Введение
Албанский военный деятель и коммунистический политик
Хакши Ллеши (1 мая 1913 – 1 января 1998) – албанский военный деятель и коммунистический политик, занимавший пост председателя Президиума Народного собрания Народной Социалистической Республики Албания с 1953 по 1982 год.
Биография
Он родился в семье суннитского албанского мусульманина-гега в Дибре, в Северно-Центральной Албании. В 1920-х годах работал пастухом на родине. В 1922 году, в рамках антизогистского движения, семья Ллеши бежала в Королевство Югославия, где поселилась в Дебаре, а затем в Банджиште близ Дебара. С 1926 по 1931 год он учился в начальной школе, затем в гимназии на албанском языке, а второй и третий классы – на сербохорватском языке в городе Дебар. С началом итальянского вторжения в Албанию, Ллеши и его друг-эмигрант Мыслим Пеза были отправлены в Албанию. Ллеши получал финансовую помощь от югославов, часть которой шла на поддержку разрозненных антиитальянских действий в Албании; наиболее известным был партизанский отряд, известный как "Чета Пезы".
On the eve of the German invasion of Yugoslavia, several paramilitary units (mostly Albanians) backed by the Yugoslav army crossed the border and attacked the Italian positions, badly organized and prepared, in two directions: near Shkodër and near Pogradec (Qafë Thanë). Haxhi Lleshi, leading 200 men, together with his uncle Aqif Lleshi, leading 100 men (both reporting to colonel Gojko Jovanović), crossed the border and positioned from Ostren i Vogël to Bllatë. On 1 August 1953, Lleshi became Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania, a post equivalent to that of president. He was nominally the third most powerful man in Albania, behind general secretary Enver Hoxha and prime minister Mehmet Shehu. During Lleshi's time in power, Albania became known as one of the most independent communist nations, as it feuded with the Soviet Union, became an ally of the People's Republic of China, and then feuded with China in the 1970s. Lleshi retired from his position as chairman of the Presidium on 22 November 1982, after nearly 30 years in office, when Hoxha reshuffled the government. Hoxha died three years later, and during the early 1990s, the communist regime fell, but Lleshi continued to live in Albania. On 13 February 1995, President of Albania Sali Berisha issued decree N. 1018 – on the abolition of all awards and honorary titles awarded to the leaders of the communist regime. This decision affected Enver Hoxha (posthumously), Nexhmije Hoxha (lifetime), Hysni Kapo (posthumously), Shefqet Peçi (lifetime), Gogo Nushi (posthumously), Spiro Koleka (lifetime), Haki Toska (posthumously), Haxhi Lleshi (lifetime). Thus, Lleshi was stripped of the title of People's Hero. Although Lleshi was re elected in the parliament after the fall of the in the multi party elections, In 1996, a group of high ranking Sigurimi functionaries were brought to trial on charges of "genocide and crimes against humanity." The sentences were harsh, including the death penalty, but soon the charges were softened. 83 year old Haxhi Lleshi was sentenced to life imprisonment, but a month later, on 24 July 1996, he was released on bail, taking into account age and health
In 1998, he died from natural causes.
В преддверии немецкого вторжения в Югославию несколько военизированных формирований (в основном албанских), поддержанных югославской армией, пересекли границу и атаковали итальянские позиции, плохо организованные и подготовленные, в двух направлениях: в районе Шкодера и в районе Поградеца (Кафе-Тхане). Хаджи Ллеши, командуя 200 бойцами, вместе со своим дядей Акифом Ллеши, командующим 100 бойцами (оба подчинялись полковнику Гойко Йовановичу), пересекли границу и заняли позиции от Острен-и-Вогёль до Блате. 1 августа 1953 года Ллеши стал председателем Президиума Народного собрания Албании, должность, эквивалентная должности президента. Он номинально являлся третьим по влиятельности человеком в Албании, после генерального секретаря Энвера Ходжи и премьер-министра Мехмета Шеху. В период пребывания Ллеши у власти Албания стала известна как одна из самых независимых коммунистических стран, враждовавших с Советским Союзом, став союзником Китайской Народной Республики, а затем вступивших в конфликт с Китаем в 1970-х годах. Ллеши ушел в отставку с поста председателя Президиума 22 ноября 1982 года, после почти 30 лет на посту, когда Ходжа провел перестановки в правительстве. Ходжа умер три года спустя, и в начале 1990-х годов коммунистический режим пал, но Ллеши продолжал жить в Албании. 13 февраля 1995 года президент Албании Сали Бериша издал указ № 1018 об отмене всех наград и почетных званий, присвоенных лидерам коммунистического режима. Это решение коснулось Энвера Ходжи (посмертно), Нехмие Ходжи (при жизни), Хысни Капо (посмертно), Шефкета Печи (при жизни), Гого Нуши (посмертно), Спиро Колеку (при жизни), Хаки Тоски (посмертно), Хаджи Ллеши (при жизни). Таким образом, Ллеши был лишен звания Народного героя. Несмотря на то, что Ллеши был переизбран в парламент после падения режима на многопартийных выборах, в 1996 году группа высокопоставленных сотрудников Сигурими была привлечена к суду по обвинению в "геноциде и преступлениях против человечности". Приговоры были суровыми, включая смертную казнь, но вскоре обвинения были смягчены. 83-летний Хаджи Ллеши был приговорен к пожизненному заключению, но через месяц, 24 июля 1996 года, он был освобожден под залог, учитывая его возраст и состояние здоровья.
