), Margina – Nădlac (159 km) sections are operational. Between Boița–Nădlac, the tunnels from Holdea–Margina are under construction. The Boița–Sibiu section was opened at the end of 2022. Bucharest – Fetești – Cernavodă – Constanța 203 / 203 Operational on the entire length; first fully completed Romanian motorway. Bucharest – Ploiești – Brașov – Sighișoara – Târgu Mureș – Cluj Napoca – Zalău – Oradea – Borș → Hungary 596 / 201 Bucharest – Ploiești (62.5 km), Râṣnov – Cristian (6.3 km), Târgu Mureș – Nădășelu (113 km), and Oradea – Borș (5.4 km) sectors are operational. The exits to DN73 at Cristian and DN15 at Târgu Mureș, while not part of A3, are built to expressway standards. Status of the Făgăraș–Târgu Mureș section (108 km) remains unclear. DEx4 Ovidiu – Agigea – Mangalia – Vama Veche → Bulgaria 270 / 22 Constanța bypass complete as motorway and in use. Brăila–Constanța and Agigea – Vama Veche planned as expressway sections. The Brăila–Jijila section (19.095 km) is under construction, including the Brăila Bridge, and is likely to be extended with the Techirghiol bypass in the near future. Bucharest – Giurgiu → Bulgaria ~55 / 0 Status unclear; "A5" originally used on Sibiu Brașov. Junction with A1 near Lugoj – Drobeta Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest 450 / 11 Operational between the junction with A1 and the Lugoj bypass. Feasibility studies for Bucharest Alexandria, Filiasi Drobeta Turnu Severin Drobeta Turnu Severin Lugoj sections have been tendered. DEx7 Junction with A3 near Ploiești – Bacău – Suceava – Siret → Ukraine 436 / 16 Bacău bypass (16 km) is operational. First contracts signed in 2022, with the earliest opening likely in 2024. Contracts for all sections from Ploiești to Pașcani have been tendered or signed, with funding mandating to be fully complete by 2026. Pașcani–Suceava–Siret segment is in planning phases, with the last segment from Milișăuți (near Rădăuți) to Siret possibly being designated as expressway. Junction with A3 near Târgu Mureș – Sovata – Târgu Neamț – Junction with A7 – Pașcani – Iași – Ungheni → Moldova 311 / 0 East West motorway between Transylvania and Moldavia initially estimated to be first open in 2009. Feasibility studies conducted in 2009–2011; Feasibility studies revision and update contracted in 2015. First contracts to be tendered in 2023, and first openings by 2026. Planned to be completed by 2030. Junction with A1 near Timișoara – Moravița → Serbia 92 / 0 Intended to connect Timișoara to Serbia's motorway network, with possible first tendered construction contracts in 2023. Junction with A1 near Sebeș – Alba Iulia – junction with A3 near Turda 70 / 70 Operational on the entire length since 2021. DEx11 Junction with A1 near Arad – Oradea – junction with A3 near Biharia 118 / 2 Only junction with A1 operational. The first expressway segment (Oradea bypass) likely to be opened in 2023. Additional tendering planned for 2023. The Oradea West bypass (18.96 km) is under construction, of which 16.035 km between Sântandrei Biharia (A3) forms DEx11. Junction with A1 near Sibiu – Făgăraș – Brașov – Sfântu Gheorghe – Onești – junction with A7 near Răcăciuni 280 / 0 Mentioned in the 2014 Masterplan; intended as a link between southern Transylvania and Moldavia. First segments of the Sibiu Brașov section were tendered in 2022; the other segments are in planning stages. DEx14 Junction with A7 near Botoșani – Suceava – Vatra Dornei – Bistrița – junction of A15 near Dej – Baia Mare – Satu Mare – Oar → Hungary 436 / 9 The Satu Mare bypass was opened to expressway standards in 2022, 8.672 km being part of DEx14. Feasibility studies being completed for Satu Mare–Oar section, with likely tendering in 2023. Feasibility studies for Suceava–Baia Mare–Satu Mare (390 km) are in early planning stages, likely to be mostly built as expressways.
Трансграничный тракт Автомагистрали Планируемый (км) / Построенный (км) Примечания
Поясная дорога вокруг Бухареста 100 / 9.5
Южный кольцевой автодорога (48 км) в стадии строительства по состоянию на 2020 год. Подписаны контракты на строительство 5 из 7 сегментов, первые открытия запланированы на 2023 год.
