Пьяный матрос: История морской песни

Sea shanty

"Drunken Sailor", also known as "What Shall We Do with a/the Drunken Sailor?" or "Up She Rises", is a traditional English sea shanty, listed as No. 322 in the Roud Folk Song Index. It was sung aboard English sailing ships at least as early as the 1830s. The song's lyrics vary, but usually contain some variant of the question, "What shall we do with a drunken sailor, early in the morning?" In some styles of performance, each successive verse suggests a method of sobering or punishing the drunken sailor. In other styles, further questions are asked and answered about different people. "Drunken Sailor" was revived as a popular song among non sailors in the 20th century, and grew to become one of the best known songs of the shanty repertoire among mainstream audiences. It has been performed and recorded by many musicians and appeared regularly in popular culture.

The authorship and origin of the song are unknown, but it bears a resemblance with the traditional Irish folk song "Óró sé do bheatha abhaile" due to its shared chord progression and use of repeated lyrics over melodic sequences It is in the Dorian mode.

"Drunken Sailor" began its life as a popular song on land at least as early as the 1900s, by which time it had been adopted as repertoire for glee singing at Eton College. Elsewhere in England, by the 1910s, men had begun to sing it regularly at gatherings of the Savage Club of London. The song became popular on land in America as well. A catalogue of "folk songs" from the Midwest included it in 1915, where it was said to be sung while dancing "a sort of reel". More evidence of lands folk's increasing familiarity with "Drunken Sailor" comes in the recording of a "Drunken Sailor Medley" (c. 1923) by U. S. Old Time fiddler John Baltzell. Evidently the tune's shared affinities with Anglo Irish American dance tunes helped it to become readapted as such, as Baltzell included it among a set of reels. Classical composers utilized the song in compositions. Australian composer Percy Grainger incorporated the song into his piece "Scotch Strathspey And Reel" (1924). Malcolm Arnold used its melody in his Three Shanties for Woodwind Quintet, Op. 4 (1943). The glut of writings on sailors' songs and published collections that came starting in the 1920s supported a revival of interest in shanty singing for entertainment purposes on land. As such, R. R. Terry's very popular shanty collection, which had begun to serve as a resource for renditions of shanties on commercial recordings in the 1920s, was evidently used by the Robert Shaw Chorale for their 1961 rendition. The Norman Luboff Choir recorded the song in 1959 with the uncharacteristic phrasing, "What'll we do ?" The song shares the same tune with a Lent and Easter hymn, We Have A King Who Rides A Donkey which was written by Fred Kaan.

The song has been widely recorded under a number of titles by a range of performers including Black Lagoon, The King's Singers, Pete Seeger, The Blaggards, U. K. Subs, The Bolokos, Malinda Kathleen Reese, Nathan Evans and most notably The Irish Rovers. It also forms part of a contrapuntal section in the BBC Radio 4 UK Theme by Fritz Spiegl, in which it is played alongside Greensleeves. The song's accordion version is used in the Nickelodeon TV series, SpongeBob SquarePants, often in scenes involving the Krusty Krab. It was also played on Cartoon network Camp Lazlo Tree Hugger. Note that some versions sing "what will we do with the drunken sailor" instead of shall. For over 50 years The Irish Rovers have played the song as their usual show closer. Several of their recordings of the song, sometimes under the name "Weigh Hey and up She Rises" have "gone viral" on YouTube. As a response, the band released the 2012 album Drunken Sailor, including the title track and a prequel that tells the earlier life of the 'Drunken Sailor', called "Whores and Hounds". An instrumental remix of the song is heard in the DS version of Rayman Raving Rabbids 2. Don Janse produced an arrangement in the early 1960s which has been included in several choral music anthologies. The arrangement was first recorded by The Idlers, and has been performed by several collegiate groups over the years, including the Yale Alley Cats. Pere Ubu's 1978 song "Caligari's Mirror" is a post punk reworking of "Drunken Sailor". Canadian folk band Great Big Sea recorded a cover of the song for their debut album Great Big Sea in 1993 along with other Newfoundland folk songs. A version of the song by Captain Tractor is featured in the soundtrack of the 1990s crime comedy drama television show Due South. In the 1998 film The Truman Show, Truman Burbank, played by Jim Carrey, sings the shanty while piloting a boat through a storm near the end of the film. LeperKhanz recorded a version of the song on the album Tiocfaidh Ár Lá (2005). Dwight Schrute sings a refrain of this shanty while under the false impression he is piloting the boat in the 11th episode of The Office (US version) 2nd season, "Booze Cruise". The melody was also utilized by NFL Films composer Sam Spence for his track "Up as She Rises". Tim Curry sang a piece when playing Long John Silver in the 1996 Jim Henson Studios film Muppet Treasure Island. A version of the song appears in the 2012 stealth video game Dishonored. This version is called "The Drunken Whaler" however, tying into the video game's fictional world, where whaling is a prominent and important industry. The verses in this version all result in the subject whaler's death, such as "feed him to the hungry rats for dinner" (a reference to the rat plague that was a major plot point in the title). Another version of the song by Sean Dagher, Michiel Schrey, and Nils Brown appears in the 2013 action adventure video game Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag. The British group Lord Rockingham's XI used the tune as the basis for their instrumental "Long John". The Russian band Aquarium has a song called "What should we do with a drunken sailor?". In Ringo Starr's rendition of "You're Sixteen", Starr is heard singing the chorus of the song in the fade at the end. The 2019 film Fisherman's Friends, based on a true story, features a Cornish group of fishermen who sing the song en route to hitting the pop charts and touring to this day. The song also features prominently in the end credits. In The Wild Wild West episode "The Night of Miguelito's Revenge", Michael Dunn sings this song. In the video game Tiny Tina's Wonderlands, the player will meet a skeleton pirate who sings a variation on the song. The words drunken sailor are replaced with rhyming phrases such as funky whaler. German pop group Dschinghis Khan released a version on their 1981 album Wir sitzen alle im selben Boot.

In modern performances, the word early is often pronounced as URLeye ('/ɜːr//l//aɪ/). Publications in the 19th and early 20th century, however, made no note of a stylized or vernacular pronunciation. Almost all of the available field recordings, including those by James Madison Carpenter in the 1920s use the pronunciation URLay. However, one of Carpenter's recordings of a man named Tom Leary of Olin, North Carolina, which can be heard online, does in fact use this pronunciation. The opera singer Leonard Warren recorded the song in July 1947 with the URLeye pronunciation. Later, on his popular recording of 1956, Burl Ives also pronounced early as URLeye. The influential shanty collector Stan Hugill (1961) subsequently wrote that the word was always pronounced '/ɜːr//l//eɪ/ URLay.