On the eve of the German invasion of Yugoslavia, several paramilitary units (mostly Albanians) backed by the Yugoslav army crossed the border and attacked the Italian positions, badly organized and prepared, in two directions: near Shkodër and near Pogradec (Qafë Thanë). Haxhi Lleshi, leading 200 men, together with his uncle Aqif Lleshi, leading 100 men (both reporting to colonel Gojko Jovanović), crossed the border and positioned from Ostren i Vogël to Bllatë. On 1 August 1953, Lleshi became Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania, a post equivalent to that of president. He was nominally the third most powerful man in Albania, behind general secretary Enver Hoxha and prime minister Mehmet Shehu. During Lleshi's time in power, Albania became known as one of the most independent communist nations, as it feuded with the Soviet Union, became an ally of the People's Republic of China, and then feuded with China in the 1970s. Lleshi retired from his position as chairman of the Presidium on 22 November 1982, after nearly 30 years in office, when Hoxha reshuffled the government. Hoxha died three years later, and during the early 1990s, the communist regime fell, but Lleshi continued to live in Albania. On 13 February 1995, President of Albania Sali Berisha issued decree N. 1018 – on the abolition of all awards and honorary titles awarded to the leaders of the communist regime. This decision affected Enver Hoxha (posthumously), Nexhmije Hoxha (lifetime), Hysni Kapo (posthumously), Shefqet Peçi (lifetime), Gogo Nushi (posthumously), Spiro Koleka (lifetime), Haki Toska (posthumously), Haxhi Lleshi (lifetime). Thus, Lleshi was stripped of the title of People's Hero. Although Lleshi was re elected in the parliament after the fall of the in the multi party elections, In 1996, a group of high ranking Sigurimi functionaries were brought to trial on charges of "genocide and crimes against humanity." The sentences were harsh, including the death penalty, but soon the charges were softened. 83 year old Haxhi Lleshi was sentenced to life imprisonment, but a month later, on 24 July 1996, he was released on bail, taking into account age and health
In 1998, he died from natural causes.
В 1998 году он умер от естественных причин.
On the eve of the German invasion of Yugoslavia, several paramilitary units (mostly Albanians) backed by the Yugoslav army crossed the border and attacked the Italian positions, badly organized and prepared, in two directions: near Shkodër and near Pogradec (Qafë Thanë). Haxhi Lleshi, leading 200 men, together with his uncle Aqif Lleshi, leading 100 men (both reporting to colonel Gojko Jovanović), crossed the border and positioned from Ostren i Vogël to Bllatë. On 1 August 1953, Lleshi became Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania, a post equivalent to that of president. He was nominally the third most powerful man in Albania, behind general secretary Enver Hoxha and prime minister Mehmet Shehu. During Lleshi's time in power, Albania became known as one of the most independent communist nations, as it feuded with the Soviet Union, became an ally of the People's Republic of China, and then feuded with China in the 1970s. Lleshi retired from his position as chairman of the Presidium on 22 November 1982, after nearly 30 years in office, when Hoxha reshuffled the government. Hoxha died three years later, and during the early 1990s, the communist regime fell, but Lleshi continued to live in Albania. On 13 February 1995, President of Albania Sali Berisha issued decree N. 1018 – on the abolition of all awards and honorary titles awarded to the leaders of the communist regime. This decision affected Enver Hoxha (posthumously), Nexhmije Hoxha (lifetime), Hysni Kapo (posthumously), Shefqet Peçi (lifetime), Gogo Nushi (posthumously), Spiro Koleka (lifetime), Haki Toska (posthumously), Haxhi Lleshi (lifetime). Thus, Lleshi was stripped of the title of People's Hero. Although Lleshi was re elected in the parliament after the fall of the in the multi party elections, In 1996, a group of high ranking Sigurimi functionaries were brought to trial on charges of "genocide and crimes against humanity." The sentences were harsh, including the death penalty, but soon the charges were softened. 83 year old Haxhi Lleshi was sentenced to life imprisonment, but a month later, on 24 July 1996, he was released on bail, taking into account age and health
In 1998, he died from natural causes.