Устаревшие меры длины, веса и объема в Шотландии

Obsolete units of measurement formerly used in Scotland

Scottish or Scots units of measurement are the weights and measures peculiar to Scotland which were nominally replaced by English units in 1685 but continued to be used in unofficial contexts until at least the late 18th century. The system was based on the ell (length), stone (mass), and boll and firlot (volume). This official system coexisted with local variants, especially for the measurement of land area. The system is said to have been introduced by David I of Scotland (1124–53), although there are no surviving records until the 15th century when the system was already in normal use. Standard measures and weights were kept in each burgh, and these were periodically compared against one another at "assizes of measures", often during the early years of the reign of a new monarch. Nevertheless, there was considerable local variation in many of the units, and the units of dry measure steadily increased in size from 1400 to 1700. The Scots units of length were technically replaced by the English system by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland in 1685, and the other units by the Treaty of Union with England in 1706. However, many continued to be used locally during the 18th and 19th centuries. The introduction of the Imperial system by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 saw the end of any formal use in trade and commerce, although some informal use as customary units continued into the 20th century. "Scotch measure" or "Cunningham measure" was brought to parts of Ulster in Ireland by Ulster Scots settlers, and used into the mid 19th century.

Scottish inch The Scottish inch was 25.44 mm, almost the same as the English (and modern international) inch (25.40 mm). foot (Scots: fit) 12 inches (305.3 mm; compare with the English foot of 304.8 mm). Scots ell The ell (ulna) was the basic unit of length, equal to 37 inches (941.3 mm). The "Barony ell" of 42 inches (1069 mm) was used as the basis for land measurement in the Four Towns area near Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. fall (faw) 6 ells, or 222 inches (5.648 m). Identical to the Scots rod and raip ("rope"). Scots mile 320 falls or 5920 feet (1807 metres, compare with the English mile of 5280 English feet or approximately 1609 metres), but varied from place to place. Obsolete by the 19th century.

A number of conflicting systems were used for area, sometimes bearing the same names in different regions, but working on different conversion rates. Because some of the systems were based on what land would produce, rather than the physical area, they are listed in their own section. Please see individual articles for more specific information. Because fertility varied widely, in many areas, production was considered a more practical measure.

+ Standard Measures of Scotland before 1707: Name Unit Dimensions Notes Scottish US customary English Metric SI Metric gill of spirits 6 3/5 cubic inches gill of ale or beer 0.014 gal 0.053 L mutchkin 4 gills 0.056 gal 3 gills 0.212 L chopin 4 mutchkins or 16 gills 0.224 gal 0.848 L Derived from the French measure chopine, from 13th century. pint (Scots) of ale or beer 2 chopins 0.448 gal 3 pints or 1.5 quarts 1.696 L 105 cubic inches 1720.64 cubic centimetres a. k. a. joug pint (Scots) of spirits 2 chopins 28 7/8 cubic inches 473.17 cubic centimetres a. k. a. tappit hen gallon of ale or beer 8 pints 3.584 gal 2.98 (≈3) gallons 13.638 L 846 cubic inches 13,863.45 cubic centimetres gallon of wine or spirits 8 pints 231 cubic inches 35 gills in a gallon of spirits barrel of ale or beer 12 Scots gallons 35.76 (≈36) beer gallons A standard English ale or beer barrel was 34 gallons. barrel of wine or spirits 12 Scots gallons ≈36 gallons hogshead of ale or beer 18.12 (≈18) Scots gallons 54 gallons hogshead of wine or spirits 21.14 (≈21) Scots gallons 63 gallons

Nipperkin was also used, but perhaps not part of this more formal set.