Введение
Капитолий штата Южная Каролина — здание, в котором располагается правительство штата Южная Каролина, включая Генеральную Ассамблею Южной Каролины и кабинеты губернатора и вице-губернатора Южной Каролины. Расположенный в столице Колумбии, недалеко от угла улиц Гервейс и Ассамблеи, это здание также размещало Верховный суд до 1971 года. Капитолий выполнен в стиле классического возрождения; его высота составляет приблизительно 180 футов (55 м), длина — 300 футов (91 м), ширина — 100 футов (30 м). Вес здания превышает [значение] и общая площадь составляет [значение].
State capitol building of the U. S. state of South Carolina
The South Carolina State House is the building housing the government of the U. S. state of South Carolina, which includes the South Carolina General Assembly and the offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. Located in the capital city of Columbia near the corner of Gervais and Assembly Streets, the building also housed the Supreme Court until 1971. The State House is in the Classical Revival style; it is approximately 180 feet (55 m) tall, 300 feet (91 m) long, 100 feet (30 m) wide. It weighs more than and has of space.
The South Carolina State House is the building housing the government of the U. S. state of South Carolina, which includes the South Carolina General Assembly and the offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. Located in the capital city of Columbia near the corner of Gervais and Assembly Streets, the building also housed the Supreme Court until 1971. The State House is in the Classical Revival style; it is approximately 180 feet (55 m) tall, 300 feet (91 m) long, 100 feet (30 m) wide. It weighs more than and has of space.
Старая Каролина
Старый Государственный дом был построен в период с 1786 по 1790 год. Архитектором был Джеймс Хобан, молодой ирландец, эмигрировавший в Чарльстон вскоре после революции. По рекомендации Генри Лоуренса президент Вашингтон поручил ему спроектировать президентскую резиденцию в Вашингтоне. На старых фотографиях этих двух зданий заметно архитектурное сходство. Старый Государственный дом был уничтожен во время пожара в Колумбии в 1865 году.
The old State House was constructed between 1786 and 1790. James Hoban, a young Irishman who emigrated to Charleston shortly after the Revolution, was the architect. Upon the recommendation of Henry Laurens, President Washington engaged him to design the executive mansion in Washington. Old pictures of the two buildings show architectural similarities. The Old State House was destroyed during the burning of Columbia in 1865.
Архитектура
Государственный дом Южной Каролины был первоначально спроектирован архитектором П. Х. Хаммарскольдом. Строительство началось в 1851 году, но первоначальный архитектор был уволен за мошенничество и халатность. Вскоре после этого конструкция была в значительной степени разобрана из-за некачественных материалов и работ. Джон Нирнзи перепроектировал здание, и работы начались в 1855 году, замедлились во время Гражданской войны и были приостановлены в 1865 году, когда армия генерала В. Т. Шермана вошла в Колумбию 17 февраля. Несколько общественных зданий были преданы огню, когда войска Соединенных Штатов вошли в город. Новое здание Капитолия, все еще находившееся в строительстве, было повреждено артиллерийским огнем. Старое здание Капитолия было подожжено войсками армии США под командованием Шермана. Бедность эпохи Реконструкции замедлила прогресс. Основная структура здания была окончательно завершена в 1875 году. С 1888 по 1891 год сын Нирнзи, Фрэнк МакГенри Нирнзи, был архитектором, и большая часть внутренних работ была завершена. В 1900 году архитектором стал Фрэнк Пирс Милберн, но в 1905 году его сменил Чарльз Кокер Уилсон, который окончательно завершил отделку фасада в 1907 году. Дополнительные ремонты были проведены в 1959 и 1998 годах. В 1976 году здание было объявлено Национальным историческим памятником за его значение в период после Гражданской войны, в эпоху Реконструкции.
The South Carolina State House was designed first by architect P. H. Hammarskold. Construction began in 1851, but the original architect was dismissed for fraud and dereliction of duty. Soon thereafter, the structure was largely dismantled because of defective materials and workmanship. John Niernsee redesigned the structure and work began on it in 1855, slowed during the Civil War, and was suspended in 1865 as General W. T. Sherman's U. S. Army entered Columbia on February 17. Several public buildings were "put to the torch" when United States troops entered the city. The new capitol building, still under construction, was damaged by artillery shells. The old capitol building was set afire by U. S. Army troops under Sherman's command. Reconstruction era poverty slowed progress. The building's main structure was finally completed in 1875. From 1888 to 1891, Niernsee's son, Frank McHenry Niernsee, served as architect and much of the interior work was completed. In 1900 Frank Pierce Milburn began as architect, but was replaced in 1905 by Charles Coker Wilson who finally finished the exterior in 1907. Additional renovations were made in 1959 and 1998. The State House was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its significance in the post Civil War Reconstruction Era.
