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Введение
Румынская певица и актриса
Romanian singer and actress
Мария Тэнасе (25 сентября 1913 – 22 июня 1963) – румынская певица и актриса. Её репертуар охватывал широкий спектр жанров – от традиционной румынской музыки до романса, танго, шансона и оперетты. Мария Тэнасе имеет такое же значение для Румынии, как Эдит Пиаф для Франции или Амалия Родригес для Португалии. За свою почти тридцатилетнюю карьеру она стала общепризнанной национальной дивой Румынии, вызывая восхищение своей оригинальностью, голосом, красотой и харизмой. В Румынии она по-прежнему считается одной из главных культурных икон XX века. В 2006 году по результатам общенационального опроса она вошла в список 100 величайших румын всех времен. Среди её песен – «Cine iubește și lasă» (1937), «Leliță cârciumăreasă» (1939), «Bun îi vinul ghiurghiuliu» (1938), «Doina din Maramureș» (1956), «Ciuleandra» (1956) и «Până când nu te iubeam».
Maria Tănase (; 25 September 1913 – 22 June 1963) was a Romanian singer and actress. Her music ranged from traditional Romanian music to romance, tango, chanson, and operetta. Tănase has a similar importance in Romania as Édith Piaf in France or Amália Rodrigues in Portugal. In her nearly three decade long career, she became widely regarded as Romania's national diva, being admired for her originality, voice, physical beauty and charisma. In Romania, she is still regarded as a major cultural icon of the 20th century. In 2006 she was included to the list of the 100 Greatest Romanians of all time by a nationwide poll. Among her songs are Cine iubește și lasă (1937), Leliță cârciumăreasă (1939), Bun îi vinul ghiurghiuliu (1938), Doina din Maramureș (1956), Ciuleandra (1956) and Până când nu te iubeam.
Биография
Родилась в пригороде Бухареста – Cărămidarii de Jos, или Cărămidari, Мария Тэнасе посещала начальную школу № 11 в Тэбэкари. Её отец, Ион Коанда Тэнасе, был мастером-садовником и флористом, а также владельцем крупного питомника на окраине Бухареста, где работали женщины из разных регионов Румынии. Эти женщины, в свою очередь, делились традиционными народными песнями и сказками, которые глубоко очаровали маленькую Марию и оставили на ней неизгладимый след. Свой дебют на сцене она отметила в Cărămidarii de Jos, в средней школе имени Иона Хелиаде Рэдулеску. В 1934 году она присоединилась к театру "Cărăbuș" Константина Тэнасе при помощи и по совету журналиста Санду Элиада, который в то время был её партнёром. Настоящий дебют состоялся 2 июня 1934 года под сценическим именем Мэри Атанасиу. Осенью 1937 года она записала свои первые народные песни в студии Columbia в Бухаресте. 20 февраля 1938 года её голос впервые прозвучал по радио. Вскоре после этого она начала завоевывать популярность как на местном, так и на международном уровне. Она представляла Румынию на Всемирной выставке 1939 года в Нью-Йорке. В первые месяцы существования Национального легионерского государства Тэнасе запретили выступать публично, а её записи были уничтожены. Во время Второй мировой войны, вместе с Джорджем Энеску, Джорджем Вракой и Константином Тэнасе, она гастролировала с концертами перед ранеными солдатами на передовой. В декабре 1943 года она выступала на рождественских торжествах в Королевском кавалерийском полку, где в качестве гостей присутствовали король Румынии Михаил I, Ион Антонеску, Михаи Антонеску и все члены правительства. В 1944 году Тэнасе исполнила партию в оперетте Эдмона Одрана "Mascota" (Маскота). После Второй мировой войны она выступала в Театре ревю и Сатирико-музыкальном театре имени Константина Тэнасе. Она играла в пьесах "Живой труп" Льва Толстого (1945) и "Гориа" Михаила Давидоглу (1956). В 1946 году она исполнила главную роль в музыкальной комедии "Голливудский сфинкс" Ральфа Бенацки. В 1947 году она пела в фильме "Румыния", а в 1958 году – в фильмах "Ciulinii Bărăganului" (Чертополох Бэрагана) и короткометражном фильме "Amintiri din București" (Воспоминания о Бухаресте). В эти годы Мария много гастролировала, совершив более сорока поездок только в Нью-Йорк. В 1952 году Марии Тэнасе предложили должность в Музыкальной школе № 1 в Бухаресте, в недавно созданном отделении традиционной народной песни. В 1962 году она возглавила "Taraful Gorjului" (Горжский народный ансамбль) в Тыргу-Жиу, по собственной просьбе, и руководила артистами из этого ансамбля. 1 мая 1963 года, после концерта в Хунедоаре, она была вынуждена отменить тур и все последующие выступления из-за болезни. 22 июня 1963 года она скончалась от рака. Похоронена на кладбище Беллу в Бухаресте, Румыния. В 1955 году Мария Тэнасе получила Государственную премию, а в 1957 году была награждена медалями "Ordinul Muncii" (Орден Труда), "Premiul de Stat" (Государственная премия) и званием "Artistă Emerită" (Заслуженная артистка Республики) за вклад в искусство. Однако при жизни многие румыны с любовью вспоминали её как свою Эдит Пиаф, легендарную французскую певицу. Тэнасе умерла в июне 1963 года от рака легких, за три месяца до своего 50-летия, в то время как Эдит Пиаф умерла в октябре, за два месяца до своего 48-летия. В дни её смерти улицы Бухареста были заполнены людьми, пришедшими почтить память женщины, которая помогла популяризировать народную музыку своей страны.
