Введение
Лесной покров в Гоа разнообразен. Гоа – самый маленький штат Индии по площади и четвертый по численности населения. Гоа расположен на западном побережье Индии в регионе, известном как Конкан. Площадь лесного покрова в Гоа составляет 1424 км², большая часть которого находится в государственной собственности. Государственные леса занимают 1224,38 км², а частные – 200 км². Большинство лесов штата расположены во внутренних восточных районах. Западные Гаты, составляющие большую часть восточной части Гоа, признаны на международном уровне одним из мировых центров биоразнообразия. В февральском выпуске журнала National Geographic Magazine за 1999 год Гоа сравнивали с бассейнами Амазонки и Конго за его богатое тропическое биоразнообразие. Озеро Нанда – первый и единственный объект Рамсарской конвенции в Гоа. Символом штата Гоа является гаур, государственной птицей – желтый булбул с рубиновым горлом (разновидность чернохохлого булбула), а государственным деревом – маття. К важным лесным продуктам относятся бамбук, кора маратхи, кора чиллар и бхиранд. Кокосовые пальмы широко распространены и встречаются почти во всех районах Гоа, за исключением возвышенностей. Здесь произрастает много листопадных деревьев, включая тик, сал, кешью и манго. Среди фруктов – джекфрут, манго, ананасы и ежевика. В джунглях Гоа обитают лисы, дикие кабаны и перелетные птицы. Орнитофауна представлена зимородками, майнами и попугаями. У побережья Гоа и в его реках вылавливают многочисленные виды рыб. В улов также входят крабы, лобстеры, креветки, медузы, устрицы и сомы. В Гоа большая популяция змей, которая контролирует численность грызунов. В Гоа много известных национальных парков, в том числе знаменитый заповедник птиц имени Салима Али.
Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government. Government owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity. Nanda Lake is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa. Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Ruby throated yellow Bulbul, which is a variation of Black crested Bulbul, and the state tree is the Matti. The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the bhirand. Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the elevated regions. Much deciduous vegetation, including teak, sal, cashew and mango trees, is present. Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries. Foxes, wild boars and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna includes kingfishers, mynas and parrots. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish form some of the piscine catch. Goa also has a high snake population, which keeps the rodent population in control. Goa has many famous National Parks, including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary. Name of the Sanctuary Area (km²) Location (Taluka)Distance from Panjim (km) Mollem National Park 107 Sanguem71 Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary 133 Sanguem65 Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary 86 Canacona60 Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary 8 Ponda52 Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary1.76 Tiswadi8 Madei Wildlife Sanctuary 208.48 Sattari50 Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary211.05 Sanguem60 Total 755.31
Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1224.38 km²) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area.
Название заповедника Площадь (км²) Расположение (Талка) Расстояние от Панджима (км) Национальный парк Моллем 107 Сангуем 71 Заповедник дикой природы Бхагван Махавир 133 Сангуем 65 Заповедник дикой природы Котигао 86 Канакона 60 Заповедник дикой природы Бондла 8 Понда 52 Заповедник дикой природы доктора Салима Али 1,76 Тисвади 8 Заповедник дикой природы Мадей 208,48 Саттари 50 Заповедник дикой природы Нетравали 211,05 Сангуем 60 Итого 755,31
Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government. Government owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity. Nanda Lake is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa. Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Ruby throated yellow Bulbul, which is a variation of Black crested Bulbul, and the state tree is the Matti. The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the bhirand. Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the elevated regions. Much deciduous vegetation, including teak, sal, cashew and mango trees, is present. Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries. Foxes, wild boars and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna includes kingfishers, mynas and parrots. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish form some of the piscine catch. Goa also has a high snake population, which keeps the rodent population in control. Goa has many famous National Parks, including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary. Name of the Sanctuary Area (km²) Location (Taluka)Distance from Panjim (km) Mollem National Park 107 Sanguem71 Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary 133 Sanguem65 Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary 86 Canacona60 Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary 8 Ponda52 Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary1.76 Tiswadi8 Madei Wildlife Sanctuary 208.48 Sattari50 Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary211.05 Sanguem60 Total 755.31
Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1224.38 km²) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area.
Более 33% географической площади Гоа покрыто государственными лесами (1224,38 км²), из которых около 62% включено в охраняемые территории (ПА) – заповедники дикой природы и национальные парки. Учитывая значительную площадь частных лесов и большие плантации кешью, манго, кокосовых пальм и т.д., общий лесной и древесный покров составляет 56,6% географической площади.
Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government. Government owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity. Nanda Lake is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa. Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Ruby throated yellow Bulbul, which is a variation of Black crested Bulbul, and the state tree is the Matti. The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the bhirand. Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the elevated regions. Much deciduous vegetation, including teak, sal, cashew and mango trees, is present. Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries. Foxes, wild boars and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna includes kingfishers, mynas and parrots. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish form some of the piscine catch. Goa also has a high snake population, which keeps the rodent population in control. Goa has many famous National Parks, including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary. Name of the Sanctuary Area (km²) Location (Taluka)Distance from Panjim (km) Mollem National Park 107 Sanguem71 Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary 133 Sanguem65 Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary 86 Canacona60 Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary 8 Ponda52 Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary1.76 Tiswadi8 Madei Wildlife Sanctuary 208.48 Sattari50 Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary211.05 Sanguem60 Total 755.31
Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1224.38 km²) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area.