Введение
Австрийский американский промышленный и организационный психолог Фред Эдвард Фидлер (13 июля 1922 года – 8 июня 2017 года) был одним из ведущих исследователей в области промышленной и организационной психологии в XX веке. Он оказал значительное влияние на развитие психологии и являлся выдающимся психологом. Родился в Вене, Австрия, в семье Виктора и Хельги Шаллингер-Фидлер. Его родители владели магазином текстиля и швейных принадлежностей до 1938 года. Фидлер эмигрировал в Соединенные Штаты вскоре после аншлюса в 1938 году и получил гражданство США в 1943 году. Он служил в армии США с 1942 по 1945 год. Он изучал психологию в Чикагском университете, где получил степень бакалавра, а затем в 1949 году – докторскую степень по клинической психологии. В 1951 году он присоединился к Университету Иллинойса и стал членом преподавательского состава факультета психологии. С 1959 по 1969 год он был директором Лаборатории эффективности групповой работы в Университете Иллинойса. Он работал психологом в области бизнеса и менеджмента в Университете Вашингтона, занимая должности в Департаменте психологии и Школе бизнеса. Он руководил организационными исследованиями в университете с 1969 года до выхода на пенсию в 1992 году. Он способствовал переходу этой области исследований от изучения черт и личностных характеристик лидеров к изучению стилей и моделей поведения лидеров. В 1967 году он представил ситуационную модель лидерства, известную как модель Фидлера. Работа Фидлера над ситуационной моделью лидерства дала ответ на недостатки теорий черт и поведения и углубила понимание динамики лидерства. Он умер в июне 2017 года в штате Вашингтон в возрасте 94 лет. Его пережили жена Джудит (с которой он познакомился во время учебы в 1940-х годах) и три дочери (Деки Фидлер, Тори Фидлер и Кэрол Фидлер Кавагучи). Похороны состоялись на острове Мерсер, штат Вашингтон.
Fred Edward Fiedler (July 13, 1922 June 8, 2017) was one of the leading researchers of industrial and organizational psychology in the 20th century. He helped shape psychology and was a leading psychologist. He was born in Vienna, Austria to Victor and Helga Schallinger Fiedler. His parents owned a textile and tailoring supply store prior to 1938. Fiedler immigrated to the United States shortly after the Anschluss in 1938 and became a US citizen in 1943. He served in the US Army from 1942 to 1945. He studied psychology at the University of Chicago where he obtained his undergraduate degree and later a Ph. D. in clinical psychology in 1949. In 1951, he joined the University of Illinois and became a member of the psychology faculty. He became the director of the Group Effectiveness Laboratory at the University of Illinois from 1959 to 1969. He was a business and management psychologist at the University of Washington and held positions in the Department of Psychology and the School of Business. He directed organizational research at the university from 1969 until his retirement in 1992. He helped this field move from the research on traits and personal characteristics of leaders, to leadership styles and behaviours. In 1967 he introduced the contingency modeling of leadership, and the now famous Fiedler contingency model. Fiedler's work with the contingency model of leadership provided an answer to the failings of the trait and behavioral theories and added to the understanding of the dynamics of leadership. He died in June 2017 in Washington state at the age of 94 and was survived by his wife, Judith (whom he met as a student in the 1940s) and three daughters (Decky Fiedler, Tory Fiedler and Carol Fiedler Kawaguchi). A funeral was held for him at Mercer Island, Washington.
Источники и библиография
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Fiedler, F. E. and Garcia, J. E. (1987) New Approaches to Leadership, Cognitive Resources and Organizational Performance, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Fiedler, F. E., Chemers, M. M. and Mahar, L. (1976) Improving Leadership Effectiveness: The Leader Match Concept, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Fiedler, F. E., Garcia, J. E. and Lewis, C. T. (1986) People Management, and Productivity, Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Fiedler, F. E., Gibson, F. W. and Barrett, K. M. (1993) ‘Stress, Babble, and the Utilization of the Leader’s Intellectual Abilities’, Leadership Quarterly 4(2): 189–208. Fiedler, F. E., Godfrey, E. P. and Hall, D. M. (1959) Boards, Management and Company Success, Danville, IL: Interstate Publishers. Hooijberg, R. and Choi, J. (1999) "From Austria to the United States and from Evaluating Therapists to Developing Cognitive Resources Theory: An Interview with Fred Fiedler", Leadership Quarterly 10(4): 653–66. King, B., Streufert, S. and Fiedler, F. E. (1978) Managerial Control and Organizational Democracy, Washington, DC: V. H. Winston and Sons. Schriesheim, C. A. and Kerr, S. (1977a) "Theories and Measures of Leadership", in J. G. Hunt, and L. L. Larson (eds), Leadership: The Cutting Edge, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 9–45. Fiedler, F. E. 1977b) "R. I. P LPC: A Response to Fiedler", in J. G. Hunt, and L. L. Larson (eds), Leadership: The Cutting Edge, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 51–6. Vecchio, R. P. (1977) "An Empirical Examination of the Validity of Fiedler’s Model of Leadership Effectiveness", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19: 180–206. Fiedler, F. E. (1983) ‘Assessing the Validity of Fiedler’s Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: A Closer look at Strube and Garcia’, Psychological Bulletin 93: 404–8.