Иранское искусство: Влияние политики и традиций.

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A cursory glance at the history of art reveals that social, political and economic conditions have always played a major role in the emergence of new artistic currents and styles. As an example Flight by Morteza Katouzian is showing the marginalized people who have no freedom as result of political changes. In Iran, the social and political developments of the 1940s radically altered the evolution of this country's plastic arts and entirely altering its natural path.

The modern art movement in Iran had its genesis in the late 1940s and early 1950s. This was the period after the death of famous Persian painter, Kamal ol molk (1852–1940) and thus symbolically the end of a rigid adherence to academic painting. The College of Fine Arts at Tehran University (now University of Tehran) served as an important place for students interested in modern art. The earliest College of Fine Arts students graduated in 1946, this group included Javad Hamidi, Shokouh Riazi, Jalil Ziapour, and Ahmad Esfandiari; all of which went on to continue their painting studies in Paris. The 1949 opening of the Apadana gallery in Tehran by Mahmoud Javadipour and other colleagues, and the emergence of artists like Marcos Grigorian in the 1950s, signaled a commitment to the creation of a form of modern art grounded in Iran. Grigorian found influence for his art in popular Iranian culture, specifically a coffee house storyteller culture and the visual language of dry earth and mud.

Aminollah Rezaei was the first to bring surrealist painting to Iran. For this reason, some consider him the father of surrealist painting in Iran. He had a special style in this school. Rezai's paintings range from surrealist and symbolic works to so called black and thoughtful humorous cartoons. The political theme, and the anatomical form of a precise and elaborate species, the combination of human and animal limbs or the deformation of the body can be seen in his paintings. He was ruled but did not accept it. He also won an honorary diploma in handicrafts from Bangalore, India, from the Asian Cultural Exchange. His oil paintings have been exhibited in the Surrealists' Exhibition at the Persepolis Gallery at the Shiraz Art Festival. Artists associated with Saqqakhaneh successfully combined western art stylistic traditions and local symbols including calligraphy, zodiac signs, astrolabes, amulets and talismans in order to devise a distinctly local visual language. Religious motifs, such as the hand or a bowl, also featured prominently in Saqqakhaneh works. Saqqakhaneh school is a movement of neo traditional modern art that is found in Iran, rooted in a history of coffee house paintings and Shiʿite Islam visual elements. The word Saqqakhaneh originally referred to a type of water fountain shrine found locally, and came to represent a movement characterised heavily by symbolism. Other motifs found throughout the region were incorporated into the artistic movement – the hand being a prime example. By the late 1960s into the 1970s he Saqqakhaneh school artists of Iran had international prominence and this helped pave the way for the opening of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in 1977. The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art boasting an important collection of both Western and Iranian artists. In 2013, Layla S. Diba and Fereshteh Daftari co curated the exhibition, Iran Modern (2013) shown at the Asia Society in New York City. The exhibition was the first major exhibition of modern art from Iran, featuring 26 artists which included Ahmad Aali, Abbas, Massoud Arabshahi, Siah Armajani, Mohammad Ehsai, Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, Mansour Ghandriz, Marcos Grigorian, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Nahid Hagigat, Bahman Jalali, Rana Javadi, Reza Mafi, Leyly Matine Daftary, Ardeshir Mohassess, Bahman Mohassess, Nicky Nodjoumi, Houshang Pezeshknia, Faramarz Pilaram, Behjat Sadr, Abolghassem Saidi, Sohrab Sepehri, Parviz Tanavoli, Mohsen Vaziri Moqaddam, Manoucher Yektai, and Hossein Zenderoudi. The exhibition was divided into sections including Saqqakhaneh and neotraditional art styles influenced by folk art history, abstract art, and calligraphy.

Art movements, such as Saqqakhaneh, were significant precursors to the school of calligraphic painting. In Iran, the calligraphic art movement was known as Naqqashi Katt (or Naqqashikatt). It was one of a number of art movements that emerged across the Middle East in the mid 20th century. Although these groups of artists emerged independently across North Africa and the Middle East, the common thread was that each searched for ways to integrate tradition and modernity in a way that would contribute to a distinctive local visual language. Each of these groups went by a different labels at the local level. In Jordan, the movement emerged in the 1950s and was known as Hurufiyaa. while in Iraq, the movement was known as Al Bu'd al Wahad (One Dimension Group). In Sudan, the movement was known.