Жанна д’Арк: От видений к костру.

1999 film by Luc Besson

As a child, Joan of Arc had a violent and supernatural vision. She returns home to find her village burning. Her older sister, Catherine, tries to protect her by hiding her from the attacking English forces. While hiding, Joan witnesses the brutal murder and rape of her sister. In shock, Joan is taken in by distant relatives. Several years later in Chinon, the Dauphin and soon to be King of France, Charles VII, receives a message from the now teenager Joan, asking him to provide an army to lead into battle against the occupying English. After meeting him and his mother in law Yolande of Aragon, she describes her visions. Desperate, he believes her prophecy. Clad in armour, Joan leads the French armies to the besieged city of Orléans. She gives the English a chance to surrender, which they refuse. The armies' commanders, skeptical of Joan's leadership, initiate the next morning's battle to take over the stockade at St. Loup without her. By the time she arrives on the battlefield, the French soldiers are retreating. Joan ends the retreat and leads another charge, successfully capturing the fort. They proceed to the enemy stronghold called the Tourelles. Joan gives the English another chance to surrender, but they refuse. She leads the French attack on the Tourelles, although the English defenders inflict heavy casualties, severely wounding Joan. Nevertheless, Joan leads a second attack the following day, and the stronghold is captured. As the English army regroups, the French army moves to face them across an open field. Joan rides alone toward the English and offers them a final chance to surrender and return to England. The English accept her offer and retreat. Joan returns to Reims to witness the coronation of Charles VII of France. Her military campaigns continue to the walls of Paris, although she does not receive her requested reinforcements, and the siege is a failure. Joan asks King Charles VII for another army, but he refuses, saying he now prefers diplomacy over warfare. Believing she threatens his position and will require the expenditure of treasure, Charles conspires to get rid of Joan by having her captured by enemy forces. She is taken prisoner by the pro English Burgundians at Compiègne, who sell her to the English. The English then held a trial in Rouen while placing her in shackles. Based on her claim of visions and signs from God, she is tried for heresy in an ecclesiastical court proceeding. The English wish to quickly condemn and execute Joan, for English soldiers are afraid to fight while she remains alive, based on their belief that she can supernaturally affect battles while in prison. Bishop Cauchon expresses his fear of wrongfully executing someone who might have received visions from God. Convicted, Joan is distraught that she will be executed without making a final confession. The Bishop tells her she must recant her visions before he can hear her confession. Joan signs the recantation. The relieved Bishop shows the paper to the English, asserting that Joan can no longer be burned as a heretic. While in her cell, Joan is confronted by her conscience and she questions whether she was actually receiving messages from God. The frustrated English devise another way to have Joan executed by the Church. English soldiers go into Joan's cell, rip her clothes and give her men's clothing to wear. The English claim she conjured a spell to make the new clothing appear and that she is a witch who must be burned. Although suspecting the English are lying, the Bishop abandons Joan to her fate and she is burned alive in the marketplace of Rouen. A postscript adds that she was canonised as a saint in the 20th century.

Luc Besson stated that he was not interested in narrating the history of Joan of Arc; rather, he wanted to pull a message from history that is relevant for today. Besson said that to achieve this, he stepped away from the factual narrative of the 15th century, instead trying to get behind the "exterior envelope", and into both the emotional effect and emotional affect of Joan. In the book, The Films of Luc Besson, Susan Hayward interpreted this as meaning Besson sought to follow Joan emotionally, revealing her doubts, and demonstrating that one cannot return intact from the experience of war. As medievalist Gwendolyn Morgan observed, Joan's sanity is a continuing theme throughout the film, beginning with the priest questioning her as a child, and ending with her conversations with "The Conscience" in the film's final scenes. Scholars view The Conscience as providing a postmodern explanation of Joan's visions. In Joan's time, her voices and visions would not have been doubted. The film was also said to have "feminist undercurrents". After Joan witnesses the rape of her sister, her crusade is said to become "a fight against male domination and the abuse of women". Writing in Exemplaria, Nickolas Haydock considered the witnessing of her sister's murder and rape to be an alternate psychological motivation for Joan to want to fight the English rather than just her visions. Haydock also considered a theme in the film to be the inability of the Church to fulfill individual spiritual needs. Haydock commented that Joan possesses a quick wit that she uses against the unrelenting accusatory questions provided by her "intellectual superiors" during the trial. Joan also manages to triumph in battle where those with more experience and knowledge could not, made especially apparent by her reverse use of a siege weapon to force open a gate. the matter was settled out of court. After Besson left, he began production of his own Joan of Arc project, The Messenger, with Jovovich given the lead role; the production of Company of Angels disbanded shortly thereafter. The Messenger was intended to follow the success Besson and Jovovich achieved with their previous collaboration, The Fifth Element. Filming took place in the Czech Republic. A stuntman died in an accident during the first weeks of filming. Besson was said to have become completely uncommunicative after the incident, appearing on set only to shout orders at people.

The soundtrack for the film was composed by Éric Serra, and released as an album via Sony Music Entertainment. It was Serra's eighth collaboration with director Luc Besson, having composed soundtracks for seven of Besson's previous films, including La Femme Nikita and Léon: The Professional. Dan Goldwasser of Soundtrack. net gave the soundtrack 4 stars out of 5, stating it was "very satisfying to listen to", although he expressed disappointment with the absence on the soundtrack of a particular piece of music present during Joan's discussion with The Conscience.

The scene in which Joan witnesses her sister's murder and posthumous rape by English soldiers in their village is entirely a fictional construction. Hayward credits Besson with showing the collaboration between the Burgundians and the English more accurately than previous filmmakers. Many lines during scenes of Joan's trial were taken verbatim from Joan's real trial transcript. On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 54, based on 33 reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reception. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film 2 stars out of 4, writing, "The movie is a mess: a gassy costume epic with nobody at the center." Ebert stated that the film may have been educational for the test audience participants who wrote, "Why does she have to die at the end? ", on their evaluation cards. In a review for Variety titled Vivid Action Can't Save Miscast 'Joan, Todd McCarthy praised the film's action scenes and technical aspects, including Thierry Arbogast's cinematography, although he gave an overall negative review. He criticised the casting of Jovovich, stating the only thing she brought to the film was "her strikingly tall and skinny physicality, which is not exactly how one has been led to picture [Joan]". Ron Wells from Film Threat, however, gave the film four stars out of five. Also praising the action scenes, Wells stated that the film's main strength was its "adult ambiguities and relationships"; its decision not to portray Joan as a "super hero", but rather to let the audience decide whether she was a prophet or merely bipolar, concluding, "This film, as most things that involve religion, is better understood if you learn not to take everything so literally".

The Messenger was released on DVD April 4, 2000. The DVD presents the film in its original 2.35:1 format, and contains several minutes of footage that did not appear in the U. S. theatrical version. It features English subtitles, interactive menus, "talent files", a two page production booklet, a 24 minute HBO First Look special titled The Messenger: The Search for the Real Joan of Arc, the film's theatrical trailer, as well as trailers for Run Lola Run, Léon: The Professional and Orlando. The DVD also contains Éric Serra's original score for the film, which is presented in Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound, as is the film itself. While criticizing the film itself, Heather Picker of DVD Talk gave a favorable review of the DVD release. The Blu ray was released December 2, 2008. A review at Blu Ray. com also gave a favorable review of both the audio and visual quality, stating "I don't think that there is much here one could be dissatisfied with". High Def Digest, however, gave a more negative review. While praising the audio quality, the lack of special features was criticised, as was the video quality, which was described as being "smothered" with edge enhancement. The reviewer concluded, "Sony is practically begging people not to buy it."