Введение
Немецкий писатель и поэт (1871–1914), немецкий пейзажный художник.
the German landscape painter
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe. Morgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e. g. literary criticism in "Drei Hasen", grammar in "Der Werwolf", narrow mindedness in "Der Gaul", and symbolism in "Der Wasseresel". In "Scholastikerprobleme" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e. g. the following line from "The Impossible Fact" ("Die unmögliche Tatsache", 1910):
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. "For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be." Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e. g. in "Vice Versa", (1905):
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. "A rabbit in his meadow lair
Imagines none to see him there. But aided by a looking lens
A man with eager diligence
Inspects the tiny long eared gnome
From a convenient near by dome. Yet him surveys, or so we learn
A god from far off, mild and stern." Gerolf Steiner's mock scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasobēm, is testament to his enduring popularity. Morgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'. Morgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.
Кристиан Отто Йозеф Вольфганг Моргенштерн (6 мая 1871 – 31 марта 1914) был немецким писателем и поэтом из Мюнхена. Моргенштерн женился на Маргарете Госбрюх фон Лихтенштерн 7 марта 1910 года. Некоторое время он работал журналистом в Берлине, но большую часть жизни провел в путешествиях по Германии, Швейцарии и Италии, в основном в тщетной попытке восстановить здоровье. Его путешествия, хотя и не смогли вернуть ему здоровье, позволили ему встретиться со многими выдающимися литературными и философскими деятелями своего времени в центральной Европе. Поэзия Моргенштерна, во многом вдохновленная английской литературной бессмыслицей, пользуется огромной популярностью, хотя при жизни он не имел особого успеха. Он высмеивал схоластику, например, литературную критику в «Drei Hasen», грамматику в «Der Werwolf», узколобость в «Der Gaul» и символизм в «Der Wasseresel». В «Scholastikerprobleme» он рассуждал о том, сколько ангелов может поместиться на иголке. Многие немцы до сих пор знают наизусть некоторые его стихи и цитаты, например, следующую строку из «Невозможного факта» («Die unmögliche Tatsache», 1910):
the German landscape painter
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe. Morgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e. g. literary criticism in "Drei Hasen", grammar in "Der Werwolf", narrow mindedness in "Der Gaul", and symbolism in "Der Wasseresel". In "Scholastikerprobleme" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e. g. the following line from "The Impossible Fact" ("Die unmögliche Tatsache", 1910):
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. "For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be." Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e. g. in "Vice Versa", (1905):
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. "A rabbit in his meadow lair
Imagines none to see him there. But aided by a looking lens
A man with eager diligence
Inspects the tiny long eared gnome
From a convenient near by dome. Yet him surveys, or so we learn
A god from far off, mild and stern." Gerolf Steiner's mock scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasobēm, is testament to his enduring popularity. Morgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'. Morgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. «Ибо, он рассуждает остро, что того, что быть не должно, не может быть». В его юмористической поэзии скрыта тонкая метафизическая струя, как, например, в «Вице-Верса» (1905):
the German landscape painter
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe. Morgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e. g. literary criticism in "Drei Hasen", grammar in "Der Werwolf", narrow mindedness in "Der Gaul", and symbolism in "Der Wasseresel". In "Scholastikerprobleme" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e. g. the following line from "The Impossible Fact" ("Die unmögliche Tatsache", 1910):
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. "For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be." Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e. g. in "Vice Versa", (1905):
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. "A rabbit in his meadow lair
Imagines none to see him there. But aided by a looking lens
A man with eager diligence
Inspects the tiny long eared gnome
From a convenient near by dome. Yet him surveys, or so we learn
A god from far off, mild and stern." Gerolf Steiner's mock scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasobēm, is testament to his enduring popularity. Morgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'. Morgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. «Заяц сидит на лугу,
считая, что никто его не видит. Но, обладая дальнозором,
человек с усердием
рассматривает крошечного длинноухого гнома
с расположенного напротив холма. А на него, в свою очередь,
смотрит издалека Бог, мягко и молчаливо».
