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Содержание
Введение
Мельский язык, распространённый в Западной Африке.
Mel language spoken in West Africa
Язык кисси (или киси) относится к мельным языкам Западной Африки. Существуют два диалекта – северный и южный, и оба являются тональными. На северном диалекте говорят в Гвинее и Сьерра-Леоне. Южный диалект распространён в Либерии и Сьерра-Леоне. Эти два диалекта заметно различаются, но тесно взаимосвязаны. В Гвинее основными районами, где говорят на кисси, являются города Киссидугу и Геккеду, а также их префектуры.
Kissi (or Kisi) is a Mel language of West Africa, There are two dialects, northern and southern, and both are tonal languages. The northern dialect is spoken in Guinea and in Sierra Leone. The southern dialect is spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The two dialects are notably different, but are closely related. In Guinea, the main places Kissi is spoken are the cities of Kissidougou and Guéckédou and their préfectures.
Тон
Кисси имеет четыре тона: два регистровых и два контурных. Два регистровых тона – ровный и высокий, а два контурных тона – восходящий средний и нисходящий высокий. В языке кисси также есть сверхвысокий тон, но он встречается редко и используется лишь в нескольких грамматических контекстах.
Kissi has four tones: two register and two contour. The two register tones are level and high, and the two contour tones are a rising mid tone and a falling high tone. Kissi also has an extra high tone, but occurs only sparingly, functioning in only a few grammatical contexts.
Заимствования
y /i/ I y tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Я иду туда.
a /a/ You a tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Ты идешь туда.
o /o/ He/She o tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Он/она идет туда.
n /n/ We n tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Мы идем туда.
la /la/ You (plural) la tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Вы идете туда.
aa /aː/ They aa tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. Они идут туда.
Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation y /i/ I y tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. I'm going there. a /a/ You a tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. o /o/ He/She o tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. He's going there. n /n/ We n tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. We're going there. la /la/ You (plural) la tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. aa /aː/ They aa tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. They're going there. As you can already see from these examples, verbs aren't conjugated like English verbs, but they are inflected by tone. Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation ya /ja/ Me o tyo ya lɔ. yɔŋgu ya ho. / k'ya ho. He's going to beat me. Give me that. nɔm /nɔm/ You y tyo nɔm lɔ. I'm going to beat you. ndu /ndu/ Him /Her y tyo ndu lɔ. o tyo ndu pilɛ lɔ. I'm going to beat him / her. He's going to beat himself. na /na/ Us o tyo na lɔ. He's going to beat us. nia /nia/ You (plural) o tyo nia lɔ. He's going to beat you. ndaa /ndaː/ Them o tyo ndaa lɔ. He's going to beat them.
Как вы уже можете видеть из этих примеров, глаголы не спрягаются, как английские глаголы, но изменяются по тону.
Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation y /i/ I y tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. I'm going there. a /a/ You a tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. o /o/ He/She o tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. He's going there. n /n/ We n tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. We're going there. la /la/ You (plural) la tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. aa /aː/ They aa tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. They're going there. As you can already see from these examples, verbs aren't conjugated like English verbs, but they are inflected by tone. Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation ya /ja/ Me o tyo ya lɔ. yɔŋgu ya ho. / k'ya ho. He's going to beat me. Give me that. nɔm /nɔm/ You y tyo nɔm lɔ. I'm going to beat you. ndu /ndu/ Him /Her y tyo ndu lɔ. o tyo ndu pilɛ lɔ. I'm going to beat him / her. He's going to beat himself. na /na/ Us o tyo na lɔ. He's going to beat us. nia /nia/ You (plural) o tyo nia lɔ. He's going to beat you. ndaa /ndaː/ Them o tyo ndaa lɔ. He's going to beat them.
ya /ja/ Me o tyo ya lɔ. Он собирается меня ударить.
yɔŋgu ya ho. Дай мне это.
nɔm /nɔm/ You y tyo nɔm lɔ. Я собираюсь ударить тебя.
ndu /ndu/ Him /Her y tyo ndu lɔ. Я собираюсь ударить его/ее. o tyo ndu pilɛ lɔ. Он собирается ударить себя.
na /na/ Us o tyo na lɔ. Он собирается ударить нас.
nia /nia/ You (plural) o tyo nia lɔ. Он собирается ударить вас.
ndaa /ndaː/ Them o tyo ndaa lɔ. Он собирается ударить их.
Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation y /i/ I y tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. I'm going there. a /a/ You a tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. o /o/ He/She o tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. He's going there. n /n/ We n tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. We're going there. la /la/ You (plural) la tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. You're going there. aa /aː/ They aa tyo kɔlaŋ loŋ. They're going there. As you can already see from these examples, verbs aren't conjugated like English verbs, but they are inflected by tone. Kissi pronoun Pronunciation English pronoun Kissi example English translation ya /ja/ Me o tyo ya lɔ. yɔŋgu ya ho. / k'ya ho. He's going to beat me. Give me that. nɔm /nɔm/ You y tyo nɔm lɔ. I'm going to beat you. ndu /ndu/ Him /Her y tyo ndu lɔ. o tyo ndu pilɛ lɔ. I'm going to beat him / her. He's going to beat himself. na /na/ Us o tyo na lɔ. He's going to beat us. nia /nia/ You (plural) o tyo nia lɔ. He's going to beat you. ndaa /ndaː/ Them o tyo ndaa lɔ. He's going to beat them.