Грант-мейнтейнед школы: история и трансформация в Англии и Уэльсе

Former type of school in England and Wales

Grant maintained schools or GM schools were state schools in England and Wales between 1988 and 1998 that had opted out of local government control, being funded directly by a grant from central government. Some of these schools had selective admissions procedures.

Grant maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. Proposals to convert to grant maintained status could be initiated by the governing body or by a number of parents, but would then be determined by a ballot of parents. Skegness Grammar School was the first school to apply for, and to receive, grant maintained status, whilst Castle Hall School in Mirfield was the first GM school to open. The Education Act 1993 made it possible for independent schools to convert to grant maintained status, and for independent sponsors to set up new grant maintained schools. At their peak in early 1998, there were 1,196 grant maintained schools, most of them secondary schools. Within the state sector, they accounted for 3% of primary schools, 19% of secondary schools and 2% of special schools. GM schools that had previously been voluntary aided, or which had private sponsors, normally returned to voluntary aided status, while others became foundation schools. However schools could choose a different status, and a few became voluntary controlled or community schools. After the abolition of grant maintained status, the only schools still directly funded by central government were the 15 City Technology Colleges. In 2000 the Labour government introduced a new kind of directly funded school, the City Academy, later renamed Academy. Following the 2010 General Election the Academies Act 2010 was enacted, vastly expanding possibilities for schools to become academies. It was described by journalist Mike Baker as "not an extension of the Labour government's academies, but the recreation of the grant maintained (GM) schools".