Украинская диаспора: рассеяние и сохранение идентичности.

Scattered global community of ethnic Ukrainians

The Ukrainian diaspora comprises Ukrainians and their descendants who live outside Ukraine around the world, especially those who maintain some kind of connection to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community. The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous regions worldwide including other post Soviet states as well as in Canada and other countries such as Poland, the United States, the UK and Brazil.

+Ukrainians and diaspora worldwideCountryPopulation%305,0000.6159,6560.3600,0001.31,359,6552.9650,0001.5272,0000.6234,3540.535,0000.1338,0220.7442,4750.91,200,0002.545,0510.151,7030.13,269,9926.9112,0340.237,541,69379.31,028,4922.223,6651.8
The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous countries worldwide. It is particularly concentrated in other post Soviet states (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Russia), Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland), North America (Canada and the United States), and South America (Argentina and Brazil).

After the loss suffered by the Ukrainian Swedish Alliance under Ivan Mazepa in the Battle of Poltava in 1709, some political emigrants, primarily Cossacks, settled in Turkey and in Western Europe. In 1775, after the fall of the Zaporozhian Sich to the Russian Empire, some more Cossacks emigrated to Dobruja in the Ottoman Empire (now in Romania), while others settled in Volga and Ural regions of the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 18th century, Ukrainians from the Transcarpathian Region formed agricultural settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary, primarily in the Bačka and Syrmia regions. Both are now located in the Vojvodina Region of the Republic of Serbia. In time, Ukrainian settlements emerged in the major European capitals, including Vienna, Budapest, Rome and Warsaw.

The First World War and the Russian Civil War led to the first massive political emigration, which strengthened the existing Ukrainian communities by infusing them with members from various political, scientific, and cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, some of these new emigrants formed Ukrainian communities in Western and Central Europe. Thus, new communities were created in Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Austria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The largest was in Prague, which was considered one of the centres of Ukrainian culture and political life (after Lviv and Kraków). This group of emigrants created many different organisations and movements associated with corresponding groups in the battle for independence. A few Ukrainian universities were founded. Furthermore, many of these organisations were associated with the exiled Ukrainian government, the Ukrainian People's Republic. During the 1920s, the new diaspora maintained links with now Soviet Ukraine. A Sovietophile movement appeared, whereby former opponents of the Bolsheviks began to argue that Ukrainians should support Soviet Ukraine. Some argued that they should do so because the Soviet republics were the leaders of international revolution, while others claimed that the Bolsheviks' social and national policies benefited Ukraine. This movement included Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Yevhen Petrushevych. Many émigrés, including Hrushevskyi, returned and helped the Bolsheviks implement their policy of Ukrainianisation. However, the abandonment of Ukrainianisation, the return to collectivisation, and the man made famine of 1932–33 ended Ukrainianisation. Most of the links were broken, with the exception of some Sovietophile organisations in Canada and the United States. On the other hand, the Canadian and American diaspora maintained links with the Ukrainian community in Galicia and the Transcarpathian Region. The political emigration decreased in the mid 1920s due to a return to Soviet Ukraine and a decline in students studying at the Ukrainian universities established outside of Ukraine.

After the Second World War, the Ukrainian diaspora increased due to a second wave of displaced persons. The 250,000 Ukrainians at first settled in Germany and Austria. In the mid to late 1940s and early 1950s, these Ukrainians were resettled in many different countries creating new Ukrainian settlements in Australia, Venezuela, and for a time in Tunisia (Ben Metir), as well as re enforcing previous settlements in the United States, Canada (primarily Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec), Brazil (specially in the South and Southeast regions), Argentina and Paraguay. In Europe, there remained between 50,000 and 100,000 Ukrainians that settled in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. This second wave of emigrants re invigorated Ukrainian organisations in the Americas and Western Europe. In 1967, in New York City, the World Congress of Free Ukrainians was created. Scientific organisations were created. An Institute of Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University was also created. An attempt was made to unite the various religious organisations (Orthodox and Greek Catholic). However, this did not succeed. In the early 1970s, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the United States and Canada and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Europe, South America, and Australia managed to unite. Most of the other Orthodox churches maintained some religious links. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had to wait until 1980 until its synod was recognised by the Vatican. The Ukrainian Evangelical and Baptist churches also created an All Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist Union.

As of 2020, the European Union was host of over half a million Ukrainian citizens, according to official records of residents collected by Eurostat. About half of the Ukrainian citizens in the EU were located in Italy. On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large scale invasion of Ukraine, which has led to millions of Ukrainian civilians moving to neighbouring countries. Most crossed into Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, and others proceeded to at least temporarily settle in Hungary, Moldova, Germany, Austria, Romania and other European countries.