Бухарест – Питешти – Сибиу – Дева – Лугой – Тимишоара – Арад – Надлак → Венгрия 580 / 461
Бухарест – Питешти (110 км), Бойца – Кошевица (188 км), Маргина – Надлак (159 км) секции действуют. Между Бойца–Надлак, туннели от Holdea–Margina находятся в стадии строительства. Секция Бойца–Сибиу была открыта в конце 2022 года.
Бухарест – Фетешти – Cernavodă – Констанца 203 / 203
Работает на всей протяженности; первая полностью завершенная румынская автомагистраль.
Бухарест – Плоешти – Брашов – Сигишоара – Таргу Муреш – Клуж-Напока – Залау – Орадея – Борш → Венгрия 596 / 201
Бухарест – Плоешти (62,5 км), Раснов – Кристиан (6,3 км), Таргу Муреш – Надашелу (113 км) и Орадея – Борш (5,4 км) сектора действуют. Выходы на DN73 в Cristian и DN15 в Târgu Mureș, хотя и не являются частью A3, построены в соответствии со стандартами скоростных дорог. Статус участка Făgăraș–Târgu Mureș (108 км) остается неясным.
DEx4 Ovidiu – Agigea – Mangalia – Vama Veche → Болгария 270 / 22
Константинский обход завершен как автомагистраль и в эксплуатации. Брайла–Констанца и Агигея–Вама-Вече планировались как участки скоростной дороги. В настоящее время строится участок Брайла–Джиджила (19 095 км), включая мост Брайла, и в ближайшем будущем, вероятно, будет продлен обходным путем Техиргиол.
Бухарест – Giurgiu → Болгария ~55 / 0
Статус неясен; "A5" первоначально использовался на Сибиу – Брашове.
Стыковка с А1 возле Лугоя – Дробета Турну Северин – Крайова – Александрия – Бухарест 450 / 11
Работает между стыком с А1 и обходным дорожным пуском Лугоя. Были проведены тендеры на изучение целесообразности строительства секций "Бухарест – Александрия", "Филиаши – Дробета Турну Северин" и "Дробета Турну Северин – Лугой".
DEx7 Стыковка с А3 около Плоещи – Бакау – Сучава – Сирет → Украина 436 / 16
Бакау обход (16 км) работает. Первые контракты будут подписаны в 2022 году, а самое раннее открытие, вероятно, в 2024 году. Контракты на все участки от Плоещи до Пашкани были офертированы или подписаны, а финансирование должно быть полностью завершено к 2026 году. Сегмент Pașcani–Suceava–Siret находится на стадии планирования, а...
Стыковка с А3 около Таргу Муреш – Совата – Таргу Нямец – Стыковка с А7 – Пашкани – Яссы – Унгень → Молдова 311 / 0
Восточно-западная автомагистраль между Трансильванией и Молдавией первоначально оценивалась как первая открытая в 2009 году. Исследования целесообразности проводились в 2009–2011 годах; пересмотр и обновление исследований целесообразности заключены в 2015 году. Первые контракты будут офертированы в 2023 году, а первые открытия – к 2026 году. Планируется завершить к 2030 году.
Стыковка с А1 около Тимишоары – Моравица → Сербия 92 / 0
Предполагается соединить Тимишоару с сетью автомагистралей Сербии, с возможными первыми тендерными контрактами в 2023 году.
Стыковка с А1 около Себеша – Алба-Юлия – стыковка с А3 около Турды 70 / 70
Работает на всей протяженности с 2021 года.
DEx11 Стыковка с А1 около Арада – Орадея – стыковка с А3 около Бихарии 118 / 2
Только стыковка с А1 действует. Первый сегмент скоростной дороги (Орадейский обход) предположительно будет открыт в 2023 году. Дополнительные тендеры запланированы на 2023 год. Орадейский западный обход (18.96 км) находится в стадии строительства, из которых 16.035 км между Sântandrei – Biharia (A3) формируют DEx11.
Стыковка с А1 около Сибиу – Фэгэраш – Брашов – Сфынту-Георге – Онешть – стыковка с А7 около Рэкэчуни 280 / 0
Упоминается в Мастерплане 2014 года; предполагается как связь между южной Трансильванией и Молдавией. Первые сегменты секции Сибиу – Брашов были офертированы в 2022 году; остальные сегменты находятся на стадии планирования.
