Райтбас: История и инновации североирландского автобусостроения

Northern Irish bus manufacturer

Wrightbus is a Northern Irish bus manufacturer and a pioneer of the low floor bus. The company was established in 1946 by Robert Wright and was later run by his son William Wright, until it was acquired in 2019 by British businessman Jo Bamford.

Wrightbus was founded in 1946 as Robert Wright & Son Coachbuilders. In its early years it rebodied lorries. In 1978, the company released its first aluminium structured bus bodywork.

Wright's breakthrough into the mainstream bus bodybuilding sector came in the early 1990s. The Handybus was a midibus body offered on a variety of chassis but was more successful than the emerging Dennis Dart in attracting reasonably sized orders from a variety of operators including London Buses, Go Ahead Northern, Ulsterbus and Citybus (Belfast). This was followed by a move into the full size single deck market with the Endeavour which was fitted to Dennis Javelin, Leyland Tiger and Scania K93 chassis, and enabled Wright to develop its highly successful Endurance body which competed with the Alexander Strider and Northern Counties Paladin for orders on Volvo B10B and Scania N113CRB chassis. Other Wright products introduced in this period included two Mercedes Benz based products, the O405 based Cityranger and the OH1416 based Urbanranger. The latter was launched around the time bus operators in the UK began switching to low floor chassis and consequently only attracted a handful of orders. However, Wright had become well established in the bus bodybuilding sector by then, and was able to exploit the opportunities the low floor revolution would offer it from the mid 1990s onwards.

In 1993, the Pathfinder on low floor Dennis Lance SLF and Scania N113CRL chassis was unveiled. The Axcess Ultralow was introduced in 1995 and offered on the Scania L113 chassis. At this time it was selling in reasonable numbers to UK bus operators, but unlike other bodybuilders who could only offer the L113 with step entrance bodies, Wright modified it by removing the middle section of the chassis and thus offered UK bus operators one of the first mainstream low floor body/chassis combinations. A major customer for the Axcess Ultralow was FirstGroup, taking approximately 240. Next up was the Volvo B10L based Liberator introduced at the end of 1995: National Express ordered 120 in 1997. Next came the Renown body built on the Volvo B10BLE which went on to become the standard bus of the Blazefield Group. Production was stopped when the B10BLE was replaced by the Volvo B7L on the new Wright Eclipse (now Wright Eclipse Metro), which due to its vertical rear engine wasn't popular with many operators. Nevertheless, Wright did not lose custom and many operators such as Ulsterbus switched to the incline engined Scania L94UB, on a similar Wright Solar body. Another bodywork which resembles the current Solar/Eclipse range is the Meridian, which was bodied on the MAN A22 full low floor single deck chassis.

Robert Wright & Son was restructured in 2000, with the bus building operation rebranded to Wrightbus as a part of the Wright Group. Companies formed alongside Wrightbus in the Wright Group were Expotech, handling the export of the group's technologies and international joint ventures such as Chance Coaches, and CustomCare, an aftermarket support operation servicing buses delivered by both Wrightbus and other bus manufacturers. The first Wright Eclipse Gemini double decker was built on the Volvo B7TL chassis in 2001. A similarly styled bus entered service with Arriva London in August 2003 as the Wright Pulsar Gemini on the VDL DB250 chassis. Large operators of Gemini bodied buses include Arriva, FirstGroup, Go Ahead Group, Lothian Buses and National Express.

One of the company's most notable products is the New Routemaster London bus, introduced in February 2012 as an update of the AEC Routemaster. Production ended in 2017 when the 1,000th left the production line. Since May 2013, Wrightbus began building its own chassis, the StreetLite single decker and StreetDeck double decker. However, they still continue to produce bodywork for the Volvo B5TL, Volvo B5LH and Volvo B8RLE. In 2016, the Wright SRM was introduced on the Volvo B5LH.

Between September and October 2019, Wrightbus entered administration with the suspension of 1,300 jobs at its factory. At the time Deloitte was appointed as the company's administrators, Wrightbus was £60m in debt, with £38.1 million owed to the Bank of Ireland. During the six years prior to Wrightbus going into administration, it was reported that Jeff Wright, the owner of the company, had donated £15m to a church he had founded in 2007, Green Pastures Church. This led to protests on 29 September 2019 which were joined by many of the company's former workers, including members of the Wright family. On 11 October 2019, a deal was reached in principle between Jo Bamford (son of Anthony Bamford, chairman of the construction equipment manufacturer JCB) and the Wright family for the land used by the factory, a sticking point in negotiations to sell the firm. A deal was made with the administrators eleven days later, with Jo Bamford's Bamford Bus Company concluding a takeover of the company. Since the takeover of Wrightbus, Bamford has been committed to creating a market for hydrogen buses with a reconfigured StreetDeck that is powered by hydrogen. In 2020, Bamford said he planned to build 3,000 buses of this type by 2024.

