UNITEL: История боливийского телевидения

Bolivian commercial television network

UNITEL (UNIVERSAL DE TELEVISIÓN) The company broadcasts sports, entertainment, political programs, and daily news programs nationwide in the South American country. The station is owned by Empresa de Comunicaciones del Oriente (Ecor), Ltda., which also owns two radio stations, the Bolivian branch of Radio Disney and since 2023, Eres Radio, specialized in love songs. The legal name of the main Unitel station is still Canal 9 Teleoriente. Grupo Monasterio owns 100% of the shares of Ecor. At the time of founding, TSB achieved the license to broadcast in La Paz on channel 2. The channel was the opposite of ATB (channel 9) in some way, as the channel provided "quality programming" over political preferences. Experimental broadcasts started on February 12, 1985, before becoming regular on April 14, 1985, being owned by Antonio Maldonado. On weekdays the channel broadcast for seventeen hours on average (7am to 12am) and twelve on weekends (11am to 11pm). TSB's main accolades were becoming the first television channel in Bolivia to broadcast 18 hours a day and the first to produce three news editions (morning, midday, evening) in contrast to Televisión Boliviana and ATB, which only started in the afternoon and produced only one news bulletin, which gave the station some success. It was also the first channel to produce news bulletins in the Aymara language, broadcast at 6am, presented by Donato Ayma and with a smaller recap in the same language late at night. TSB set up an affiliate in Oruro in 1989, TVO, which also broadcast on channel 2. TSB took part in a CNN initiative in 1990 for Earth Day. The report sent to the channel was about the destruction of Bolivia's rainforests. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the station was Teleoriente, which started broadcasting on channel 9 in February 1987. The station had small facilities, but had the ambitions to overcome limitations in the human resources and broadcasting sectors. In 2001, Unitel achieved the exclusive rights to air the 2002 and 2006 editions of the FIFA World Cup. In April 2007, Unitel announced the shift to an entirely tapeless system and a new transmitter for Cochabamba. The transmitters manufactured by Harris for the stations in Santa Cruz and La Paz were working without major flaws since 1996. By 2007, Unitel had become one of Bolivia's three leading television networks, the other two being ATB and Red Uno. At the time, it had an exclusivity contract with TV Globo to air telenovelas from its catalog. From 2003 to 2007, the network had broadcast eleven titles: Esperança, O Dono do Mundo, O Rei do Gado, Mulheres Apaixonadas, O Clone, Celebridade, Senhora do Destino, Presença de Anita, América, Belíssima and Cobras e Lagartos. The contract lied mainly in the quality of its telenovelas, in contrast to those produced by Televisa, which were preferred by the lower class. In July 2007, the network was airing Belíssima at 9pm, after the evening edition of Telepaís. The offices of the Oruro station were damaged in August 2008 by a youth group with connections to Movimiento al Socialismo, forcing the station to stop producing the local edition of Telepaís the following month owing to lack of guarantees to assure its work. Osvaldo Monasterio, founded of Unitel, died on 23 August 2011 in Buenos Aires. At the time of his death, he was the channel's highest executive. Unitel's market share in 2011 according to the IN magazine (given as certain by other publications in April 2012) was of 36% (in the trunk axis), far ahead of Red Uno (21%), ATB (13%), PAT (8%), Bolivisión (8%) and Bolivia TV (6%). In late January 2015, Unitel removed The Simpsons from its schedule in favor of the local edition of Calle 7, prompting protests in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, La Paz and Cochabamba against its removal. Within days, Unitel announced that the series would return to the channel from March 9 in its usual timeslot, which was between 4 and 6pm. From 2 April 2018, the channel launched its own high definition signal within the Bolivian digital terrestrial television system in test phase, until 15 April, when broadcasts officially started under the name of Unitel HD. In June 2018, the channel broadcast live 32 matches of the 2018 Russia World Cup in HD, becoming channel in Bolivia to do so. In March 2021, Unitel removed all series that aired past midnight (being replaced by Pare de Sufrir). In the midst of the broadcast of the subnational elections, Unitel signed with WarnerMedia and Sony Pictures, broadcasting the series The Looney Tunes Show, Tom and Jerry, the Justice League and the library of Columbia Pictures, as well as Sony Pictures Animation. In May 2022, Ernesto Moreno left Unitel and joined Tigo Sports Bolivia. Thanks to a strategic alliance signed in September 2022 with Canal Rural from Brazil, a localized version of the channel, Canal Rural Bolivia, launched on September 16, 2022, available on cable television providers and on Unitel's website.

The channel has owned the broadcasting rights for sporting events such as the Bolivian Professional Football League and the World Cups since 2002. However, it does not broadcast any league matches live, but rather resells the broadcasting rights to cable companies in Bolivia. In 2008, it broadcast the matches on cable in the trunk axis (Santa Cruz, La Paz, Cochabamba) and over the air in the rest of the country.

The channel also broadcast various beauty pageants, such as Miss Santa Cruz, Miss Bolivia, Reina Hispanoamericana, Miss Universe and Miss World from 2001 to 2017. Since 2006, Unitel began broadcasting 24 hours of daily programming, though it wasn't the first channel to do so channel 5 in La Paz had done a similar attempt in 1985 and channel 11, from 1996 to 1999. Since August 2014, the channel broadcasts the TVN's specialized gaming license program, called Calle 7 Bolivia. At the end of February 2016, La Fábrica de Estrellas – Star Academy, a singing reality show produced in association with Endemol and hosted by Anabel Angus and Angélica Mérida. As of 16 July 2018, Red Unitel premieres Despéiname la vida, the first telenovela fiction produced in Bolivia. This teleseries is broadcast in prime time with Grisel Quiroga, Ronico Cuellar and Susy Diab as the main stars. In the context of the COVID 19 pandemic in Bolivia, the channel did not stop broadcasting Calle 7. The channel was forced to suspend broadcasts of the show on 3 April 2020. Unitel started streaming its foreign telenovelas on its website in December 2020, in line with the revamp of its website. On 11 July 2022, the transmission of MasterChef Bolivia begins, under the MasterChef kitchen franchise. A second season premiered on 17 July 2023.

Unitel launched a daily afternoon children's program, Chispitas, in 1998, presented by Fabiola Landivar, Angelica Mérida and the Chispitas doll, named after the show. It emulated the format of ATB's Sipiripi, before gaining an identity of its own, replacing the doll with a group of children doing choreographies and games. The format was replaced by Unitoons in the early 2000s, with most of the presenters returning, becoming a huge success. It ended in June 2005, being replaced by Chicostation.

Following the rise of Evo Morales, Unitel started taking a stance against the ruling government led by Movimiento al Socialismo. The network is known for its high advertising costs (in contrast to the ones practiced by Red Uno), over reliance on exclusive news items (particularly crimes) and heavy attention to agricultural businessmen, often disguised as "public interest information". The channel is frequently nicknamed "Unicruel" by viewers who show strong criticism.

On June 23, 2008, following a referendum in the department of Tarija, the building of Unitel's affiliate in Yacuiba was targeted by miners on strike, launching dynamite to the facilities. In August 2009, Peter Nava was absolved and police found no evidence that justified the crime.