Язык гару: Секретное письмо японской молодежи

Style of Japanese writing amongst urban youth

"gyaru; gal's alphabet"; ギャル文字 or "poor handwriting"; 下手文字; heta moji is a style of obfuscated (cant) Japanese writing popular amongst urban Japanese youth. As the name gyaru moji suggests (gyaru meaning "gal"), this writing system was created by and remains primarily employed by young women. Several online guides for gyaru moji exist, as well as one published book: Shibuya Heta Moji Fukyū Iinkai (2004).

Like leet, gyaru moji replaces characters with visually similar characters or combinations of characters. The Japanese language consists of traditional characters of Chinese origin, kanji, and two native syllabic scripts called kana: hiragana and katakana. These characters and scripts are altered to form hidden messages. Hiragana consisting of connected strokes are replaced by symbols or Greek letters: for example, (す) may be rendered as the section symbol §. Hiragana consisting of detached elements are replaced by sequences of kana, Western letters, or symbols. For example, (ほ) may be typed as |ま (vertical bar and hiragana ma) or (ま (open parenthesis and ma), (け) may be typed as レナ (katakana re na), Iナ (capital i, na), or († (open parenthesis, dagger), and (た) may be typed as ナ= (katakana na, equals sign) or †こ (dagger, hiragana ko). Katakana is frequently replaced by similar looking kanji, such as 世 for (セ) or 干 for (チ), in a reversal of the process that turned man'yōgana into kana. Kana and rōmaji may be mixed freely, even within a word, and Latin letters in rōmaji may be replaced with similar looking Cyrillic letters, such as replacing N with И (Cyrillic I). Compound kanji are decomposed into left and right elements, which are written as individual kanji or kana. For example, the kanji 好 in 好き, meaning "like, enjoy" may be split into 女子 (the kanji for woman and child, respectively). In addition to the basic obfuscation provided by character replacement, another technique used to disguise the content of the message is to use vocabulary and grammar that is uncharacteristic of standard usage. Combined with character substitution, this can make the meaning of the message almost unintelligible to those not "in the know". This is analogous to the use of leet's specialized grammar. However, the flexible nature of the Japanese language means that although gyaru moji phrases sound peculiar to someone expecting formal or even commonly colloquial Japanese, they are often technically still grammatically correct. For example, the sentence (「私は今とても良い気分です。」) is "Right now I am feeling very good." in standard normal polite Japanese. By first rewording this as 「超気持ちいい！」 or 「チョーキモチイイ！」 (Chōkimochi ii!) – which roughly translates as "(I have a) Super good feeling!" – and then converting to gyaru moji to get 「走召 氣 持 ち ぃ ぃ !」 or 「于∋─≠モ于ｲｲ！」, the message could prove difficult for those not versed in the style to understand.

Usual Japanese writingGyaru mojiMeaning (おはよう)才（よчｏぅGood morning (ポケモン)尓o ヶ 毛 ωPokémon (タケシが好き)I like Takeshi.

As a youth culture element produced by women, gyaru moji is not well received by the older Japanese public. From a traditionalist perspective, gyaru moji rejects the elegant, painstaking brushstrokes of Japanese writing embraced by the art of Japanese calligraphy. From a contemporary perspective, gyaru moji may be likened to other, comical recent scripts, such as the bubble like maru moji from the 1980s. Since its widespread use in the early 2000s, television programs and public attention has taken note of gyaru moji. However, this innovative writing system subverts cultural norms and breaks linguistic barriers, characterizing gyaru moji with a rebellious nature.