Введение
Узел Мэтью Уокера – декоративный узел, используемый для предотвращения распускания конца веревки. Он вяжется путем расплетения прядей скрученной веревки, соединения их вместе, а затем повторного скручивания веревки. Его также можно вязать из нескольких отдельных отрезков шнура, в этом случае он связывает их в пучок. Традиционно этот узел формирует утолщение или "буксирный узел", чтобы конец веревки не проскользнул через отверстие, например, при креплении шкотов, натягивающих ванты на старых парусных судах со стоячим такелажем из волокнистых канатов. Точно неизвестно, кто такой был Мэтью Уокер и почему этот узел назван в его честь. Однако ранние упоминания из XIX века позволяют предположить, что он мог быть корабельным такелажником в Королевском флоте. Следующая цитата из "Книги узлов" Эшли дает возможные сведения о происхождении узла:
A Matthew Walker knot is a decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying. It is tied by unraveling the strands of a twisted rope, knotting the strands together, then laying up the strands together again. It may also be tied using several separate cords, in which case it keeps the cords together in a bundle. The traditional use of the knot is to form a knob or "stopper" to prevent the end of the rope from passing through a hole, for instance in rigging the lanyards which tension the shrouds on older sailing ships with standing rigging of fibre cordage. It is not specifically known who Matthew Walker was, nor why this knot was named after him. However, early references from the 19th century suggest he may have been a ship's rigger in the Royal Navy. The following quote from The Ashley Book of Knots gives possible origins of the knot:
The FULL or DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT. Lever in 1808 speaks of "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT" and describes the knot which Alston in 1860 calls the "DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT." A refinement of the original knot had in the meantime taken over the original name , which is now generally modified to "a MATTHEW WALKER
Lever's familiar expression, "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT," suggests that he may have known the inventor, who was possibly a master rigger in one of the British naval dockyards. Many myths have grown up around Matthew Walker, "the only man ever to have a knot named for him." Dr. Frederic Lucas, of the American Museum of Natural History, once told me the following story of the Origin of the knot, which he had heard off the Chincha Islands while loading guano in 1869. A sailor, having been sentenced to death by a judge who in earlier life had been a sailor himself, was reprieved by the judge because of their common fellowship of the sea. The judge offered the sailor a full pardon if he could show him a knot that he, the judge, could neither tie nor untie. The sailor called for ten fathoms of rope and, having retired to the privacy of his cell, unlaid the rope halfway, put in a MATTHEW WALKER KNOT, and then laid up the rope again to the end. So Matthew Walker secured his pardon, and the world gained an excellent knot. This knot is highly decorative, and was historically one of the most common and important knots. On a modern yacht, it is almost unused and unknown. It has been used in making stopper knots where lariats are used.
ПОЛНЫЙ или ДВОЙНОЙ УЗЕЛ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА. Левер в 1808 году упоминает "УЗЕЛ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА" и описывает узел, который Алстон в 1860 году называет "ДВОЙНЫМ УЗЛОМ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА". Совершенствование оригинального узла со временем присвоило себе первоначальное название, которое теперь обычно модифицируется как "УЗЕЛ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА".
A Matthew Walker knot is a decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying. It is tied by unraveling the strands of a twisted rope, knotting the strands together, then laying up the strands together again. It may also be tied using several separate cords, in which case it keeps the cords together in a bundle. The traditional use of the knot is to form a knob or "stopper" to prevent the end of the rope from passing through a hole, for instance in rigging the lanyards which tension the shrouds on older sailing ships with standing rigging of fibre cordage. It is not specifically known who Matthew Walker was, nor why this knot was named after him. However, early references from the 19th century suggest he may have been a ship's rigger in the Royal Navy. The following quote from The Ashley Book of Knots gives possible origins of the knot:
The FULL or DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT. Lever in 1808 speaks of "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT" and describes the knot which Alston in 1860 calls the "DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT." A refinement of the original knot had in the meantime taken over the original name , which is now generally modified to "a MATTHEW WALKER
Lever's familiar expression, "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT," suggests that he may have known the inventor, who was possibly a master rigger in one of the British naval dockyards. Many myths have grown up around Matthew Walker, "the only man ever to have a knot named for him." Dr. Frederic Lucas, of the American Museum of Natural History, once told me the following story of the Origin of the knot, which he had heard off the Chincha Islands while loading guano in 1869. A sailor, having been sentenced to death by a judge who in earlier life had been a sailor himself, was reprieved by the judge because of their common fellowship of the sea. The judge offered the sailor a full pardon if he could show him a knot that he, the judge, could neither tie nor untie. The sailor called for ten fathoms of rope and, having retired to the privacy of his cell, unlaid the rope halfway, put in a MATTHEW WALKER KNOT, and then laid up the rope again to the end. So Matthew Walker secured his pardon, and the world gained an excellent knot. This knot is highly decorative, and was historically one of the most common and important knots. On a modern yacht, it is almost unused and unknown. It has been used in making stopper knots where lariats are used.
