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Введение
USS Hartford – военный пароход, первый корабль Военно-морского флота США, названный в честь Хартфорда, столицы штата Коннектикут. «Хартфорд» принимал участие в нескольких крупных кампаниях Гражданской войны в США в качестве флагманского корабля Дэвида Г. Фаррагута, наиболее известной из которых была битва в Мобайл-Бей в 1864 году. Корабль просуществовал до 1956 года, когда затонул, ожидая реставрации в Норфолке, штат Вирджиния.
Gunboat of the United States Navy
USS Hartford, a sloop of war steamer, was the first ship of the United States Navy named for Hartford, the capital of Connecticut. Hartford served in several prominent campaigns in the American Civil War as the flagship of David G. Farragut, most notably the Battle of Mobile Bay in 1864. She survived until 1956, when she sank awaiting restoration at Norfolk, Virginia.
Восточно-индийская эскадра, 1859-1861
Хартфорд был спущен на воду 22 ноября 1858 года на Бостонской военно-морской верфи; крещение корабля провели мисс Кэрри Даунс, мисс Лиззи Стрингем и лейтенант Г. Дж. Х. Пребл; и введен в строй 27 мая 1859 года под командованием капитана Чарльза Лоундеса. После ходовых испытаний из Бостона новый винтовой шлюп, перевозивший флаг-офицера Корнелиуса К. Стриблинга, недавно назначенного командующим Эскадры Восточной Индии, отплыл к мысу Доброй Надежды и на Дальний Восток. По прибытии в Азию, "Хартфорд" сменил "Миссисипи" на посту флагманского корабля. В ноябре он принял на борт американского министра в Китае Джона Эллиотта Уорда в Гонконге и доставил его в Кантон, Манилу, Сватов, Шанхай и другие порты Дальнего Востока для урегулирования американских претензий и обеспечения благоприятного рассмотрения интересов страны.
Hartford was launched 22 November 1858 at the Boston Navy Yard; sponsored by Miss Carrie Downes, Miss Lizzie Stringham, and Lieutenant G. J. H. Preble; and commissioned 27 May 1859, Captain Charles Lowndes in command. After shakedown out of Boston, the new screw sloop of war, carrying Flag Officer Cornelius K. Stribling, the newly appointed commander of the East India Squadron, sailed for the Cape of Good Hope and the Far East. Upon reaching the Orient, Hartford relieved Mississippi as flagship. In November she embarked the American Minister to China, John Elliott Ward, at Hong Kong and carried him to Canton, Manila, Swatow, Shanghai, and other Far Eastern ports to settle American claims and to arrange for favorable consideration of the Nation's interests.
Гражданская война, 18611865
С началом Гражданской войны в Америке "Хартфорд" был приказан вернуться домой. Он вышел из Сунда-пролива вместе с "Дакотой" 30 августа 1861 года и прибыл в Филадельфию 2 декабря для перевооружения и подготовки к военной службе. 28 января он покинул Делавэрские Кейпы в качестве флагманского корабля флаг-офицера Дэвида Г. Фаррагута, командующего новообразованной Блокадной эскадрой Западного залива. (См. также: Конфедеративная почтовая блокада.) За назначением Фаррагута стояла задача еще более важная, чем блокада побережья южных штатов. В конце 1861 года командование Союза решило захватить Новый Орлеан, самый богатый и густонаселенный город Юга, чтобы начать наступление морской силы вверх по реке Миссисипи навстречу армии Союза, которая должна была продвигаться вниз по долине Миссисипи, поддерживаемая авангардом бронированных канонерских лодок. "Другие операции", – предупредил Фаррагута министр ВМС Гидеон Уэллс, – "не должны мешать главной цели – безоговорочному захвату города Новый Орлеан". "Хартфорд" прибыл 20 февраля на остров Шип в Миссисипи, расположенный между Мобильным заливом и устьями Миссисипи. Несколько кораблей Союза и несколько армейских подразделений уже находились в этом районе, когда флагманский корабль эскадры бросил якорь в передовом пункте подготовки к атаке на Новый Орлеан. В последующие недели был собран мощный флот для проведения кампании. В середине марта флотилия миноносных шхун под командованием Дэвида Диксона Портера прибыла, буксируемая паровыми канонерскими лодками. Когда Фаррагут прибыл на место через несколько дней, он узнал, что тяжелая артиллерия южан, установленная на скале в Виксбурге на высоте около 61 метра над рекой, могла обстреливать его корабли, в то время как его собственные орудия не могли быть наведены под достаточным углом для ответного огня. Поскольку недостаточно войск для штурма крепости, флаг-офицер направился вниз по течению 27 мая, оставив канонерские лодки для блокады с юга. Он возглавил флот, состоящий из четырех бронированных мониторов и 14 деревянных судов. В составе военно-морских сил Конфедерации был недавно построенный таран "CSS Tennessee".