the German landscape painter
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe. Morgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e. g. literary criticism in "Drei Hasen", grammar in "Der Werwolf", narrow mindedness in "Der Gaul", and symbolism in "Der Wasseresel". In "Scholastikerprobleme" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e. g. the following line from "The Impossible Fact" ("Die unmögliche Tatsache", 1910):
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. "For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be." Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e. g. in "Vice Versa", (1905):
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. "A rabbit in his meadow lair
Imagines none to see him there. But aided by a looking lens
A man with eager diligence
Inspects the tiny long eared gnome
From a convenient near by dome. Yet him surveys, or so we learn
A god from far off, mild and stern." Gerolf Steiner's mock scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasobēm, is testament to his enduring popularity. Morgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'. Morgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.
Пародийная научная книга Герольфа Штайнера о вымышленном отряде животных Rhinogradentia (1961), вдохновленная бессмысленной поэмой Моргенштерна Das Nasobēm, свидетельствует о его непреходящей популярности. Моргенштерн был членом Генерального антропософского общества. Доктор Рудольф Штайнер назвал его «истинным представителем антропософии». Моргенштерн умер в 1914 году от туберкулеза, которым заразился от матери, скончавшейся в 1881 году.
the German landscape painter
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German writer and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe. Morgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e. g. literary criticism in "Drei Hasen", grammar in "Der Werwolf", narrow mindedness in "Der Gaul", and symbolism in "Der Wasseresel". In "Scholastikerprobleme" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e. g. the following line from "The Impossible Fact" ("Die unmögliche Tatsache", 1910):
Weil, so schließt er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf. "For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be." Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e. g. in "Vice Versa", (1905):
Ein Hase sitzt auf einer Wiese,
des Glaubens, niemand sähe diese. Doch im Besitze eines Zeißes
betrachtet voll gehaltnen Fleißes
vom vis à vis gelegnen Berg
ein Mensch den kleinen Löffelzwerg. Ihn aber blickt hinwiederum
ein Gott von fern an, mild und stumm. "A rabbit in his meadow lair
Imagines none to see him there. But aided by a looking lens
A man with eager diligence
Inspects the tiny long eared gnome
From a convenient near by dome. Yet him surveys, or so we learn
A god from far off, mild and stern." Gerolf Steiner's mock scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasobēm, is testament to his enduring popularity. Morgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'. Morgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.
Песни о виселице
Самыми известными произведениями Моргенштерна являются «Гальгенлидер» (Gallows Songs, 1905). За этим томом юмористических стихотворений последовал «Палмстрём» в 1910 году. Опубликованные посмертно важные сборники включают «Пальма Кункель» (1916), «Дер Гингганц» (1919) и «Alle Galgenlieder» (1932). На немецком языке эти произведения выдержали десятки различных изданий и переизданий, разойдясь тиражом в сотни тысяч экземпляров.
Моргенштерн в качестве переводчика
Кристиан Моргенштерн был также признанным переводчиком, переводившим на немецкий язык известные произведения с норвежского и французского языков, в том числе пьесы и стихи Генрика Ибсена, Кнута Хамсуна, Бьёрнстьерне Бьёрнсона и Августа Стриндберга.
Музыкальные настройки
Стихи Моргенштерна были положены на музыку такими композиторами, как Эрик Бергман (четыре «Гальгенлидера», Das große Lalula, Tapetenblume, Igel und Agel, Unter Zeiten), Ханс Эйслер, София Губайдулина, Лера Ауэрбах, Пол Грейнер, Фридрих Гулда, Пол Хиндемит, Роберт Кан, Ирьё Кильпинен, Маргарете Швайкерт, Матиас Зайбер (Два мадригала и три песни Моргенштерна для сопрано и кларнета), Руди Спринг («Книга гальгенлидеров по стихам Кристиана Моргенштерна, op. 19»), Зигфрид Строхбах (5 «Гальгенлидеров»), Грэм Уотерхаус (Gruselett, «Верволф»), Тимоти Хокман («Верволф» в «Трех легендах») и Александр фон Землинский (Es waren zwei Kinder, Vöglein Schwermut, Der Abend, Abendkelch voll Sonnenlicht, Du gabst mir deine Kette и Auf dem Meere meiner Seele), Андрес Кондон (CD Corazon de Aguila) и Майнрад Книр (Ансамбль Майнрада Книра «Phosphoros» исполняет Кристиана Моргенштерна).