Привычное выражение Левера "УЗЕЛ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА" позволяет предположить, что он мог знать изобретателя, который, возможно, был мастером такелажных работ на одной из британских военно-морских верфей. Вокруг Мэтью Уокера, "единственного человека, в честь которого когда-либо был назван узел", возникло много мифов. Доктор Фредерик Лукас из Американского музея естественной истории однажды рассказал мне следующую историю о происхождении узла, которую он услышал на островах Чинча во время погрузки гуано в 1869 году. Моряка, приговоренного к смерти судьей, который в прошлом сам был моряком, судья помиловал из-за их общей связи с морем. Судья предложил моряку полное прощение, если тот покажет ему узел, который судья не сможет ни завязать, ни развязать. Моряк потребовал десять фатомов веревки и, уединившись в своей камере, расплел веревку на полпути, вплел УЗЕЛ МЭТЬЮ УОКЕРА, а затем снова скрутил веревку до конца. Так Мэтью Уокер добился помилования, а мир получил отличный узел. Этот узел очень декоративен и исторически был одним из самых распространенных и важных узлов. На современной яхте он практически не используется и малоизвестен. Он использовался для изготовления буксирных узлов, где применяются лассо.
A Matthew Walker knot is a decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying. It is tied by unraveling the strands of a twisted rope, knotting the strands together, then laying up the strands together again. It may also be tied using several separate cords, in which case it keeps the cords together in a bundle. The traditional use of the knot is to form a knob or "stopper" to prevent the end of the rope from passing through a hole, for instance in rigging the lanyards which tension the shrouds on older sailing ships with standing rigging of fibre cordage. It is not specifically known who Matthew Walker was, nor why this knot was named after him. However, early references from the 19th century suggest he may have been a ship's rigger in the Royal Navy. The following quote from The Ashley Book of Knots gives possible origins of the knot:
The FULL or DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT. Lever in 1808 speaks of "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT" and describes the knot which Alston in 1860 calls the "DOUBLE MATTHEW WALKER KNOT." A refinement of the original knot had in the meantime taken over the original name , which is now generally modified to "a MATTHEW WALKER
Lever's familiar expression, "MATTHEW WALKER'S KNOT," suggests that he may have known the inventor, who was possibly a master rigger in one of the British naval dockyards. Many myths have grown up around Matthew Walker, "the only man ever to have a knot named for him." Dr. Frederic Lucas, of the American Museum of Natural History, once told me the following story of the Origin of the knot, which he had heard off the Chincha Islands while loading guano in 1869. A sailor, having been sentenced to death by a judge who in earlier life had been a sailor himself, was reprieved by the judge because of their common fellowship of the sea. The judge offered the sailor a full pardon if he could show him a knot that he, the judge, could neither tie nor untie. The sailor called for ten fathoms of rope and, having retired to the privacy of his cell, unlaid the rope halfway, put in a MATTHEW WALKER KNOT, and then laid up the rope again to the end. So Matthew Walker secured his pardon, and the world gained an excellent knot. This knot is highly decorative, and was historically one of the most common and important knots. On a modern yacht, it is almost unused and unknown. It has been used in making stopper knots where lariats are used.
Как завязать
Узел Мэтью Уокера вяжется из кругового пучка, состоящего из любого количества прядей. Чтобы завязать узел, вяжущий берет каждую прядь и формирует петлю вокруг остальной части пучка, а затем пропускает конец через образовавшуюся петлю, формируя простой узел. Затем он переходит к следующей пряди, двигаясь вокруг пучка в направлении прохождения петель. Завязать первую прядь вокруг пучка несложно, но каждый последующий конец необходимо пропустить через ранее сформированные петли, чтобы удержать все остальные пряди внутри своей петли. При затягивании может быть полезно прокатить узел вдоль пучка, особенно при использовании всего двух прядей. В результате получается спиральный узел, отдаленно напоминающий фрагмент парикмахерского шеста.