Введение
Аргентинская автомобильная компания Industrias Kaiser Argentina S. A. (в основном известная по акронимам IKA) была аргентинским производителем автомобилей, основанным в 1956 году как совместное предприятие с Kaiser Motors из Соединенных Штатов. Штаб-квартира компании находилась в Санта-Исабель, Кордова. Автопроизводитель производил различные модели Kaiser Jeep и American Motors Corporation (AMC), включая самый культовый автомобиль Аргентины – Torino, до партнерства с французским Renault, который выкупил компанию в 1970 году. Kaiser создала Kaiser Automotores, дочернюю компанию, полностью принадлежащую холдинговой компании, которая владела частью недавно созданной Industrias Kaiser Argentina, подразделением по производству и маркетингу. Другими партнерами IKA были Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME), государственное предприятие по производству самолетов и автомобилей, а также частные инвесторы. Публичное предложение акций было переподписано. Первый импорт из США состоял из 1021 полностью собранного автомобиля, производственного оборудования и запасных частей. Торжественная церемония закладки первого камня под новый завод в городе Санта-Исабель провинции Кордова состоялась в марте 1955 года, а первый автомобиль Jeep сошел с конвейера 27 апреля 1956 года. Первоначально производились различные модели Jeep. В их числе – версии CJ, а также пикап Willys Jeep Truck (переименованный в "Baqueano"), универсал Willys Jeep Station Wagon или "Estanciera", а также фургон "Utilitario". Вскоре за этими внедорожниками последовала локальная версия четырехдверного седана Kaiser Manhattan под названием "Carabela", использующая американское производственное оборудование, переданное IKA. Совместное производство моделей Carabela и Jeep в количестве 22 612 единиц составляло 81% от всех автомобилей, произведенных в Аргентине в 1958 году, а единственным конкурентом было государственное предприятие по производству коммунального транспорта. Для расширения маркетинга своих автомобилей в 1958 году IKA спонсировала музыкальное варьете El Show de IKA, в котором участвовал американский вокалист Энди Рассел. Это была самая дорогая телевизионная программа, произведенная в Аргентине, на сцене во время каждого шоу демонстрировался Jeep, и она стала первой, использовавшей камеры, установленные высоко над сценой. В 1959 году аргентино-американская компания подписала лицензионное соглашение с французской фирмой Renault о производстве ее автомобилей в Аргентине. Первой выпущенной моделью стал компактный Renault Dauphine. Локализованные компоненты, произведенные в Кордове, включали четырехцилиндровый двигатель Willys объемом 2480 куб. см, а также заднюю подвеску и барабанные тормоза Jeep, которые также использовались в Estanciera. Автомобиль имел колесную базу и общую длину. Начиная с 31 мая 1961 года, IKA Bergantin оснащался шестицилиндровым двигателем Continental, который уже использовался в моделях Estanciera и Carabela, однако с этим двигателем было выпущено всего 353 экземпляра. Производство IKA Bergantin было завершено 21 февраля 1962 года, было продано почти 5000 единиц в трех версиях: Standard, Deluxe и Taxi cab. В то время завод IKA в Кордове производил около 40 000 автомобилей в год, включая Renault, Jeep, Kaiser и Rambler. В 1962 году между IKA и American Motors Corporation (AMC) было заключено еще одно соглашение о совместном предприятии. Различные модели Rambler, лицензированные American Motors Corporation (AMC), заменили все старые автомобили Kaiser и Alfa Romeo. Для соответствия местным требованиям к локализации Rambler были адаптированы для использования аргентинского двигателя Kaiser. Один и тот же инженер (Ральф Исебрандт) разработал обе трансмиссии. Автомобильный журнал Parabrisas писал, что Ambassador 1965 года был "наивысшим уровнем комфорта, испытанным на данный момент" редакторами. Эта топовая модель в Аргентине оставалась доступной по специальному заказу до 1975 года. К 1966 году завод в Санта-Исабель производил широкий модельный ряд, включавший:
Четыре Renault: Dauphine, Gordini, R4L и R4F
Шесть утилитарных моделей: Jeep, Pick up, Jeep Estanciera (также в версии такси), Jeep truck, Jeep Gladiator (500, 1000 килограммов) с двумя и четырьмя ведущими колесами и Charge
Четыре модели AMC Rambler: Classic Custom, Classic de Luxe, Classic Cross Country (универсал) и Ambassador 990
Модель IKA Torino (купе и седан)
