Введение
Организация в политике США для определения, стоит ли кому-либо баллотироваться на должность.
In the election politics of the United States, an exploratory committee is an organization established to help determine whether a potential candidate should run for an elected office. They are most often cited in reference to candidates for president of the United States prior to campaign announcements and the primaries. Exploratory committees allow prospective candidates to raise money and hire staff, and they do not have to report financial activity to the Federal Election Commission. Forming an exploratory committee for president almost always precedes an official candidacy, though some, such as Paul Wellstone in 2000 and Evan Bayh in 2008, have declined to formally run. Exploratory committees may be governed by law. For example, the District of Columbia legally defines Exploratory Committees as (in DC Official Code § 1 1101.01(6)(B)(vi)):
Exploratory, draft or "testing the waters" committees are formed solely for the purpose of determining the feasibility of an individual’s candidacy for office. The activities of exploratory committees may include polling, travel, and telephone calls to determine whether the individual should become a candidate. NPR reporter Ron Elving described the use of exploratory committees in his story, "Declaring for President is a Dance of Seven Veils," which aired on December 5, 2006. He wrote:
The exploratory committee has been around for decades, and technically it creates a legal shell for a candidate who expects to spend more than $5,000 while contemplating an actual run. Under the rules, exploratory money may be raised without the full disclosure of sources required of true candidates. Only when the candidate drops the exploratory label does the full responsibility of transparency apply. Candidates use an exploratory committee as not only a transitional phase for their bookkeeping but as an extra claim on media attention. Some of the most skillful handlers like to leak word that their candidate is testing the waters, then leak word that he or she is thinking about forming an exploratory committee. Additional "news" can be made when the same candidate actually forms such a committee and registers with the Federal Election Commission. Yet a fourth round of attention may be generated when the word exploratory gets dropped from the committee filing.
В избирательной политике Соединенных Штатов исследовательский комитет – это организация, созданная для определения того, должен ли потенциальный кандидат баллотироваться на выборную должность. Чаще всего упоминания о них встречаются в связи с кандидатами в президенты Соединенных Штатов до объявления о начале предвыборной кампании и проведения праймериз. Исследовательские комитеты позволяют потенциальным кандидатам привлекать средства и нанимать сотрудников, при этом они не обязаны отчитываться о своей финансовой деятельности в Федеральную избирательную комиссию. Формирование исследовательского комитета для участия в президентских выборах почти всегда предшествует официальной регистрации кандидатуры, хотя некоторые, такие как Пол Уэлстон в 2000 году и Эван Бэй в 2008 году, отказались от официального участия в выборах. Такие комитеты могут регулироваться законом. Например, в законодательстве округа Колумбия исследовательские комитеты юридически определены как (в Кодексе законов округа Колумбия § 1 1101.01(6)(B)(vi)): исследовательские, подготовительные или комитеты "проверки обстановки" создаются исключительно с целью определения целесообразности выдвижения кандидатуры лица на должность. Деятельность исследовательских комитетов может включать проведение опросов, поездки и телефонные звонки для определения, следует ли лицу становиться кандидатом. Репортер NPR Рон Элвинг описал использование исследовательских комитетов в своей статье "Объявление о кандидатуре в президенты – это танец семи покрывал", опубликованной 5 декабря 2006 года. Он писал:
In the election politics of the United States, an exploratory committee is an organization established to help determine whether a potential candidate should run for an elected office. They are most often cited in reference to candidates for president of the United States prior to campaign announcements and the primaries. Exploratory committees allow prospective candidates to raise money and hire staff, and they do not have to report financial activity to the Federal Election Commission. Forming an exploratory committee for president almost always precedes an official candidacy, though some, such as Paul Wellstone in 2000 and Evan Bayh in 2008, have declined to formally run. Exploratory committees may be governed by law. For example, the District of Columbia legally defines Exploratory Committees as (in DC Official Code § 1 1101.01(6)(B)(vi)):
Exploratory, draft or "testing the waters" committees are formed solely for the purpose of determining the feasibility of an individual’s candidacy for office. The activities of exploratory committees may include polling, travel, and telephone calls to determine whether the individual should become a candidate. NPR reporter Ron Elving described the use of exploratory committees in his story, "Declaring for President is a Dance of Seven Veils," which aired on December 5, 2006. He wrote:
The exploratory committee has been around for decades, and technically it creates a legal shell for a candidate who expects to spend more than $5,000 while contemplating an actual run. Under the rules, exploratory money may be raised without the full disclosure of sources required of true candidates. Only when the candidate drops the exploratory label does the full responsibility of transparency apply. Candidates use an exploratory committee as not only a transitional phase for their bookkeeping but as an extra claim on media attention. Some of the most skillful handlers like to leak word that their candidate is testing the waters, then leak word that he or she is thinking about forming an exploratory committee. Additional "news" can be made when the same candidate actually forms such a committee and registers with the Federal Election Commission. Yet a fourth round of attention may be generated when the word exploratory gets dropped from the committee filing.
"Исследовательские комитеты существуют уже несколько десятилетий и, технически, создают правовую структуру для кандидата, который ожидает потратить более 5000 долларов, обдумывая возможность участия в выборах. Согласно правилам, средства для исследовательских целей могут привлекаться без полного раскрытия источников, требуемого от настоящих кандидатов. Только после отказа кандидата от статуса исследовательского комитета на него распространяется полная ответственность за прозрачность. Кандидаты используют исследовательский комитет не только как переходный этап для ведения бухгалтерского учета, но и как дополнительный способ привлечения внимания средств массовой информации. Некоторые из самых опытных специалистов любят распространять информацию о том, что их кандидат "прощупывает почву", а затем – о том, что он или она рассматривает возможность создания исследовательского комитета. Дополнительные "новости" можно создать, когда тот же кандидат фактически формирует такой комитет и регистрируется в Федеральной избирательной комиссии. И еще один раунд внимания может быть вызван, когда слово "исследовательский" будет исключено из названия комитета."
In the election politics of the United States, an exploratory committee is an organization established to help determine whether a potential candidate should run for an elected office. They are most often cited in reference to candidates for president of the United States prior to campaign announcements and the primaries. Exploratory committees allow prospective candidates to raise money and hire staff, and they do not have to report financial activity to the Federal Election Commission. Forming an exploratory committee for president almost always precedes an official candidacy, though some, such as Paul Wellstone in 2000 and Evan Bayh in 2008, have declined to formally run. Exploratory committees may be governed by law. For example, the District of Columbia legally defines Exploratory Committees as (in DC Official Code § 1 1101.01(6)(B)(vi)):
Exploratory, draft or "testing the waters" committees are formed solely for the purpose of determining the feasibility of an individual’s candidacy for office. The activities of exploratory committees may include polling, travel, and telephone calls to determine whether the individual should become a candidate. NPR reporter Ron Elving described the use of exploratory committees in his story, "Declaring for President is a Dance of Seven Veils," which aired on December 5, 2006. He wrote:
The exploratory committee has been around for decades, and technically it creates a legal shell for a candidate who expects to spend more than $5,000 while contemplating an actual run. Under the rules, exploratory money may be raised without the full disclosure of sources required of true candidates. Only when the candidate drops the exploratory label does the full responsibility of transparency apply. Candidates use an exploratory committee as not only a transitional phase for their bookkeeping but as an extra claim on media attention. Some of the most skillful handlers like to leak word that their candidate is testing the waters, then leak word that he or she is thinking about forming an exploratory committee. Additional "news" can be made when the same candidate actually forms such a committee and registers with the Federal Election Commission. Yet a fourth round of attention may be generated when the word exploratory gets dropped from the committee filing.