Международный аэропорт Митига: история и современность

International airport serving Tripoli, Libya

Mitiga International Airport (مطار معيتيقة الدولي) is an airport that serves Tripoli, Libya, located about east of Tripoli's city centre. Since 2018 it has been the sole international airport serving Tripoli following the closure of Tripoli International Airport after it was severely damaged in the second Libyan civil war. The airport has a diverse international history and has been known by a variety of names. It was originally built in 1923 as an Italian air force base called aeroporto militare di Mellaha. It became a German air base during World War II. The airbase was captured by the British 8th Army in January 1943 and transferred to the control of the US Army Air Forces, who called it Mellaha AAF until 1945, when they renamed it Wheelus Air Base for a US airman killed that year. American use continued until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état and the subsequent expiration of the lease. When the Americans left, the base was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base (قاعدة عقبة بن نافع الجوية) after the Islamic general who conquered North Africa. It was used by both the Libyan and Soviet air forces. The United States bombed the base in 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. In 1995, the air base was converted to a second civilian airport for Tripoli, and was given its current name.

The airport was originally built in 1923 by the Italian Air Force as Mellaha Air Base (الملاّحة). A motor racing circuit was subsequently built around the airport and Mellaha Lake began hosting the popular Tripoli Grand Prix in 1933. Mellaha was used by the German Luftwaffe during the North African Campaign, with the Germans using it for short range recon units, as well as coastal and naval recon units. Special weather recon units also existed at Mehalla. The main Luftwaffe unit stationed at the base was the 2nd Staffel of the Aufklärungsgruppe (H) 14 or 2.(H)/14. The squadron was equipped with twelve single engined Henschel Hs 126, an aircraft with 2 man crews, which could cover approx 710 km, with a maximum speed of 360 km/h, as well as three Fieseler Fi 156 Storch liaison aircraft, and a Junkers Ju 52 for transport of men and materiel. The airbase was captured by the British 8th Army in January 1943. The US Army Air Force began using Mellaha as a base in January 1943. It was used by the 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) of the 12th Air Force for Consolidated B 24 Liberator bomb missions into Italy and southern parts of Germany. In addition, Mellaha Field was used by Air Transport Command. It functioned as a stopover en route to Benina Airport near Benghazi or to Tunis Airport, Tunisia on the North African Cairo Dakar transport route for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel. On 15 April 1945 Mellaha AAF was taken over by USAAF's Air Training Command. It was renamed Wheelus Army Air Field (AAF) on 17 May 1945 in honor of USAAF Lieutenant Richard Wheelus who had died earlier that year in a plane crash in Iran. During the USAFs tenure the base was extended, demolishing the derelict motor racing buildings. A 1954 agreement with Libya extended use of the base until 1971, but changing needs led the United States to withdraw completely by 1970, handing the facility over to the new Libyan government that had taken power a year earlier in the 1969 Libyan coup d'état.

After the US Air Force left in 1970, the base was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base (seemingly after the legendary hero Uqba ibn Nafi) and served as a Libyan People's Air Force (LPAF) installation. The base housed the LPAF's headquarters and a large share of its major training facilities. In addition, aircraft and personnel of the Soviet Air Force took up residence at the base. LPAF Soviet made MiG 17/19/25 fighters and Tu 22 bombers were based at Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. Of the combat aircraft, the US State Department estimated in 1983 that fifty percent remained in storage, including most of the MiG fighters and Tu 22 bombers.

The base was a primary target of the 1986 United States bombing of Libya (Operation "El Dorado Canyon"), launched against Libya due to missile attacks on US aircraft and Libyan involvement in terrorist attacks on US servicemen in Europe. At 2 a. m. on 16 April 1986, Okba Ben Nafi AB, various Libyan government buildings, and three alleged Libyan terrorist training camps were bombed by General Dynamics F 111 Aardvarks from the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, flying from the United Kingdom, to Libya. The raid included eighteen F 111 fighter bombers, five General Dynamics–Grumman EF 111A Raven from the 66th Electronic Combat Wing/42nd Electronic Combat Squadron, and carrier based Navy F 14 Tomcats and A 6E Intruders. The EF 111s formed up with the attack force to provide electronic defense during the attack. One 48 TFW F 111F was lost to (presumably) a surface to air missile or AAA hit. The 48 TFW that bombed the base had practiced for years with F 100s at this very same air base when it was Wheelus Air Base and later at Zaragoza AB Spain with F 4D Phantoms and F 111s for similar missions.

Okba Ben Nafi AB was converted for civilian use and became Mitiga Airport in 1995. The airport also housed the headquarters of Buraq Air.

During the 2011 Libyan civil war, the Times of Malta and The Guardian reported claims that the airport had been taken over by protesters opposed to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. On 13 March 2011, Ali Atiyya, a colonel of the Libyan Air Force at the airport, defected and joined the anti Gaddafi forces. On 21 August 2011, rebels launched an assault on Mitiga as part of a bid to battle loyalist forces in Tripoli, sustaining a number of casualties in the process. On 25 October 2011 Google Earth released multispectral imagery from GeoEye taken on 28 August 2011 which showed the airfield as well as the highly capable MiG 25 aircraft with no visible damage. This imagery helped corroborate reporting which suggested that the airfield had been taken over early on by opposition protesters; moreover, NATO and US air forces would have wanted to avoid collateral damage to the opposition movement.

During the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign, the airport, held by military units loyal to the Government of National Accord, was repeatedly targeted with airstrikes from the opposing Libyan National Army in order to enforce a no fly zone declared by the LNA several days prior. On 8 April 2019, an airport spokesman announced that the airport was forced to close due to airstrikes. TunisAir was the first foreign carrier to resume flights to the airport, in May 2021.

On 22 December 1992 Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103 was a Boeing 727 2L5 with 10 crew and 147 passengers on board that collided with a LARAF Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 23UB on 22 December 1992. All 157 people on board flight 1103 were killed, while the crew of the MiG 23 ejected and survived. It is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Libyan history. On 27 July 1989, Korean Air Flight 803 was a scheduled International passenger service from Seoul, South Korea to Tripoli, Libya with intermediate stops in Bangkok, Thailand and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. There were a total of 199 occupants. The weather at the time of the crash consisted of heavy fog and visibility was between 100 and 800 feet (30 and 244 m). Nevertheless, in such circumstances, the flight crew decided to continue the approach. On approach to runway 27, the McDonnell Douglas DC 10 30 dropped below the glide path, then at 7:05 (according to other data 7:30), it crashed into two buildings, broke into three sections, and burst into flames. The crash site was in an orchard 1.5 miles (2.4 km; 1.3 nmi) short of runway 27. 75 people (72 passengers and 3 crew members) died in the crash, in addition to four people on the ground. On 12 May 2010, Afriqiyah Airways flight 771 going from O. R. Tambo International Airport to Tripoli Mitiga International Airport crashed on approach. The cause is Controlled flight into terrain caused by spatial disorientation, pilot error and lack of crew resource management. Only 1 12year old Dutch boy survived. It is the second deadliest airplane crash in Libyan history. The aircraft was an Airbus A330 202, registration 5A ONG with approximately 1,600 hours total flying time and about 420 take off and landing cycles. On 23 December 2016, Afriqiyah Airways Flight 209 from Sabha Airport to Mitiga International Airport, operated by an Airbus A320 214, registration 5A ONB was hijacked and diverted to Malta International Airport.