Industrias Kaiser Argentina S. A. (mostly known for its acronym IKA) was an Argentine automobile manufacturer established in 1956 as a joint venture with Kaiser Motors of the United States. Headquartered in Santa Isabel, Córdoba, the automaker produced a variety of Kaiser Jeep vehicles and American Motors Corporation (AMC) models, including Argentina's most iconic car, the Torino, before partnering with France's Renault, which bought it out in 1970. Kaiser created Kaiser Automotores, a wholly owned subsidiary as a holding company that owned part of the newly created Industrias Kaiser Argentina, the manufacturing and marketing arm. Other partners in IKA included Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME), the government owned airplane and vehicle manufacturer, as well as private investors. The public offering of shares of stock was oversubscribed. The first imports from the U. S. consisted of 1,021 complete cars, manufacturing equipment, and spare parts. Groundbreaking for the new factory in the city of Santa Isabel in Córdoba Province was held in March 1955 with the first Jeep vehicle driven out on 27 April 1956. The initial production was of various Jeeps. Models included the CJ versions, as well as the Willys Jeep Truck (renamed "Baqueano") pick up, and the Willys Jeep Station Wagon or "Estanciera" as well as a panel delivery version known as the "Utilitario". These utility vehicles were shortly followed by a local version of the Kaiser Manhattan 4 door sedan, called the "Carabela", using the U. S. production equipment which had been transferred to IKA. The combined Carabela Jeep production of 22,612 units was 81% of all vehicles manufactured in Argentina in 1958 with the only competition being a state run utility vehicle manufacturer. To expand the marketing of its vehicles in 1958, IKA sponsored a musical variety show El Show de IKA that highlighted an American vocalist, Andy Russell. It was the most expensive TV program produced in Argentina, a Jeep was driven on the stage during every show, and the first to use cameras mounted high above the stage. In 1959, the American Argentine company signed a license agreement with French firm Renault to produce its cars in Argentina. The small Renault Dauphine was the first model to be launched. Local content made in Córdoba included a Willys 2480 cc four cylinder engine and the Jeep rear suspension and drum brakes that were also used in the Estanciera. The car rode on a wheelbase with an overall length of Starting on 31 May 1961, the IKA Bergantin received the Continental six cylinder that was already used for the Estanciera and Carabela models, but only 353 units were made with this engine. Production of the IKA Bergantin ended on 21 February 1962, with nearly 5,000 units sold in three versions: Standard, Deluxe, and Taxi cab. At the time, IKA's Cordoba plant produced about 40,000 vehicles annually, including Renaults and Jeeps as well as Kaisers and Ramblers. In 1962, another joint model venture agreement took place between IKA and American Motors Corporation (AMC). Various Rambler models licensed from American Motors Corporation (AMC) replaced all of the old Kaiser and Alfa Romeo based cars. To meet local content regulations the Ramblers were adapted to use an Argentine built Kaiser engine. The same engineer (Ralph H. Isebrandt) had designed both drivetrains. Automotive magazine Parabrisas wrote that the 1965 Ambassador was "the highest expression of comfort tested so far" by the editors. This top model in Argentina continued to be available by special order through 1975. By 1966 the Santa Isabel plant was producing a broad line of models that included the following:
Four Renaults: Dauphine, Gordini, R4L, and R4F
Six utility models: Jeep, Pick up, Jeep Estanciera (also taxi version), Jeep truck, Jeep Gladiator (500, 1000 kilos) in two and four wheel drive and Charge
Four AMC Rambler models: Classic Custom, Classic de Luxe, Classic Cross Country (station wagon), and Ambassador 990
IKA Torino model (coupe and sedan)
In 1967, Régie Nationale des Usines Renault of France assumed control of the company by purchasing a large percentage of the shares of stock and changed its name to "IKA Renault S. A."
В 1967 году Régie Nationale des Usines Renault из Франции взяла на себя контроль над компанией, приобретя значительную долю акций и изменив ее название на "IKA Renault S. A.".
