Солянум американский: описание и синонимия

Species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae
Speciesbox
|image = Solanum americanum (4899345876). jpg
|genus = Solanum
|species = americanum
|authority = Mill. |synonyms = *Solanum adventitium Polgar
Solanum amarantoides Dunal
Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds
Solanum caribaeum Dunal
Solanum curtipes Bitter
Solanum depilatum Bitter
Solanum ganchouenense H. Lév. Solanum gollmeri Bitter
Solanum humile Lam. Solanum imerinense Bitter
Solanum inconspicuum Bitter
Solanum indecorum Rich. Solanum inops Dunal
Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter
Solanum minutibaccatum var. curtipedunculatum Bitter
Solanum nigrum L.
Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O. E. Schulz
Solanum nigrum var. atriplicifolium G. Mey. Solanum nigrum var. minor Hook. f.
Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A. Gray
Solanum nigrum var. pauciflorum Liou
Solanum nigrum var. virginicum L.
Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. Solanum nodiflorum var. acuminatum Dunal
Solanum nodiflorum var. macrophyllum Dunal
Solanum nodiflorum var. petiolastrum Dunal
Solanum nodiflorum var. puberulum Dunal
Solanum nodiflorum var. sapucayense Chodat
Solanum oleraceum Dunal
Solanum parviflorum Badarò
Solanum photeinocarpum Nakam. & Odash. Solanum pterocaulon Dunal
Solanum purpuratum Bitter
Solanum quadrangulare Thunb. ex L. f.
Solanum sciaphilum Bitter
Solanum tenellum Bitter
Solanum triangulare Lam. |synonyms ref = small flowered nightshade or glossy nightshade, is a herbaceous flowering plant of wide though uncertain native range. The certain native range encompasses the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, Melanesia, New Guinea, and Australia. The plant is widely naturalised around the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, including Hawaii, Indochina, Madagascar and Africa, possibly via anthropogenic introduction in these locales. Solanum americanum is one of the most widespread and morphologically variable species belonging to the section Solanum. It can be confused with other black nightshade species in the Solanum nigrum complex.

Solanum americanum grows up to tall and is an annual or short lived perennial. The leaves are alternate on the branch, and vary greatly in size, up to long and broad, with a petiole and a coarsely wavy or toothed margin. The flowers are about 1 cm diameter, white or occasionally light purple, with yellow stamens. The fruit is a shiny black berry diameter, containing numerous small seeds.

Solanum americanum is a variable taxon. It is considered by some botanists to be more than one species, and others recognise subspecies.

Research indicates the presence of toxic glycoalkaloids and there are warnings to be careful on the use of S. americanum as herbal medicine and food. Ripe berries and foliage may also cause poisoning, This is via high levels of the glycoalkaloids, solanine and solamargine. Other toxins present in the plant include chaconine, solasonine, solanigrine, gitogenin and traces of saponins, as well as the tropane alkaloids scopolamine (hyoscine), atropine and hyoscyamine. Significant amounts of solasodine (0.65%) have been found in the green berries. The ripe fruit also contains 0.3–0.45% solasonine,