Continent/Country/Region Year Numbers Notes EUROPEAndorra2016100Austria20179,064(2016) 12,000; (2015) 8,232; (2010) 7,038; (2005) 6,367; (2000) 5,696; (1995) 5,115; (1990) 4,534; (1946) 29,000; (1944) 100,000; (1918) 50,000Belarus2015225,734Belgium20173,397(1991) 3,929; (1953) 7,455 (1948) 7,883; (1850) 10,000(2001) 1,977; (1991) 2,494; (1981) 2,515; (1971) 2,793; (1948) 6,397Czech Republic2016110,245(2015) 97,474; (2014) 102,127; (2011–2010) 53,253 125,343; (2005) 73,905; (2001) 22,112; (2000) 16,397; (1995) 12,298; (1991) 8,220; (1980) 10,271; (1970) 9,794Denmark201911,148(2018) 12,144; (2016) 8,000; (2015) 6,870; (2010) 6,508; (2005) 3,602; (2000) 695; (1995) 650; (1990) 605; (1945) 1,500Estonia201923,665(2018) 23,310; (2017) 23,183; (2016) 23,256; (2015) 22,562; (2013) 22,972; (2011) 22,573; (2005) 24,004; (2000) 29,012; (1995) 33,755; (1989) 48,271; (1979) 36,044; (1970) 28,086; (1959) 15,769; (1934) 92; (1897) 230Finland20165,000(2015) 2,436; (2010) 1,040; (2005) 611; (2000) 337; (1995) 113; (1990) 11Germany2017262,027Greece201719,104 32,000Holy See201750Ukrainian Greek catholic clergyHungary20117,396(2001) 7,393; (2000) 19,867; (1995) 11,454; (1990) 3,040Iceland2017335(2015) 274; (2013) 255; (2011) 217; (2009) 215; (2007) 173; (2005) 118; (2003) 63; (2000) 22; (1995) 17; (1990) 11Ireland20174,908Italy2017234,354 236,420(2017) 234,354; (2016) 230,728 240,141; (2015–2014) 222,241 219,050; (2012) 180,121; (2010) 222,203; (2007) 600,000 1,000,000; (2005) 117,957; (2000) 13,711; (1995) 6,959; (1990) 206; (1946) 12,000; (1918) 120,000Latvia201943,069(2018) 50,699; (2017) 43,623; (2011) 45,798; (2005) 47,145; (2000) 63,644; (1989) 92,101; (1979) 66,703; (1970) 53,461; (1959) 29,440; (1935) 1,844; (1925) 512Liechtenstein201743(2015) 37; (2010) 20; (2005) 14; (2000) 9; (1995) 6; (1990) 3(2011–2010) 16,423 14,475; (2005) 18,521; (2001) 22,488; (1995) 25,598; (1989) 44,789; (1979) 31,982; (1970) 25,099; (1959) 17,692; (1923) 43Luxembourg2017184 742Macedonia201764(2015) 336; (2010) 268; (2005) 145; (2000) 92; (1995) 36; (1990) 30(2004) 442,475; (1989) 600,366; (1979) 560,679; (1970) 506,560; (1959) 420,820; (1941) 261,200; (1930) 315,004; (1897) 379,698; (1856) 119,000; (1817) 30,000Monaco201110 20Montenegro2017121Netherlands2023100.560Norway20207,700(2019) 6,285;(2015) 4,236; (2010) 2,463; (2005) 1,120; (2001) 399; (1995) 77; (1990–1970) 6; (1944) 16,562Poland20182,000,000(2016) 1,200,000 1,500,000; (2015) 206,518; (2010) 214,193; (2005) 263,473; (2000) 321,013; (1995) 375,267; (1990) 438,692Portugal201747,360(2002) 61,098 300,000; (1992) 65,472; (1977) 55,510; (1966) 54,705; (1956) 60,479; (1930) 45,875Russian Federation20153,269,992San Marino201762(2002) 5,354; (1991) 5,032; (1953) 23,043; (1948) 22,636Slovakia201510,001Slovenia20151,764Spain2020112,728(2020) 112,728; (2016) 90,530 100,000; (2015) 84,127; (2010) 79,843; (2005) 61,162; (2000) 2,115; (1995) 1,038; (1990) 408Sweden201911,069(2017) 8,000; (2015) 6,982; (2010) 4,741; (2005) 2,777; (2000) 1,459; (1995) 1,360; (1990) 1,146United Kingdom201523,414 ASIAAfghanistan201510 Armenia20152,645Azerbaijan200921,509(1999) 28,984; (1989) 32,345; (1979) 26,402; (1970) 29,160; (1959) 25,778; (1939) 23,643; (1926) 18,241China20163,000 5,000(1999) 20,000; (1949) 7,000; (1945–1930) 35,000 50,000; (1929–1922) 30,000 45,000; (1920–1898) 65,000 70,000Hong Kong, China2016100 Macau, China201630 Cyprus20153,650Georgia201522,263India2014120(2010) 105; (2007) 96; (2004) 78; (1999) 63Indonesia201721(1999) 13(2008) 1690; (2004) 1608(2016) 900; (2010) 260; (1999) 603Israel201630,000 90,000 (2015–2014) 135,112 36,649; (2010) 131,007 53,577; (2007) 47,019; (2006) 54,497; (2000) 164,271; (1999) 22,261; (1995) 170,963; (1990) 168, 081(2017) 1,992; (2016) 1,867; (2010) 502 (2006) 236Jordan20165,000(2010) 892; (2007) 874; (2005) 694; (2000) 480; (1995) 