DEx14 Стыковка с А7 около Ботошани – Сучава – Ватра-Дорней – Бистрица – стыковка с А15 около Дежа – Бая-Маре – Сату-Маре – Оар → Венгрия 436 / 9
Сату-Маре обход был открыт в соответствии со стандартами скоростной дороги в 2022 году, 8.672 км из которых являются частью DEx14. Исследования целесообразности завершаются для секции Сату-Маре – Оар, с вероятным тендером в 2023 году. Исследования целесообразности для Сучава – Бая-Маре – Сату-Маре (390 км) находятся на ранних стадиях планирования, вероятно, в основном будут построены как скоростные дороги.
Public roads in Romania are ranked according to importance and traffic as follows:
motorways (autostradă – pl. autostrăzi) – colour: green; designation: A followed by one or two digits
expressways (drum – pl. drumuri expres) – colour: red; designation: DEx followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
national road (drum național – pl. drumuri naționale) – colour: red; designation: DN followed by one or two digits and an optional letter
county road (drum județean – pl. drumuri județene) – colour: blue; designation: DJ followed by three digits and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
local road (drum – pl. drumuri comunale) – colour: yellow; designated DC followed by a number and an optional letter; unique numbers per county
Some of the national roads are part of the European route scheme. European routes passing through Romania: E58; E60; E70; E85; E79; E81; E68; E87 (Class A); E574; E576; E581; E583; E671; E771. As of 31 December 2021, public roads totaled : 17,530 km (20.3%) national roads, 35,096 km (40.7%) county roads and 33,573 km (39%) local roads. From the point of view of the type of cover, the structure of the public road network registers at the end of 2019 was: 38,166 km (44.2%) modernized roads (92.8% with asphalt pavements of heavy/medium type and 7.8% with concrete), 21,365 km (24.7%) with light asphalt road clothing, 17,831 km (20.6%) cobblestone roads and 9,021 km (10.5%) dirt roads. Of all cobblestone and dirt roads 73% are local roads. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and many works have begun around the country, which will result in significant changes by 2015, and eventually by 2022. There are few tolls for using roads in Romania. There is one at the Giurgeni – Vadu Oii Bridge over the river Danube on highway DN2A at Vadu Oii and one at the Cernavodă Bridge, on the A2 motorway, a 17 km long section between Fetești and Cernavodă which consists of two road/railway bridges. Nevertheless, every owner of a car that uses a motorway (A) or a national road (DN) in Romania must purchase a vignette (rovinietă) from any of the main petrol stations or at any post office throughout the country. Trunk Motorway Route Planned (km) / Built (km) Remarks Beltway around Bucharest 100 / 9.5 South Ring Road Motorway (48 km) under construction as of 2020. Construction contracts for 5 of the 7 segments have been signed, with first openings due in 2023. Bucharest – Pitești – Sibiu – Deva – Lugoj – Timișoara – Arad – Nădlac → Hungary 580 / 461 Bucharest – Pitești (110 km), Boița – Coșevița (188 km), Margina – Nădlac (159 km) sections are operational. Between Boița–Nădlac, the tunnels from Holdea–Margina are under construction. The Boița–Sibiu section was opened at the end of 2022. Bucharest – Fetești – Cernavodă – Constanța 203 / 203 Operational on the entire length; first fully completed Romanian motorway. Bucharest – Ploiești – Brașov – Sighișoara – Târgu Mureș – Cluj Napoca – Zalău – Oradea – Borș → Hungary 596 / 201 Bucharest – Ploiești (62.5 km), Râṣnov – Cristian (6.3 km), Târgu Mureș – Nădășelu (113 km), and Oradea – Borș (5.4 km) sectors are operational. The exits to DN73 at Cristian and DN15 at Târgu Mureș, while not part of A3, are built to expressway standards. Status of the Făgăraș–Târgu Mureș section (108 km) remains unclear. DEx4 Ovidiu – Agigea – Mangalia – Vama Veche → Bulgaria 270 / 22 Constanța bypass complete as motorway and in use. Brăila–Constanța and Agigea – Vama Veche planned as expressway sections. The Brăila–Jijila section (19.095 km) is under construction, including the Brăila Bridge, and is