Введение
Сражение 1915 года на Итальянском фронте во время Первой мировой войны.
After roughly two and a half months of reprieve to recuperate from the casualties incurred from frontal assaults from the First and Second Battle of the Isonzo, Luigi Cadorna, Italian commander in chief, understood that artillery played a fundamental role on the front and brought the total number to 1,250 pieces. As well as improving artillery, the Italian Army was also issued Adrian Helmets, which proved useful in some situations but overall ineffective. The main objectives were to take the Austro Hungarian bridgeheads at Bovec (Plezzo in Italian), Tolmin, and (if possible) the town of Gorizia. Cadorna's tactic, of deploying his forces evenly along the entire Soča (Isonzo), proved indecisive, and the Austro Hungarians took advantage of this by concentrating their firepower in certain areas. Specifically, the two objectives of the attack were Mount Sabotino and Mount San Michele. The Italians made some progress before they were eventually forced back by the Austro Hungarians. Although the second Italian army had possession of Mt. Sabotino for a brief period of time, they were countered by the Austro Hungarians'. The Third Army was able to approach Mt. San Michele, but were met with machine gun fire when attempting to sneak around the flank that was guarding Gorizia. The Austro Hungarians did not lose as many men during this, but proportionally, each side suffered similar losses. He assumed that the morale of Italian soldiers would win the battles at the end of the day. It was not until this Third Battle that he actually considered the sizes of troops and the amount of gunpower they possessed. Because he concentrated his attacks in very small areas, the Austro Hungarians were able to do the same exact thing; therefore there was literally no advantage besides the fact that Cadorna had brought a few more troops in. However, because of the terrain and the area of the attack, the larger numbers also did not do the Italians much good.
После примерно двух с половиной месяцев передышки для восстановления сил после потерь, понесенных в результате фронтальных атак в Первой и Второй битвах при Изонцо, Луиджи Кадорна, итальянский главнокомандующий, осознал фундаментальную роль артиллерии на фронте и увеличил её общее количество до 1250 орудий. Наряду с усилением артиллерии, итальянской армии были выданы шлемы Адриана, которые оказались полезными в некоторых ситуациях, но в целом были неэффективны. Основными целями были захват австро-венгерских плацдармов у Бовеца (Plezzo на итальянском языке), Толмина и (по возможности) города Гориция. Тактика Кадорны, заключавшаяся в равномерном распределении войск вдоль всей реки Соча (Изонцо), оказалась нерешительной, и австро-венгры воспользовались этим, сосредоточив огонь в определенных районах. В частности, двумя целями атаки были горы Саботино и Сан-Микеле. Итальянцы добились некоторого продвижения, прежде чем были вынуждены отступить под натиском австро-венгров. Хотя Вторая итальянская армия на короткое время овладела горой Саботино, австро-венгры отбили её. Третья армия смогла приблизиться к горе Сан-Микеле, но была встречена шквальным пулеметным огнем при попытке обойти фланговый участок, охранявший Горицию. Австро-венгры понесли относительно небольшие потери, однако пропорционально обе стороны претерпели схожие потери. Кадорна полагал, что моральный дух итальянских солдат обеспечит победу в конечном итоге. Лишь в этой Третьей битве он всерьез оценил численность войск и их огневую мощь. Поскольку он сосредоточил свои атаки на небольших участках, австро-венгры смогли сделать то же самое, и, таким образом, у Кадорны не было существенного преимущества, кроме небольшого превосходства в численности войск. Однако из-за особенностей местности и района атаки, даже численное превосходство не принесло итальянцам значительной пользы.
After roughly two and a half months of reprieve to recuperate from the casualties incurred from frontal assaults from the First and Second Battle of the Isonzo, Luigi Cadorna, Italian commander in chief, understood that artillery played a fundamental role on the front and brought the total number to 1,250 pieces. As well as improving artillery, the Italian Army was also issued Adrian Helmets, which proved useful in some situations but overall ineffective. The main objectives were to take the Austro Hungarian bridgeheads at Bovec (Plezzo in Italian), Tolmin, and (if possible) the town of Gorizia. Cadorna's tactic, of deploying his forces evenly along the entire Soča (Isonzo), proved indecisive, and the Austro Hungarians took advantage of this by concentrating their firepower in certain areas. Specifically, the two objectives of the attack were Mount Sabotino and Mount San Michele. The Italians made some progress before they were eventually forced back by the Austro Hungarians. Although the second Italian army had possession of Mt. Sabotino for a brief period of time, they were countered by the Austro Hungarians'. The Third Army was able to approach Mt. San Michele, but were met with machine gun fire when attempting to sneak around the flank that was guarding Gorizia. The Austro Hungarians did not lose as many men during this, but proportionally, each side suffered similar losses. He assumed that the morale of Italian soldiers would win the battles at the end of the day. It was not until this Third Battle that he actually considered the sizes of troops and the amount of gunpower they possessed. Because he concentrated his attacks in very small areas, the Austro Hungarians were able to do the same exact thing; therefore there was literally no advantage besides the fact that Cadorna had brought a few more troops in. However, because of the terrain and the area of the attack, the larger numbers also did not do the Italians much good.
Последствия
Кадорна решил атаковать снова через неделю, начав Четвертую битву при Изонцо. Однако лишь к шестой битве итальянцы смогли добиться продвижения и закрепиться в Гориции.