263; (1990) 45Korea, Republic of20162,485Kuwait2016400(2010) 141; (2007) 111; (2004) 94(2014) 14,485; (2009) 21,924; (2005) 41,787; (2000) 52,617; (1999) 50,442; (1995) 69,408; (1989) 108,027; (1979) 109,324; (1970) 120,081; (1959) 137,031; (1939) 137,299; (1926) 64,128Laos201610(2010) 44; (2007) 28; (2004) 24Mongolia201620Myanmar201610Oman2016200Thailand2016800(2015) 20,547; (2010) 4,133; (2005) 4,011; (2000) 3,893; (1995) 2,447; (1990) 1,011Turkmenistan20154,822United Arab Emirates201711,145(2014) 5,000; (2007) 588Uzbekistan2015124,602Vietnam20161,000 2,000(2010) 179; (2004) 248; (1999) 337 AFRICAAlgeria2015300(2007) 14; (2006) 76Egypt20164,000(2006) 597; (2000) 125; (1995) 92; (1990) 67(2007) 24; (2006) 39(2010) 297; (2004) 318(2010) 776; (2005) 709; (2000) 644; (1995) 413; (1990) 189Mauritius201722Morocco2017500(2010) 296Namibia2015235(2010) 100; (2006) 165; (2004) 81Seychelles20173Sierra Leone2004449(2010) 264; (2006) 249 NORTH AMERICABahamas201518 (2011) 1,251,170; (2006) 1,209,085; (2001) 1,071,055; (1996) 1,026,475; (1991) 1,054,300; (1981) 529,615; (1971) 580,660; (1961) 473,337; (1951) 395,043; (1941) 305,929; (1931) 225,113; (1921) 106,721; (1914) 100,000; (1911) 75,432; (1901) 5,682(2015) 76; (2010) 72; (2005) 110; (2000) 148; (1995) 135; (1990) 121Mexico20151,500(2010) 329; (2005) 307; (2000) 322; (1995) 279; (1990) 250(2015) 986,698; (2013) 968,754 2,000,000; (2010) 939,746; (1990) 740,803; (1980) 730,056; (1975) 2,000,000; (1935) 656,000 700,000; (1914) 350,000; (1900) 350,000; (1899) 100,000; (1892) 50,000 SOUTH AMERICAArgentine2007305,000 (2004) 300,000; (1977) 200,000 240,000; (1960) 70,000; (1939) 50,000 70,000; (1914) 14,000; (1902) 1,600; (1901) 1,700; (1900) 1,600; (1898) 250; (1897) 46; (the end of XVII beg. of XVIII cen.) 30Bolivia2015114(2009) 500,000; (1994) 250,000 400,000; (1970) 120,000; (1914) 45,000; (1895) 5,000Chile20131,000(2010) 98; (2005) 128; (2000) 157; (1995) 96; (1990) 35; (1970) 40; (1949–1948) 300Colombia2015226 (2014) 12,000 40,000; (1994) 5,000 8,000; (1938–1927) 10,800 Peru2017500(2015) 241; (2010) 223; (2007) 109; (2005) 206; (2000) 176; (1995) 150; (1990) 171(1990) 10,000 15,000; (1970) 8,000 10,000 Venezuela20133,000 OCEANIAAustralia201138,791(2006) 37,800; (1998) 30,000 50,000; (1990–1980) 34,000; (1970–1945) 20,608; (1914) 5,000New Zealand2018672 1,152(2015) 672–1,402; (2010) 1,263; (2005) 1,104; (2000) 817; (1995) 330; (1990) 247; (1949) 170Vanuatu20165 ANTARCTICA202011 (2019–2013) 12; (2012–2011) 11; (2010) 10; (2009) 11; (2008–2007) 14; (2006–2005) 13; (2004) 15; (2003) 15–36; (2002) 15; (2001) 12; (2000) 13; (1999) 12; (1998) 11; (1997) 13; (1996) 12; (1994) 4 Scientific and technical activities. Staff of Ukrainian Vernadsky Research Base (Galindez Island, Wilhelm Archipelago, Graham Land)

As of 2021, there are 884,007 ethnic Ukrainians in Russia. They form the country's eighth largest ethnic group.

In 2016, there were an estimated 1,359,655 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (the majority being Canadian born citizens), making them Canada's eleventh largest ethnic group. Canada therefore has the world's second largest Ukrainian population outside Ukraine, after Russia.

Italy has the biggest Ukrainian minority in Western Europe, accounting for more than 230,000 people.

According to INSEE, the Ukrainian population of France was 24,700 in 2017.

According to a 2006 government estimate, there were 976,314 Americans of Ukrainian ancestry.

Ukrainians constituted the second largest foreign community residing in Portugal, with 44,074 residents in 2012.

In Serbia, there are 4,903 (0.08%) ethnic Ukrainians with Serbian citizenship according to the 2011 census. According to the 2002 census there were 5,354 (0.82%) and according to the 1991 census 5,042. Until 1971, Ukrainians and Pannonian Rusyns were counted together.