Ликопин: свойства, источники и применение

Carotenoid pigment
chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464394622
| ImageFile = Lycopene powder. jpg
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Lycopene. svg
| ImageSize2 = 350px
| ImageFile3 = Lycopene 3D balls (rotated). png
| ImageSize3 = 250px
| IUPACName = ψ,ψ Carotene
| SystematicName = (6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E) 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31 Octamethyldotriaconta 2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30 tridecaene
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|Section2=Chembox Properties
| C=40 | H=56
| Appearance = deep red solid
| Density = 0.889 g/cm3
| MeltingPtC = 177
| MeltingPt ref =
| BoilingPtC = 660.9
| BoilingPt notes = at 760 mmHg
| Solubility1 = 1 g/L (14 °C) Lycopene (from the Neo Latin Lycopersicon, the name of a former tomato genus) is a bright red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Aside from tomatoes, it is found in red carrots, watermelons, grapefruits, and papayas. It is not present in strawberries or cherries. It has no vitamin A activity. In plants, algae, and other photosynthetic organisms, lycopene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many carotenoids, including beta carotene, which is responsible for yellow, orange, or red pigmentation, photosynthesis, and photoprotection. Australia and New Zealand (registered as 160d) and the European Union.

Lycopene is a symmetrical tetraterpene because it consists entirely of carbon and hydrogen and is derived from eight isoprene subunits. In human blood, various cis isomers constitute more than 60% of the total lycopene concentration, but the biological effects of individual isomers have not been investigated. Carotenoids like lycopene are found in photosynthetic pigment protein complexes in plants, photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, and algae. Dispersed lycopene molecules can be encapsulated into carbon nanotubes enhancing their optical properties. Efficient energy transfer occurs between the encapsulated dye and nanotube—light is absorbed by the dye and without significant loss is transferred to the nanotube. Encapsulation increases chemical and thermal stability of lycopene molecules; it also allows their isolation and individual characterization.

The unconditioned biosynthesis of lycopene in eukaryotic plants and in prokaryotic cyanobacteria is similar, as are the enzymes involved. The bleach oxidizes the lycopene, thus allowing the product to dissolve.

Lycopene is non toxic and commonly found in the diet, mainly from tomato products. There are cases of intolerance or allergic reaction to dietary lycopene, which may cause diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain or cramps, gas, and loss of appetite. Lycopene may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant drugs. The discoloration is expected to fade after discontinuing excessive lycopene intake. whereas a 2017 review concluded that tomato products and lycopene supplementation reduced blood lipids and blood pressure. A 2015 review found that dietary lycopene was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, whereas a 2021 meta analysis found that dietary lycopene did not affect prostate cancer risk. Other reviews concluded that research has been insufficient to establish whether lycopene consumption affects human health.

In a review of literature on lycopene and its potential benefit in the diet, the European Food Safety Authority concluded there was insufficient evidence for lycopene having antioxidant effects in humans, particularly in skin, heart function, or vision protection from ultraviolet light. Although lycopene from tomatoes has been tested in humans for cardiovascular diseases and prostate cancer, no effect on any disease was found. The US Food and Drug Administration, in rejecting manufacturers' requests in 2005 to allow "qualified labeling" for lycopene and the reduction of various cancer risks, provided a conclusion that remains in effect : no studies provided information about whether lycopene intake may reduce the risk of any of the specific forms of cancer. Based on the above, FDA concludes that there is no credible evidence supporting a relationship between lycopene consumption, either as a food ingredient, a component of food, or as a dietary supplement, and any of these cancers.