Born in the Bucharest suburb of Cărămidarii de Jos, or Cărămidari, Maria Tănase attended Primary School number 11 from Tăbăcari. Her father, Ion Coanda Tănase, was a master gardener and a florist, also owner of a big nursery on the outskirts of Bucharest, which employed female workers from different various regions of Romania. These women, in turn, would share traditional folk songs and tales which deeply enthralled little Maria, which was to leave a permanent mark on her. She made her stage debut in Cărămidarii de Jos, at the "Ion Heliade Rădulescu" High School. In 1934, she joined the "Cărăbuș" Theatre of Constantin Tănase with the help and advice of newspaper writer Sandu Eliad, who, at that time was her partner. Her real debut took place on 2 June 1934 with the stage name Mary Atanasiu. In the fall of 1937 she recorded her first folk songs at the Columbia studio in Bucharest. On 20 February 1938 her voice was heard for the first time on the radio. Shortly after, she started to develop a local and international following. She represented Romania at the 1939 New York World's Fair. During the first months of the National Legionary State, Tănase was banned from performing in public and her recordings were destroyed. During World War II, together with George Enescu, George Vraca, and Constantin Tănase, she was making stage tours singing in front of soldiers injured on the battlefield. In December 1943, she sang at the Christmas festivities at the Royal Cavalry Regiment, where King Michael I of Romania, Ion Antonescu, Mihai Antonescu, and all the members of the government were present as guests. In 1944 Tănase took time to sing in Edmond Audran's operetta "Mascota" (The Mascot). After World War II, she performed in Review Ensemble Theatre and "Constantin Tănase" Satirical and Musical Theatre. She had parts in the plays "The Living Corpse" by Leo Tolstoy in 1945, and "Horia" by Mihail Davidoglu in 1956. In 1946 she held the main part in the musical comedy "The Hollywood Sphinx", by Ralph Benatzky. She sang in the movie "Romania" in 1947, and in 1958 she performed in both "Ciulinii Bărăganului" (The Thistles of the Bărăgan), and the short reel film "Amintiri din București" (Memories from Bucharest). During these years Maria was also touring a lot, she had over forty trips only to New York City. In 1952, Maria Tănase was offered a position at the Music School No. 1 in Bucharest, in the newly created traditional folk song department; 1962 found her guiding "Taraful Gorjului" (The Gorj Folk Music Band) in Târgu Jiu and the artists from "taraf", at her own request. On 1 May 1963, after a concert in Hunedoara, she was forced to cancel her tour and any other performances due to sickness. On 22 June 1963, she died of cancer. She was buried at the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania. In 1955, Maria Tănase received the State Prize and in 1957 she was honored with the medals "Ordinul Muncii" (The Order for Activity), "Premiul de Stat" (The State Award), and the title "Artistă Emerită" (Honoured Artist of the Republic) for her contributions to the arts. However, within her lifetime, she had also been fondly remembered by many Romanians as their own Edith Piaf, the legendary French singer. Tănase died in June 1963 of lung cancer, three months short of her 50th birthday, whereas Edith Piaf died in October, two months away from her 48th. Throngs of people had filled the streets of Bucharest on the days of her death, to memorialize the lady who helped popularize the folk music of their country. YearTitleLabel1994Greatest HitsIntercont Music1994Maria Tănase Volume IElectrecord1997Maria Tănase Volume IIElectrecord2000Maria Tănase Volume IIIElectrecord2000Malediction d'AmourOriente Musik2001CiuleandraOriente Musik2002Magic Bird – The Early YearsOriente Musik2007Maria Tănase part IJurnalul Național2007Maria Tănase part IIJurnalul Național2008Discul de aurJurnalul Național2011Anii '30–'40Electrecord2013Cântece popular. 1953–1961Editura Casa Radio
Год Название Лейбл
1994 Величайшие хиты Intercont Music
1994 Мария Тэнасе Том I Electrecord
1997 Мария Тэнасе Том II Electrecord
2000 Мария Тэнасе Том III Electrecord
