Пирс: Стыковочный отсек МКС

Docking compartment of the ISS

Pirs (Пирс, meaning "pier") – also called Stykovochny Otsek 1 (SO 1; Стыковочный отсек, "docking module") and DC 1 (Docking Compartment 1) – was a Russian module on the International Space Station (ISS). Pirs was launched on 14 September 2001, and was located on the Zvezda module of the station. It provided the ISS with one docking port for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allowed egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan space suits. Pirs was docked to Zvezda for almost 20 years, until 26 July 2021, where it was decommissioned and undocked by Progress MS 16 to make way for the new Nauka module.

A second docking compartment, Stykovochniy Otsek 2 (SO 2), was planned with the same design. However, when the Russian segment of the ISS was redesigned in 2001, the new design no longer included the SO 2, and its construction was canceled. After another change of plans the SO 2 module finally evolved into the Poisk module, which was added to the ISS in 2009.

The Pirs docking compartment had two primary functions: to provide a docking port for visiting Soyuz and Progress spacecraft and to serve as an airlock for Russian EVAs. The docking port could accommodate one Soyuz MS or one Progress MS spacecraft. Visiting spacecraft could deliver people and cargo to and from the space station. In addition, the Docking Compartment could transfer fuel from the fuel tanks of a docked Progress resupply vehicle to either the Zvezda Service Module’s Integrated Propulsion System or the Zarya Functional Cargo Block. It could also transfer propellant from Zvezda and Zarya to the propulsion system of docked vehicles — Soyuz and Progress. The two airlocks were designed to accommodate spacewalking cosmonauts wearing Russian Orlan M spacesuits. The Pirs docking compartment was manufactured by RKK Energia. The Docking Compartment was similar to the Mir Docking Module used on the earlier Mir space station. The docking compartment's planned lifetime as part of the station was five years.

Pirs was launched on 14 September 2001, as ISS Assembly Mission 4R, on a Russian Soyuz U launch vehicle, using a modified Progress spacecraft, Progress DC 1, as an upper stage. The Pirs Docking Compartment was attached to the nadir (bottom, Earth facing) port of the Zvezda service module.

Pirs docked to the International Space Station on 17 September 2001, at 01:05 UTC, and was configured during three spacewalks by the Expedition 3 crew. Two Strela cargo cranes were later added by the STS 96 and STS 101 missions, carried up on Integrated Cargo Carriers and installed during EVAs.

On 14 July 2021, Roskosmos announced that members of the 65th expedition aboard the ISS, were preparing the Pirs module for its departure on 23 July. The Pirs module supported 52 spacewalks and served as a docking port for Russian Soyuz and Progress spacecraft ferrying crew and cargo to and from the space station. After nearly 20 years at the International Space Station, ISS, the Pirs Docking Compartment, SO1, undocked from the nadir (Earth facing) port of the Zvezda Service Module, SM, on 26 July 2021, at 13:55 Moscow Time (6:55 a. m. EDT) in the joint stack with the Progress MS 16 cargo ship. At the time, the spacecraft was orbiting the Earth over Eastern China and within communications range of Russian ground stations. Within four minutes (13:59:00 Moscow Time, according to schedule), Progress MS 16 performed a short separation burn to increase distance from the ISS. The deorbiting maneuver was planned within around three hours aiming at the reentry of the Pirs/Progress stack over the Pacific. Progress MS 16 initiated braking maneuver as planned at 17:01 Moscow Time (10:01 a. m. EDT) and after a 1,057 second (17.6 minute) burn, the module/cargo ship duo reentered the dense atmosphere at 17:42 Moscow Time (10:42 a. m. EDT). According to NASA, the Pirs Docking Compartment spent 19 years, 313 days 9 hours 50 minutes and 45 seconds at the station and 19 years 315 days 15 hours 10 minutes and 47 seconds in flight.