likely to be extended with the Techirghiol bypass in the near future. Bucharest – Giurgiu → Bulgaria ~55 / 0 Status unclear; "A5" originally used on Sibiu Brașov. Junction with A1 near Lugoj – Drobeta Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest 450 / 11 Operational between the junction with A1 and the Lugoj bypass. Feasibility studies for Bucharest Alexandria, Filiasi Drobeta Turnu Severin Drobeta Turnu Severin Lugoj sections have been tendered. DEx7 Junction with A3 near Ploiești – Bacău – Suceava – Siret → Ukraine 436 / 16 Bacău bypass (16 km) is operational. First contracts signed in 2022, with the earliest opening likely in 2024. Contracts for all sections from Ploiești to Pașcani have been tendered or signed, with funding mandating to be fully complete by 2026. Pașcani–Suceava–Siret segment is in planning phases, with the last segment from Milișăuți (near Rădăuți) to Siret possibly being designated as expressway. Junction with A3 near Târgu Mureș – Sovata – Târgu Neamț – Junction with A7 – Pașcani – Iași – Ungheni → Moldova 311 / 0 East West motorway between Transylvania and Moldavia initially estimated to be first open in 2009. Feasibility studies conducted in 2009–2011; Feasibility studies revision and update contracted in 2015. First contracts to be tendered in 2023, and first openings by 2026. Planned to be completed by 2030. Junction with A1 near Timișoara – Moravița → Serbia 92 / 0 Intended to connect Timișoara to Serbia's motorway network, with possible first tendered construction contracts in 2023. Junction with A1 near Sebeș – Alba Iulia – junction with A3 near Turda 70 / 70 Operational on the entire length since 2021. DEx11 Junction with A1 near Arad – Oradea – junction with A3 near Biharia 118 / 2 Only junction with A1 operational. The first expressway segment (Oradea bypass) likely to be opened in 2023. Additional tendering planned for 2023. The Oradea West bypass (18.96 km) is under construction, of which 16.035 km between Sântandrei Biharia (A3) forms DEx11. Junction with A1 near Sibiu – Făgăraș – Brașov – Sfântu Gheorghe – Onești – junction with A7 near Răcăciuni 280 / 0 Mentioned in the 2014 Masterplan; intended as a link between southern Transylvania and Moldavia. First segments of the Sibiu Brașov section were tendered in 2022; the other segments are in planning stages. DEx14 Junction with A7 near Botoșani – Suceava – Vatra Dornei – Bistrița – junction of A15 near Dej – Baia Mare – Satu Mare – Oar → Hungary 436 / 9 The Satu Mare bypass was opened to expressway standards in 2022, 8.672 km being part of DEx14. Feasibility studies being completed for Satu Mare–Oar section, with likely tendering in 2023. Feasibility studies for Suceava–Baia Mare–Satu Mare (390 km) are in early planning stages, likely to be mostly built as expressways.
Национальные дороги
Общая протяженность (включая европейские маршруты и автомагистрали) национальных дорог в 2019 году составляет 17 873 км (11 105,77 миль). Большинство национальных дорог (ДН) имеют одно полотно для движения в каждом направлении, при этом только 12,5% имеют разделенные проезжие части. На конец 2019 года протяженность окружных дорог составляла 35 083 км (21 799 миль), а местных дорог – 33 435 км (20 775 миль).
Окружные дороги
Из 35 083 км: 13 810 км (39,4%) составляют дороги с асфальтобетонным покрытием тяжелого/среднего типа, 13 227 км (37,7%) – дороги с легким асфальтобетонным покрытием, 956 км (2,7%) – бетонные дороги, 5310 км (15%) – мощеные дороги и 1706 км (4,8%) – грунтовые дороги. В отношении технического состояния, 23% дорог с асфальтобетонным покрытием тяжелого/среднего типа и 48% дорог с легким асфальтобетонным покрытием выработали свой срок службы и требуют ремонта или замены.
Местные дороги
Из 33 435 км: 7 418 км (22,1%) составляют дороги с легким асфальтовым покрытием, 5 506 км (16,5%) – асфальтобетонные дороги тяжелого и среднего типов, 810 км (2,4%) – бетонные дороги, 12 377 км (37%) – мощеные дороги и 7 305 км (21,8%) – грунтовые дороги. По техническому состоянию, 31% дорог с легким асфальтовым покрытием и 10% асфальтобетонных дорог тяжелого и среднего типов выработали свой срок службы и требуют ремонта или замены.