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Hartford was ordered home. She departed the Sunda Strait with Dacotah on 30 August 1861 and arrived Philadelphia on 2 December to be fitted out for wartime service. She departed the Delaware Capes on 28 January as flagship of Flag Officer David G. Farragut, the commander of the newly created West Gulf Blockading Squadron. (See also: Confederate blockade mail.) An even larger purpose than the important blockade of the South's Gulf Coast lay behind Farragut's assignment. Late in 1861, the Union high command decided to capture New Orleans, the South's richest and most populous city, to begin a drive of sea based power up the Mississippi River to meet the Union Army which was to drive down the Mississippi valley behind a spearhead of armored gunboats. "Other operations," Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles warned Farragut, "must not be allowed to interfere with the great object in view—the certain capture of the city of New Orleans." Hartford arrived 20 February at Ship Island, Mississippi, midway between Mobile Bay and the mouths of the Mississippi. Several Union ships and a few Army units were already in the vicinity when the squadron's flagship dropped anchor at the advanced staging area for the attack on New Orleans. In ensuing weeks a mighty fleet assembled for the campaign. In mid March Commander David Dixon Porter's flotilla of mortar schooners arrived towed by steam gunboats. When Farragut arrived on the scene a few days later, he learned that heavy Southern guns mounted on the bluff at Vicksburg some 200 feet (61 m) above the river could shell his ships while his own guns could not be elevated enough to hit them back. Since sufficient troops were not available to take the fortress by storm, the Flag Officer headed downstream on 27 May leaving gunboats to blockade it from below. led a fleet consisting of four ironclad monitors and 14 wooden vessels. The Confederate naval force was composed of newly built ram CSS Tennessee,
Twelve of Hartfords sailors were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay. These men were:
She served as training ship until 24 October 1912 when she was transferred to Charleston, for use as a station ship.
Двенадцать моряков с "Хартфорда" были награждены Медалью Почета за свои действия в битве при Мобильном заливе. Эти моряки были:
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Hartford was ordered home. She departed the Sunda Strait with Dacotah on 30 August 1861 and arrived Philadelphia on 2 December to be fitted out for wartime service. She departed the Delaware Capes on 28 January as flagship of Flag Officer David G. Farragut, the commander of the newly created West Gulf Blockading Squadron. (See also: Confederate blockade mail.) An even larger purpose than the important blockade of the South's Gulf Coast lay behind Farragut's assignment. Late in 1861, the Union high command decided to capture New Orleans, the South's richest and most populous city, to begin a drive of sea based power up the Mississippi River to meet the Union Army which was to drive down the Mississippi valley behind a spearhead of armored gunboats. "Other operations," Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles warned Farragut, "must not be allowed to interfere with the great object in view—the certain capture of the city of New Orleans." Hartford arrived 20 February at Ship Island, Mississippi, midway between Mobile Bay and the mouths of the Mississippi. Several Union ships and a few Army units were already in the vicinity when the squadron's flagship dropped anchor at the advanced staging area for the attack on New Orleans. In ensuing weeks a mighty fleet assembled for the campaign. In mid March Commander David Dixon Porter's flotilla of mortar schooners arrived towed by steam gunboats. When Farragut arrived on the scene a few days later, he learned that heavy Southern guns mounted on the bluff at Vicksburg some 200 feet (61 m) above the river could shell his ships while his own guns could not be elevated enough to hit them back. Since sufficient troops were not available to take the fortress by storm, the Flag Officer headed downstream on 27 May leaving gunboats to blockade it from below. led a fleet consisting of four ironclad monitors and 14 wooden vessels. The Confederate naval force was composed of newly built ram CSS Tennessee,
Twelve of Hartfords sailors were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay. These men were:
She served as training ship until 24 October 1912 when she was transferred to Charleston, for use as a station ship.
Он служил учебным судном до 24 октября 1912 года, когда был переведен в Чарльстон для использования в качестве стационарного корабля.
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Hartford was ordered home. She departed the Sunda Strait with Dacotah on 30 August 1861 and arrived Philadelphia on 2 December to be fitted out for wartime service. She departed the Delaware Capes on 28 January as flagship of Flag Officer David G. Farragut, the commander of the newly created West Gulf Blockading Squadron. (See also: Confederate blockade mail.) An even larger purpose than the important blockade of the South's Gulf Coast lay behind Farragut's assignment. Late in 1861, the Union high command decided to capture New Orleans, the South's richest and most populous city, to begin a drive of sea based power up the Mississippi River to meet the Union Army which was to drive down the Mississippi valley behind a spearhead of armored gunboats. "Other operations," Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles warned Farragut, "must not be allowed to interfere with the great object in view—the certain capture of the city of New Orleans." Hartford arrived 20 February at Ship Island, Mississippi, midway between Mobile Bay and the mouths of the Mississippi. Several Union ships and a few Army units were already in the vicinity when the squadron's flagship dropped anchor at the advanced staging area for the attack on New Orleans. In ensuing weeks a mighty fleet assembled for the campaign. In mid March Commander David Dixon Porter's flotilla of mortar schooners arrived towed by steam gunboats. When Farragut arrived on the scene a few days later, he learned that heavy Southern guns mounted on the bluff at Vicksburg some 200 feet (61 m) above the river could shell his ships while his own guns could not be elevated enough to hit them back. Since sufficient troops were not available to take the fortress by storm, the Flag Officer headed downstream on 27 May leaving gunboats to blockade it from below. led a fleet consisting of four ironclad monitors and 14 wooden vessels. The Confederate naval force was composed of newly built ram CSS Tennessee,
Twelve of Hartfords sailors were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay. These men were:
She served as training ship until 24 October 1912 when she was transferred to Charleston, for use as a station ship.