Industrias Kaiser Argentina S. A. (mostly known for its acronym IKA) was an Argentine automobile manufacturer established in 1956 as a joint venture with Kaiser Motors of the United States. Headquartered in Santa Isabel, Córdoba, the automaker produced a variety of Kaiser Jeep vehicles and American Motors Corporation (AMC) models, including Argentina's most iconic car, the Torino, before partnering with France's Renault, which bought it out in 1970. Kaiser created Kaiser Automotores, a wholly owned subsidiary as a holding company that owned part of the newly created Industrias Kaiser Argentina, the manufacturing and marketing arm. Other partners in IKA included Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME), the government owned airplane and vehicle manufacturer, as well as private investors. The public offering of shares of stock was oversubscribed. The first imports from the U. S. consisted of 1,021 complete cars, manufacturing equipment, and spare parts. Groundbreaking for the new factory in the city of Santa Isabel in Córdoba Province was held in March 1955 with the first Jeep vehicle driven out on 27 April 1956. The initial production was of various Jeeps. Models included the CJ versions, as well as the Willys Jeep Truck (renamed "Baqueano") pick up, and the Willys Jeep Station Wagon or "Estanciera" as well as a panel delivery version known as the "Utilitario". These utility vehicles were shortly followed by a local version of the Kaiser Manhattan 4 door sedan, called the "Carabela", using the U. S. production equipment which had been transferred to IKA. The combined Carabela Jeep production of 22,612 units was 81% of all vehicles manufactured in Argentina in 1958 with the only competition being a state run utility vehicle manufacturer. To expand the marketing of its vehicles in 1958, IKA sponsored a musical variety show El Show de IKA that highlighted an American vocalist, Andy Russell. It was the most expensive TV program produced in Argentina, a Jeep was driven on the stage during every show, and the first to use cameras mounted high above the stage. In 1959, the American Argentine company signed a license agreement with French firm Renault to produce its cars in Argentina. The small Renault Dauphine was the first model to be launched. Local content made in Córdoba included a Willys 2480 cc four cylinder engine and the Jeep rear suspension and drum brakes that were also used in the Estanciera. The car rode on a wheelbase with an overall length of Starting on 31 May 1961, the IKA Bergantin received the Continental six cylinder that was already used for the Estanciera and Carabela models, but only 353 units were made with this engine. Production of the IKA Bergantin ended on 21 February 1962, with nearly 5,000 units sold in three versions: Standard, Deluxe, and Taxi cab. At the time, IKA's Cordoba plant produced about 40,000 vehicles annually, including Renaults and Jeeps as well as Kaisers and Ramblers. In 1962, another joint model venture agreement took place between IKA and American Motors Corporation (AMC). Various Rambler models licensed from American Motors Corporation (AMC) replaced all of the old Kaiser and Alfa Romeo based cars. To meet local content regulations the Ramblers were adapted to use an Argentine built Kaiser engine. The same engineer (Ralph H. Isebrandt) had designed both drivetrains. Automotive magazine Parabrisas wrote that the 1965 Ambassador was "the highest expression of comfort tested so far" by the editors. This top model in Argentina continued to be available by special order through 1975. By 1966 the Santa Isabel plant was producing a broad line of models that included the following:
Four Renaults: Dauphine, Gordini, R4L, and R4F
Six utility models: Jeep, Pick up, Jeep Estanciera (also taxi version), Jeep truck, Jeep Gladiator (500, 1000 kilos) in two and four wheel drive and Charge
Four AMC Rambler models: Classic Custom, Classic de Luxe, Classic Cross Country (station wagon), and Ambassador 990
IKA Torino model (coupe and sedan)
In 1967, Régie Nationale des Usines Renault of France assumed control of the company by purchasing a large percentage of the shares of stock and changed its name to "IKA Renault S. A."
1970-е годы
В 1970 году Kaiser Industries приняла решение выйти из автомобильного бизнеса и продала оставшиеся доли в IKA своему партнеру, французской компании Renault, положив тем самым конец истории аргентинского автомобильного производителя. Новое предприятие сосредоточилось на моделях для массового рынка, таких как Renault 12. В 1975 году первоначальный завод в Санта-Исабель сменил название с IKA на Renault Argentina S. A.