2000 Malediction d'Amour Oriente Musik
2001 Ciuleandra Oriente Musik
2002 Magic Bird – Ранние годы Oriente Musik
2007 Мария Тэнасе часть I Jurnalul Național
2007 Мария Тэнасе часть II Jurnalul Național
2008 Discul de aur Jurnalul Național
2011 Anii '30–'40 Electrecord
2013 Cântece popular. 1953–1961 Editura Casa Radio
Born in the Bucharest suburb of Cărămidarii de Jos, or Cărămidari, Maria Tănase attended Primary School number 11 from Tăbăcari. Her father, Ion Coanda Tănase, was a master gardener and a florist, also owner of a big nursery on the outskirts of Bucharest, which employed female workers from different various regions of Romania. These women, in turn, would share traditional folk songs and tales which deeply enthralled little Maria, which was to leave a permanent mark on her. She made her stage debut in Cărămidarii de Jos, at the "Ion Heliade Rădulescu" High School. In 1934, she joined the "Cărăbuș" Theatre of Constantin Tănase with the help and advice of newspaper writer Sandu Eliad, who, at that time was her partner. Her real debut took place on 2 June 1934 with the stage name Mary Atanasiu. In the fall of 1937 she recorded her first folk songs at the Columbia studio in Bucharest. On 20 February 1938 her voice was heard for the first time on the radio. Shortly after, she started to develop a local and international following. She represented Romania at the 1939 New York World's Fair. During the first months of the National Legionary State, Tănase was banned from performing in public and her recordings were destroyed. During World War II, together with George Enescu, George Vraca, and Constantin Tănase, she was making stage tours singing in front of soldiers injured on the battlefield. In December 1943, she sang at the Christmas festivities at the Royal Cavalry Regiment, where King Michael I of Romania, Ion Antonescu, Mihai Antonescu, and all the members of the government were present as guests. In 1944 Tănase took time to sing in Edmond Audran's operetta "Mascota" (The Mascot). After World War II, she performed in Review Ensemble Theatre and "Constantin Tănase" Satirical and Musical Theatre. She had parts in the plays "The Living Corpse" by Leo Tolstoy in 1945, and "Horia" by Mihail Davidoglu in 1956. In 1946 she held the main part in the musical comedy "The Hollywood Sphinx", by Ralph Benatzky. She sang in the movie "Romania" in 1947, and in 1958 she performed in both "Ciulinii Bărăganului" (The Thistles of the Bărăgan), and the short reel film "Amintiri din București" (Memories from Bucharest). During these years Maria was also touring a lot, she had over forty trips only to New York City. In 1952, Maria Tănase was offered a position at the Music School No. 1 in Bucharest, in the newly created traditional folk song department; 1962 found her guiding "Taraful Gorjului" (The Gorj Folk Music Band) in Târgu Jiu and the artists from "taraf", at her own request. On 1 May 1963, after a concert in Hunedoara, she was forced to cancel her tour and any other performances due to sickness. On 22 June 1963, she died of cancer. She was buried at the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania. In 1955, Maria Tănase received the State Prize and in 1957 she was honored with the medals "Ordinul Muncii" (The Order for Activity), "Premiul de Stat" (The State Award), and the title "Artistă Emerită" (Honoured Artist of the Republic) for her contributions to the arts. However, within her lifetime, she had also been fondly remembered by many Romanians as their own Edith Piaf, the legendary French singer. Tănase died in June 1963 of lung cancer, three months short of her 50th birthday, whereas Edith Piaf died in October, two months away from her 48th. Throngs of people had filled the streets of Bucharest on the days of her death, to memorialize the lady who helped popularize the folk music of their country. YearTitleLabel1994Greatest HitsIntercont Music1994Maria Tănase Volume IElectrecord1997Maria Tănase Volume IIElectrecord2000Maria Tănase Volume IIIElectrecord2000Malediction d'AmourOriente Musik2001CiuleandraOriente Musik2002Magic Bird – The Early YearsOriente Musik2007Maria Tănase part IJurnalul Național2007Maria Tănase part IIJurnalul Național2008Discul de aurJurnalul Național2011Anii '30–'40Electrecord2013Cântece popular. 1953–1961Editura Casa Radio