Wrightbus has followed two strategies towards achieving zero emission: creating battery powered and fuel cell (powered by hydrogen) vehicles. The operator Go Ahead has placed orders for fuel cell buses for its Metrobus and Brighton & Hove fleets, and Translink in Northern Ireland made an initial order for 38 battery vehicles. Wrightbus announced in February 2023 that it was planning to build a green hydrogen production facility on its Ballymena site in partnership with Hygen Energy, capable of producing enough hydrogen to fuel up to 300 buses per day with the option to triple its production in line with future demand for the fuel. Funding for the construction of electrolysers at the facility was secured from the first round of the UK government's £37.9 million UK Net Zero Hydrogen Fund in March 2023. Wrightbus was later granted up to £534,000 million in funding from the UK government sponsored Advanced Propulsion Centre fund in September 2023 to develop a driveline for a hydrogen fuel cell powered coach, which will be intended as a functional "technology demonstrator".

In 1997, an order for 25 Wright Crusader bodied Dennis Darts was delivered to Australian operator ACTION. Between 2003 and 2006, Hong Kong operator Kowloon Motor Bus received a total of 164 Wrightbus three axle double deckers; 100 of them were on Volvo Super Olympian and 64 of them were on Volvo B9TL chassis. In 2009, Kowloon Motor Bus had ordered a total of 291 buses, including one demonstrator with two axle, and all buses were in service in 2012. In 2010, the first of 450 Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 bodied Volvo B9TLs was delivered to SBS Transit, Singapore till end 2012. In 2011, Wrightbus International was established. A contract was awarded by SBS Transit for 565 Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 bodied Volvo B9TLs and delivered since January 2013 till June 2015. In November 2012, a contract for 50 Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 bodied Volvos was awarded by Kowloon Motor Bus. These were sent in knock down kit (ckd) form from Northern Ireland and assembled in China and followed by another 85, including two 12.8 metre long demonstrators. In September 2013, Wrightbus entered into a partnership with Daimler Buses to manufacture buses in Chennai, India. In March 2014, orders were secured from Hong Kong operators Citybus and New World First Bus for 51 Volvo B9TLs. These are being sent in CKD form from Northern Ireland and assembled in Malaysia. In July 2014, SBS Transit ordered a further 415 Eclipse Gemini 2 bodied Volvo B9TLs which will be delivered from August 2015 till 2017, increasing the total to 1,430 by 2017. A single Eclipse Gemini 3 bodied Volvo B8L prototype was exported to Singapore for trial with SBS Transit but was subsequently sold to A&S Transit, a private bus operator in Singapore.<ref>

Name Chassis Decks Notes GB Hawk Integral 1 Diesel propulsion only GB Kite Integral 1 Electric or hydrogen propulsion only. Gemini 3 Volvo B5TL, B5LH, B8L 2 Bodywork on Volvo chassis; Volvo B5LH is a hybrid propulsion chassis StreetDeck Integral 2 StreetLite Integral 1 Available in DF (door forward, door is in part of the bus extending in front of front wheels) or WF (wheel forward, wheels are right at the front and door is behind them).

NameChassisNotesAxcess FlolineScania L94UBAxcess Ultralow Scania L113CRLCadetDAF/VDL SB120Also sold as the Volvo MeritCityrangerMercedes Benz O405CommanderDAF/VDL SB200Consort Leyland 9 13R RoadrunnerPossibly bodied other chassisContour Bedford Y SeriesPossibly bodied other chassis. Coach BodyCrusaderDennis Dart SLF, Volvo B6LECrusader 2 was only available on Volvo B6LEEclipse MetroVolvo B7LEclipse Urban, 2 and 3Volvo B8RLEReplaced by the Wright GB Hawk and Wright GB Kite. Eclipse FusionVolvo B7LAArticulated busEclipse CommuterVolvo B7RLEEclipse SchoolRunVolvo B7REndeavourLeyland Tiger, Scania K93ElectrocityDAF/VDL SB120Hybrid busEnduranceVolvo B10B, Scania N113CRBFusionVolvo B10LAHandybusDennis Dart, Leyland SwiftLiberatorVolvo B10LMeridianMAN A22Nimbus Mercedes Benz T2, Renault S75MinibusPathfinderDennis Lance SLF, Scania N113CRLPulsarVDL SB200Was available in HEV form. RenownVolvo B10BLERoyale Leyland LeopardSolarScania L94UBSolar FusionScania L94UAArticulated busTT Bedford chassisStreetAirIntegralFully electric powered midibus, can be DF (door forward, chassis based on StreetDeck)or WF (wheel forward, based on StreetLite)StreetCarVolvo B7LA, HessArticulated busStreetVibeIntegralA shorter and narrower version of the StreetLite launched in 2014 to compete with the Optare Solo SR Slimline (wheel forward)UrbanrangerMercedes Benz OH141

Name Chassis Notes Eclipse Gemini Volvo B7TL, two axle B9TL & B5LH Eclipse Gemini 2 Volvo B9TL, B8L, B5LH Production for two axle version ceased in 2013/2014. Explorer Volvo Super Olympian Gemini 2 Integral with VDL modules Comes in the DL & HEV variants Pulsar Gemini DAF/VDL DB250 Pulsar Gemini HEV VDL DB250 Hybrid New Routemaster Integral Produced exclusively for TfL between 2012 and 2017. Hybrid bus. SRMVolvo B5LHA more basic spin off of the New Routemaster, with fewer distinctive features