Основания
Земля вокруг здания Законодательного собрания штата Южная Каролина значительно изменилась с момента строительства первого здания Законодательного собрания в Колумбии в 1786 году. Территория не была благоустроена или спроектирована, и общественность постоянно отмечала это место как позор для штата. С возведением нынешнего здания Законодательного собрания в 1850-х годах в центре улицы Мейн (Ричардсон), территория была расширена до улицы Самтер на восток, но оставалась строительной площадкой до окончания Гражданской войны и сожжения Колумбии и территории. Законодательные органы штата после Реконструкции первыми разработали планы по оформлению территории. Ландшафтный архитектор Эдвард Отто Швагерл в 1878 году разработал живописный план с извилистыми тропами и дорожками, окружающими здание; он не содержал предложений относительно расположения или возведения памятников, был выполнен лишь частично и плохо поддерживался. Жалобы на территорию побудили Городскую лигу по улучшению благоустройства разработать план по улучшению и расширению территории в рамках генерального плана «Город прекрасный» для города, разработанного бостонской фирмой Kelsey & Guild в 1904 году, но он так и не был реализован. В этот период на территории были установлены памятники, не учитывая их общую композицию или связь со зданием, и общественность продолжала жаловаться на состояние территории вплоть до 1960-х годов.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Памятник Пальметто
Законодательное собрание выделило средства на этот памятник, созданный Кристофером Вернером в 1856 году; это чугунный и медный пальметто, посвященный полку Пальметто, солдатам Южной Каролины в Мексикано-американской войне. Южная Каролина была заинтересована в исходе войны, поскольку приобретение новых территорий изменило баланс штатов в Конгрессе США.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Памятник погибшим конфедератам Южной Каролины
Этот мемориал конфедератам был воздвигнут в 1879 году и открыт перед толпой в 15 000 человек. Обелиск был спроектирован Малдуном, Уокером и Коббом, а скульптура – Карло Николи. Ассоциация памятников Южной Каролины, группа белых женщин, впервые задумала скульптуру в 1869 году как ранний пример увековечивания памяти Конфедерации и «Потерянного дела». Они планировали установить его в другом месте (Холм Тейлора возле резиденции губернатора), но окончание Реконструкции и отстранение бирасового, возглавляемого республиканцами, законодательного собрания штата позволили воздвигнуть скульптуру и обелиск на территории здания Законодательного собрания. Он был установлен на северо-восточной стороне территории после выборов 1876 года губернатора Уэйда Хэмптона III, которые были отмечены мошенничеством и насилием. Статуя на вершине обелиска памятника была сильно повреждена молнией в 1882 году, но была заменена штатом два года спустя и перемещена на нынешнее место на оси с северным входом в здание Законодательного собрания. Флаг был перенесен к памятнику 1 июля 2000 года после принятия Закона о наследии Южной Каролины и десятилетий дебатов и бойкотов штата по этому вопросу, а затем передан в Южно-Каролинский музей реликвий Конфедерации и военной истории.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Памятник женщинам Конфедерации
бронзовый памятник Конфедерации, по проекту Фредерика У. Ракстулла, воздвигнутый в 1912 году и продвигаемый Объединенными ветеранами Конфедерации.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Строум Турмонд
В конце 1990-х годов штат установил статую в честь бывшего губернатора Южной Каролины, сенатора США и кандидата в президенты от партии «Диксикраты». Первоначальная надпись с именами детей Турмонда позже была изменена, чтобы включить имя Эсси Мэй Вашингтон Уильямс, дочери Турмонда и афроамериканской служанки.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Бенджамин Тиллман (открыт в 1940 году)
Сенатор США; этот памятник является спорным из-за яростного расизма Тиллмана, поддержки законов Джима Кроу и пропаганды террора в отношении чернокожих, пытавшихся голосовать во время Реконструкции. В 2017 году протестующие призвали к его демонтажу.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Доктор Дж. Марион Симс
Памятник Симсу, врачу из Южной Каролины и пионеру в области гинекологии, расположен на территории здания Законодательного собрания недалеко от пересечения улиц Ассамблеи и Джерве. Этот памятник является спорным, поскольку Симс проводил хирургические эксперименты на порабощенных женщинах без анестезии.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Памятник истории афроамериканцев
санкционирован Актом 457 Генеральной Ассамблеи и открыт 26 марта 2001 года.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Мемориал правоохранительных органов
Возведенный в 2005 году, этот мемориал чтит офицеров правоохранительных органов Южной Каролины, погибших при исполнении служебных обязанностей.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.
