Пешеходные улицы в США: история и современность.

Pedestrian malls, also known as pedestrian streets, are the most common form of pedestrian zone in large cities in the United States. They are typically streets lined with storefronts and closed off to most automobile traffic. Emergency vehicles may have access at all times and delivery vehicles may be restricted to either limited delivery hours or entrances on side streets. "Pedestrian mall" as a term is most often used in the United States and Australia. "Pedestrian street" and "pedestrian zone" are the more common terms worldwide.

Today, pedestrian malls are relatively rare in the U. S., except for areas with many tourists and other visitors. They were more closely tied to the success of retail than in Europe, and by the 1980s, most did not succeed competing with ever more elaborate enclosed malls. Almost all of this generation of pedestrian malls built from 1959 through to the 1970s, have disappeared, or were shrunk down in the 1990s at the request of the retailers. Half of Kalamazoo's pedestrian mall, America's first, has been converted into a regular street with auto traffic, though with wide sidewalks.

However, most of these areas are still popular attractions today. The Pearl Street Mall in Boulder continues to thrive with its college crowd atmosphere and the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica thrives on tourist traffic. The Downtown Mall in Charlottesville, Virginia, now a vital business, entertainment, and retail area, spent roughly twenty years as a somewhat depressed stretch until an ice skating rink and multiplex opened on it in the mid 1990s. Broadway St. in Eugene, Oregon, is finally being developed with a hotel, movie theater, and retail after decades of limited economic activity following its experiment with a pedestrian mall. The Federal Plaza in Downtown Youngstown, Ohio is a similar case. Since the unsuccessful Federal Plaza has been ripped up and redesigned in 2004, the city of Youngstown has seen the development of a new entertainment district erupt. A new arena, two new courthouses, federal buildings, bistros and other new night spots have placed themselves in Youngstown's core. Burlington, Vermont's Church Street Marketplace has been expanded from the original three blocks to four, encompassing the entirety of the city's commercial "main street," and remains a thriving cultural center with shops, restaurants, vendor carts, sidewalk performers and special events which does not appear to be affected by the development of big box store farms in neighboring Williston. Poughkeepsie, New York, on the other hand, has reverted its Main Mall to vehicular traffic, having failed at maintaining a place pedestrians wanted to be (it was, at least in part, Poughkeepsie's initial success which convinced Burlington to proceed with its Marketplace project).

In 1989, Santa Monica, California on the Westside of Los Angeles, renovated and relaunched its 1960s era pedestrian mall as the Third Street Promenade, and renovated both the adjacent Santa Monica Pier and adjacent enclosed mall, Santa Monica Place, all together helping to draw both domestic and international visitors and locals from across Greater Los Angeles locals. In the mid 2010s, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg worked during his final term in office to create pedestrian malls in major tourist centers that had also been areas of severe automobile congestion such as Times Square and Herald Square.

In 1994–5, Las Vegas pedestrianized and covered its main downtown street, lined with smaller casinos, and created the Fremont Street Experience.

The San Antonio River Walk is a special case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from Alamo Plaza to Rivercenter, to HemisFair Plaza, to the Transit Tower. Most downtown buildings have street entrances and separate river entrances one level below. This separates the automotive service grid (delivery and ambulance/police vehicles) from pedestrian traffic below, provides bridges, walkways, and staircases, and attempts to balance retail, commercial, office, green space and cultural uses.

During the COVID 19 pandemic in the United States some cities pedestrianized additional streets in order to encourage social distancing and in many cases to provide extra rooms for restaurants to serve food on patios extended into the newly available spaces. In New York, this was applied to up to 100 miles of streets across the city.

Mall nameStateCityBuchannan StreetCaliforniaSan FranciscoCampanile MallCaliforniaSan DiegoGolden Mall (1967 1989)CaliforniaBurbankSantee AlleyCaliforniaLos AngelesOakland City CenterCaliforniaOaklandPomona Mall (1962–present, reduced in length 1977)CaliforniaPomonaRedding Mall (1970–2021)CaliforniaReddingMain Street (1966–present)CaliforniaRiversideK StreetCaliforniaSacramentoThird Street Promenade (1965–present)CaliforniaSanta MonicaWest Main StreetCaliforniaStocktonOlde TownColoradoArvadaHyman Ave/Mill St/Cooper AveColoradoAspenPearl Street MallColoradoBoulder16th Street MallColoradoDenverOld Town SquareColoradoFt. CollinsPalmer AlleyDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonLincoln Road (1960–present)FloridaMiami BeachSt. George StreetFloridaSt. Augustine Upper Alabama Street in Underground Atlanta complex GeorgiaAtlantaSavannah City MarketGeorgiaSavannahFort Street MallHawaiiHonoluluWalnut StreetIowaDes MoinesThe Ped MallIowaIowa CityCommercial StreetKansasAtchisonExchange PlaceLouisianaNew OrleansFulton StreetLouisianaNew OrleansOld Town MallMarylandBaltimoreDowntown Cumberland MallMarylandCumberlandFaneuil Hall MarketplaceMassachusettsBostonFront StreetMassachusettsNew BedfordInn Street MallMassachusettsNewburyportEssex MallMassachusettsSalemMaine Way Mall/Monument SqMainePortlandKalamazoo MallMichiganKalamazooNicollet Mall (1967–present)MinnesotaMinneapolisLast Chance GulchMontanaHelenaDowntown MallNew HampshireLebanonWashington Street MallNew JerseyCape MayNewark Avenue Pedestrian MallNew JerseyJersey CityFremont Street ExperienceNevadaLas VegasWashington StreetNew YorkBinghamtonBuffalo PlaceNew YorkBuffaloIthaca CommonsNew YorkIthaca165th StreetNew YorkJamaica, QueensTimes SquareNew YorkNew YorkJay Street Pedestrian WalkwayNew YorkSchenectadyFountain Square Plaza MallOhioCincinnatiCuyahoga Falls Riverfront Square DistrictOhioCuyahoga FallsLong Wharf MallRhode IslandNewportMain Street MallTennesseeMemphisAkard Street MallTexasDallasBrowder Street PlazaTexasDallasStone PlaceTexasDallas Avenida Houston Texas Houston GreenStreetTexasHouston Main Street SquareTexasHoustonDowntown MallVirginiaCharlottesvilleDuke of Glouchester StreetVirginiaWilliamsburgOld Town WinchesterVirginiaWinchesterChurch Street MarketplaceVermontBurlingtonOccidental Avenue, Pioneer SquareWashingtonSeattleSouthport Mall (1975 1992)WisconsinKenoshaState StreetWisconsinMadison

In the last decades of the 20th century many urbanists such as Jan Gehl and Peter Calthorpe have listed and explained what they see as the virtues of pedestrian streets. Urban renewal activists have often pushed for the creation of auto free zones in parts or in all of the sectors of a metropolitan area.

In some locations, the definition of a pedestrian mall is codified. Examples include Las Vegas and Riverside, California.

Pedestrian malls are streets that have limited or prohibited motor vehicle access, with the intent to create a walking zone. This may be done to create a safer environment in areas that have high pedestrian traffic, to reduce the noise and pollution levels, or to increase exercise levels by encouraging walking.