Соломонский доллар: история и современность

Currency of the Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands dollar (ISO 4217 code: SBD) is the currency of Solomon Islands since 1977. Its symbol is $, with SI$ used to differentiate it from other currencies also using the dollar sign. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

Prior to the Solomon Islands Dollar, Solomon Islands used the Australian pound. However, the Solomon Islands had also issued its own banknotes, sometimes called the Solomon Islands pound. When the Solomon Islands fell under the control of Imperial Japan during the Second World War, the Oceanian pound, a so called "Japanese Invasion Currency", became the official currency until after the war ended and the Pound was restored. In 1966, the Australian dollar replaced the pound and was circulated in the Solomon Islands until 1976, shortly before independence. The Solomon Islands dollar was introduced in 1977, replacing the Australian dollar at par, following independence. Until 1979, the two dollars remained equal, then for five months the SI$ was pegged at SI$1 = (apparently revalued to reduce imported inflation), and later floated. Economic stagnation ensued, so over the next 28 years, and especially during the civil war of 2000–2003, inflationary pressure reduced the Solomon Islands dollar to be worth 15 Australian cents. In 2008, due to the low valuation in the currency, many Islanders took to hoarding coins and giving them to children as souvenirs, causing a coin shortage. Some more traditional monetary forms, such as dolphin teeth, have in a few areas taken the place of coins. A public awareness campaign was launched to encourage people to cash in excess coins at the bank to help alleviate the shortfall.

In 1977, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents and 1 dollar. The cent coins were all the same sizes, weights, and compositions as the corresponding Australian coins, with the 1 dollar an equilaterally curved seven sided coin minted in cupro nickel. The reverse of each of the six original coins depicts the image of an item or symbol important to native culture, with the most notable being the 10 cent piece depicting Ngoreru, a local sea god from the Temoto region. In 1985, bronze plated steel replaced bronze in the 1 and 2 cents, with nickel clad steel replacing cupro nickel in the 20 cents in 1989, and the 5 and 10 cents in 1990. 1988 saw the introduction of 50 cent coins, which were dodecagonal (twelve sided) and minted in cupro nickel. The 1988 50 cent was a commemorative piece celebrating the tenth anniversary of independence. Later issues simply depict the national crest. The 50 cent and 1 dollar went to nickel clad steel in 2008. With a high national inflation rate, the low value 1 and 2 cent coins fell out of use, with prices rounded off to the nearest 5 cents instead.

In 2012, new, smaller coins were introduced in denominations 10, 20, and 50 cents in nickel plated steel and brass 1, and 2 dollar coins. The minting of the older coins had become too costly, with most of them being more expensive to produce than they were worth. Like the previous issue, these coins were minted by the Royal Australian Mint. The 2 dollar coin replaced the banknote while the 1, 2, and 5 cent coins were discontinued for having face value too low for production or practical use. Most notably, the 1 and 2 dollar coins have a close similarity to the 1 and 2 dollar coins of Australia being of nearly the same thickness, color, and circumference. The interrupted reeding on the edges are also identical to that of their Australian counterparts, however, the metallurgical compositions and weights are slightly different and respective denominations are on the opposite sizes. All the coins of Solomon Islands currently bear the portrait of the country's former head of state, Elizabeth II, Queen of Solomon Islands.