Ракета Р-27: Конструкция, Испытания и Модификации.

The R 27 missiles were deployed on the Yankee I submarines, including the K 219.

The missile's body is an all welded construction made of hard worked AMg6 (АМг6) aluminium magnesium alloy panels, which underwent a two step process of deep industrial etching and mechanical milling, reducing the plate thickness to one fifth and one ninth of the thickness of the original plate. The outer surface of the missile was covered with a protective heat and moisture resistant Asbestos based coating. In order to fit the R 27 into the corresponding launch tube, the missile was built without fins, but instead has several rows of rubber shock absorbers to keep the missile's skin from scratching along the side of the launch tube when fired. The missile's tip featured a single, 650 kg detachable warhead with a yield of 1 MT. A high explosive linear shaped charge was used to separate the warhead from the missile. Directly beneath the warhead, the instrumentation necessary for guidance of the missile was housed inside of a hemispherical compartment formed by the upper bulkhead of the oxidiser tank. This design decision allowed the easy removal of the guidance system from the missile for maintenance and removed the need for a service hatch. To maximize the volume of propellant available inside the missile, the upper oxidiser tank and the lower fuel tank shared one common bulkhead instead of one bulkhead each as it was absolutely necessary to use every bit of volume available to be able to fit the missile into a submarine. Another novelty was factory fueling with the subsequent "ampulization" of the tanks by welding filling and drain valves. Initial submarine testing began on 9 December 1972 on board the K 102, a project 605 class submarine, a modified Project 629/ NATO Golf class lengthened 17.1m (formerly B 121), to accommodate four launch tubes as well as the Rekord 2 fire control system, the Kasatka B 605 Target acquisition system and various improvements to the navigation and communications systems. Initial trials ended on 18 December 1972 because the Rekord 2 fire control system hadn't been delivered yet. After a number of delays caused by several malfunctions, test firings were finally carried out between 11 September and 4 December 1973. Following the initial trials, the K 102 continued making trial launches with both the R 27 and the R 27K, until it was accepted for service on 15 August 1975. Launch Date Payload Description 1. December 1991 Sprint Module Research on superconductivity. 9. Dezember 1992 Efir Module Biotechnological research regarding electrophoresis. The 650 kg re entry capsule was recovered intact, but the experiment had failed to perform. 1. Dezember 1993 Efir Module Biotechnological research regarding electrophoresis. The 650 kg re entry capsule was recovered intact, experiment successful.

In 1992, the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau signed a contract with North Korea regarding the creation of a R 27 derived launch vehicle. As a result of this, the very similar North Korean Hwasong 10 "Musudan" IRBM was derived from the R 27, the only major change from the original being a slightly extended fuselage. Prototypes of this missile were allegedly completed in 2000.

The Soviet Navy was the only operator of the R 27. Iran Operates the Khorramshahr, a heavily modified design based on the R 27. North Korea possibly operates the Hwasong 10, a modified variant of the R 27, some sources suggest North Korea might have abandoned development of the design due to its complexity.