Наследие
В 1939 году, после первой встречи с Танасе, Константин Бранкуши сказал ей: "Когда я слышу, как ты поешь, Мария, я смог бы вырезать для каждой нашей песни Птицу в пространстве!" Он считал ее "символом всех румын". Известная русская сопрано Лидия Липковская также была очарована ее искусством: "Никто не смог произвести на меня столь глубокое впечатление своим исполнением традиционных песен и эстрадных произведений, как она. Ее голос проникает в меня, волнует, тревожит настолько сильно, что я всегда ухожу, словно вкусила чудодейственный эликсир; я чувствую, что теряю контроль над своими чувствами!" Николае Иорга назвал ее "Pasărea măiastră" ("Великолепная птица"). Михаил Садовяну считал ее "первой подлинной рапсодисткой" румынского народа. Лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 2009 года Герта Мюллер неоднократно говорила о влиянии, которое Мария Танасе оказала на нее: "Когда я впервые услышала Марию Танасе, она прозвучала для меня невероятно, это был первый раз, когда я по-настоящему почувствовала, что значит фольклор. Румынская народная музыка очень тесно связана с жизнью. Однако немецкий фольклор меня совершенно не вдохновлял". Британский музыкант Найджел Кеннеди вместе с польской группой Kroke отдали дань ее наследию записью под названием "Tribute to Maria Tănase", которая вошла в его альбом 2003 года East Meets East. Музыкальными темами этого трека стали песня Марии Танасе "Luncă, luncă" (Луг, луг) и "Sârba bătrânească" Георгия Замфира. Считается, что персонаж Флорики в первом романе трилогии Оливии Мэннинг "Удачи войны" был создан на основе Марии Танасе. В 2013 году музыкальная группа Pink Martini назвала Марию Танасе одним из своих главных источников вдохновения и сделала кавер-версию песни "Până când nu te iubeam". В 2013 году румынская певица Оана Каталина Чицу, проживающая в Берлине, выпустила альбом "Divine" с песнями из репертуара Марии Танасе. 25 сентября 2013 года Google Romania отметила наследие Марии Танасе дудлом, посвященным 100-летию со дня ее рождения.
In 1939, after meeting Tănase for the first time, Constantin Brâncuși told her: "When I hear you singing, Maria, I would be able to carve for each song of ours a Bird in Space!" He regarded her as a "symbol of all Romanians". Famous Russian soprano Lydia Lipkowska was also fascinated by her artistry: "No one managed to impress me so deeply with the interpretation of traditional songs and pop music pieces in the way she did. Her voice penetrates me, stirs me, disturbs me so strongly that I always leave as if I tasted a miraculous potion; I feel like I don't have control over my own feelings!" Nicolae Iorga famously called her "Pasărea măiastră" ("The Majestic Bird"). Mihail Sadoveanu considered her "the first authentic rhapsodist" of the Romanians. The 2009 Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Herta Müller, has spoken many times about the influence that Maria Tănase had on her: "When I first heard Maria Tănase she sounded incredible to me, it was for the first time that I really felt what folklore meant. Romanian folk music is connected to existence in a very meaningful way. However, German folklore was not at all inspiring for me." British musician Nigel Kennedy with Polish Kroke band celebrated her legacy with a recording titled "Tribute to Maria Tănase", which was included on his 2003 album East Meets East. The musical themes of this track are Maria Tănase's song Luncă, luncă (Meadow, Meadow) and Gheorghe Zamfir's Sârba bătrânească. The character of Florica in the first novel of Olivia Manning's Fortunes of War trilogy is supposed to have been based upon Maria Tănase. In 2013, musical group Pink Martini named Maria Tănase one of their greatest inspirations and covered the song Până când nu te iubeam. In 2013 Romanian singer Oana Cătălina Chițu who lives in Berlin, published album Divine with songs from the repertoire of Maria Tănase. On 25 September 2013, Google Romania celebrated Maria Tănase's legacy with a doodle, which marked what would have been her 100th birthday.