План Orsec Novi: Организация спасательных операций при массовых жертвах.

The Orsec Novi plan (, \\), or short Novi plan (, \\), is a French emergency plan used for a mass casualty incident (mascal), i. e. if an emergency has a significant number of casualties in a limited area Its aim is to organize the rescue resources to cope with the concentrated casualties. It was formerly called red plan (, \\); "Orsec" stands for "rescue management" (organisation des secours), and "novi" for "multiple casualties" (nombreuses victimes). It is different from the French white plan , which is designed to face a sudden and unpredicted rise of the activity of a hospital. Since 2007, it is part from the Orsec plan , which is generally designed to face insufficient emergency resources. In a Novi plan, the emergency resources are sufficient. The difficulty is coordinating them. The white plan is often launched along with the Novi plan in order to face the massive arrival of casualties evacuated by the Novi plan. The Novi plan is based on four concepts:
The resources should be rationally organized: The resources should not hamper each other, or deplete resources needed by another emergency. This implies coordination of the different forces (firefighters, samu/emergency medical service, police), and assignment of roles (hierarchical sorting);
There should be two chains of rescue, one focused on managing the site, the other focused on caring for the casualties;
A field hospital (or advanced medical post) should be installed next to the casualties, to perform triage and stabilisation before the evacuation;
There should be two commands, one on site that deals with the management of the rescue operations, the other in a remote site (usually the préfecture) that deals with the reinforcement, the logistics

The "plan rouge" was created in 1978 by the fire brigade of Paris (Brigade des sapeurs pompiers de Paris, BSPP), after explosions during an urban fire (rue Raynouard, Paris 16e), that resulted in 13 dead and a great number of casualties. The name "red plan" refers to the traditional color of the French firefighters, and to the color of danger (blood/fire). It was then extended to the whole French territory by 28 October 1986 the circulaire (ministerial instruction) #86 318 (ministry of Interior/French Home Office). The red plan is defined by each département and thus can slightly vary from a dépertement to the other, but all the red plans are very similar. Following the 2004 Madrid train bombings and the 7 July 2005 London bombings, the French authorities considere the possibility of several simultaneous terrorist acts and create the "plan rouge alpha" (alpha red plan). It is implemented for the first time for the November 2015 Paris attacks. Since 2007, the plan rouge is a specific case of the plan Orsec.

The préfet of the département (or the préfet de police for Paris and its suburbs) is the director of rescue operations (DOS: directeur des opérations de secours). He starts the Novi plan; usually, the Novi plan is started by the firefighter or medical dispatch and then officialized by the préfet. The chief officer of the local fire and rescue department (SDIS: service départemental d'incendie et de secours) is the "commander of the rescue operations" (COS: commandant des opérations de secours). He is assisted by the "director of fire and rescue" (DSIS: directeur des secours incendie et sauvetage), and by the "director of medical rescue" (DSM: directeur des secours médicaux). The DSM is usually the chief physician of the firefighters or the director of samu (French EMS). The main resources are the firefighters and Samu, but other organisations can contribute, such as the first aid associations (e. g. French Red Cross, volunteers of the civil protection/FNPC), who can contribute to the non medical evacuations or deal with the relative emergencies, light wounded people and logistic for psychological aid (CUMP: cellule d'urgence médico psychologique).

The commander of rescue operation (COS) coordinates the rescue resources on site (public, private or associations). He must be easily spotted and has thus a yellow chasuble like jacket on his clothes, with the inscription "Commandant les Opérations de Secours". He has an operational headquarters (PCO: poste de commandement opérationnel) near the site of the disaster. The OHQ has communications with all the resources and administrations, including the police.

The director of medical rescue (DSM) manages the medical chain described below. He has a yellow chasuble like jacket with the inscription Directeur des Secours Médicaux.

The scoop follows of the extraction/extrication operations. It the responsibility of a firefighter officer. The casualties are transported by a stretcher chain (noria) to the advanced medical post (field hospital). This officer has a red chasuble like jacket with the inscription "Directeur des Secours Médicaux", and the personal have a red armband. This part is also called "scoop noria" or "small noria".

The mission of the evacuation part is to gather and manage the patient evacuation resources, according to the needs expressed by the chief physician of the PMA. This area is managed by a firefighter officer. The evacuation resources can be firefighter rescue vehicles, private ambulance societies, vehicles from an association, helicopters, etc. The staff takes care that the instructions given by the chief physician are obeyed. The officer of this zone has a blue chasuble like jacket with the inscription "évacuation", and the staff members have a blue armband. This part is also called "evacuation noria" or "great noria".