Капитан Свонсон Лансфорд (ум. 1799), американский офицер Революционной войны, родом из Вирджинии, который когда-то владел землей, которая сейчас является частью территории здания Законодательного собрания, похоронен на территории здания Законодательного собрания, вместе с памятным знаком, установленным его потомками в 1953 году.
The land around the South Carolina State House has changed dramatically since the construction of the first State House in Columbia in 1786. The grounds were not maniscured or designed and the public consistently commented upon the site as a disgrace to the state. With the erection of the current State House in the 1850s at the center of Main (Richardson) Street, the grounds were extended to Sumter Street to the east but remained an active construction site until after the Civil War and the burning of Columbia and the grounds. The state legislatures following Reconstruction were the first to make plans for the grounds' design. Landscape architect Edward Otto Schwagerl drew plans in 1878 for a picturesque plan of winding paths and drives to surround the building; it made no suggestions for the location or erection of monuments, was only partially executed, and was poorly maintained. Complaints about the grounds led the city's Civic Improvement League to design a plan for the grounds' improvement and expansion as part of a City Beautiful master plan for the city from Boston firm Kelsey & Guild in 1904, but it was never executed. Monuments were added to the grounds during this period with little consideration of their overall configuration or relationship to the building and the public continued to complain about the property's condition into the 1960s. Palmetto Monument The legislature appropriate funds for this monument, created by Christopher Werner, in 1856; it is a cast iron and copper palmetto commemorating the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina's soldiers in the Mexican American War. South Carolina had a vested interest in the war's outcomes as the acquisition of new territory changed the balance of states in the U. S. Congress. South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead This Confederate memorial was erected in 1879, and was unveiled before a crowd of 15,000. The obelisk was designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb and the sculpture designed by Carlo Nicoli. The South Carolina Monument Association, a group of white women, originally conceived of the sculpture in 1869 as an early example of Confederate commemoration and the Lost Cause commemoration. They planned it for a different location (Taylor's Hill near the governor's mansion), but the end of Reconstruction and ousting of the biracial, Republican led state legislature made it possible for the sculpture and obelisk to be erected on the State House grounds. It was installed on the northeast side of the grounds following the 1876 election of Governor Wade Hampton III in a fraudulent and violent election. The statue atop the monument's obelisk was largely destroyed by lightning in 1882, but was replaced by the state two years later and relocated to its current site on axis with the State House's north entrance. The flag was moved near the monument on July 1, 2000, after the passage of the South Carolina Heritage Act and decades of debate and boycotts of the state over the issue. and given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum. Monument to Women of the Confederacy a bronze Confederate monument, by Frederic W. Ruckstull, erected in 1912 and promoted by the United Confederate Veterans. Strom Thurmond In the late 1990s, the state erected a statue in honor of the former South Carolina governor, U. S. senator, and Dixiecrat candidate for president. The original inscription of the names of Thurmond's children were later altered to include the name of Essie Mae Washington Williams, the daughter of Thurmond and an African American maid. Benjamin Tillman (dedicated 1940) U. S. Senator; this monument is controversial due to Tillman's virulent racism, support for Jim Crow, and advocacy of terrorizing blacks who attempted to vote during Reconstruction. In 2017, protestors called for its removal. Dr. J. Marion Sims A monument to Sims, a South Carolina physician and pioneer in gynecology, is located on State House grounds near the intersection of Assembly and Gervais streets. This monument is controversial because Sims engaged in surgical experimentation on enslaved women without anesthesia. African American History Monument authorized by Act 457 of the General Assembly and unveiled on March 26, 2001. Law Enforcement Memorial Erected in 2005, this memorial honors South Carolina law enforcement officers killed while on duty. Captain Swanson Lunsford (d. 1799), a Virginia born American Revolutionary War officer who once owned land that is now part of the State House, is buried on State House grounds, along with a marker erected by his descendants in 1953.