Эссе, рецензии и афоризмы
В ранние годы Кристиан Моргенштерн написал значительное количество эссе и рецензий для различных немецких периодических изданий. Они были собраны и опубликованы в 6-м томе (Kritische Schriften, 1987) немецкого собрания сочинений Моргенштерна. Его философские и мифологические работы находились под значительным влиянием философа Фридриха Ницше, австрийского педагога Рудольфа Штайнера (основателя антропософии и движения школ Вальдорфа) и русских писателей Фёдора Достоевского и Льва Толстого. Пожалуй, наиболее философским трудом Моргенштерна является сборник афоризмов, опубликованный посмертно в 1918 году под названием Stufen: Eine Entwickelung in Aphorismen und Tagebuch Notizen (Стадии: развитие в афоризмах и записях из дневника). Он породил множество известных цитат, среди которых:
"Дом – это не там, где находится наш дом, а там, где нас понимают." "Я собираюсь раскопать слои своей души." "Я человек, ограниченный во всём: физически, эмоционально, морально и художественно я постоянно на грани падения в бездну. И всё же мне удаётся сохранять равновесие и ясность ума." "Во мне нет сокровищ. Я обладаю лишь способностью превращать всё, к чему прикасаюсь, во что-то ценное. У меня нет глубины, кроме неутолимой жажды её обрести." (Перевод Дэвида В. Вуда)
"Home isn't where our house is, but wherever we are understood." "I shall excavate the strata of my soul." "I'm a man of limits: forever physically, emotionally, morally and artistically on the brink of plunging into the abyss. Yet I manage to keep my balance and possess presence of mind." "I bear no treasures within me. I only possess the power to transform much of what I touch into something of value. I have no depths, save my incessant desire for the depths." (Translated by David W. Wood)
Сборник произведений
В настоящее время под руководством профессора Райнхарда Хабеля в издательстве Verlag Urachhaus (Штутгарт) готовится полное издание произведений Кристиана Моргенштерна на немецком языке в девяти томах. В первом и втором томах собраны лирические произведения и стихи Моргенштерна; в третьем – юмористические произведения, включая полное собрание «Песен на виселице»; в четвертом – эпические и драматические произведения; в пятом – сборник афоризмов; в шестом – критические эссе и рецензии; в седьмом, восьмом и девятом – полная переписка. Названия томов на немецком языке: Том 1: Lyrik 1887–1905, под ред. Мартина Киссига, 1988. Том 2: Lyrik 1906–1914, под ред. Мартина Киссига, 1992. Том 3: Humoristische Lyrik, под ред. Мориса Кюро, 1990. Том 4: Episches und Dramatisches, под ред. Райнхарда Хабеля и Эрнста Кретшмера, 2001. Том 5: Aphorismen, под ред. Райнхарда Хабеля, 1987. Том 6: Kritische Schriften, под ред. Гельмута Гумтау, 1987. Том 7: Briefwechsel 1878–1903, под ред. Катарины Брайтнер, 2005. Том 8: Briefwechsel 1905–1908, под ред. Катарины Брайтнер, 2011. Том 9: Briefwechsel 1909–1914, под ред. Агнес Хардер, 2018.
Volume 1: Lyrik 1887–1905, ed. Martin Kiessig, 1988. Volume 2: Lyrik 1906–1914, ed. Martin Kiessig, 1992. Volume 3: Humoristische Lyrik, ed. Maurice Cureau, 1990. Volume 4: Episches und Dramatisches, eds. Reinhardt Habel and Ernst Kretschmer, 2001. Volume 5: Aphorismen, ed. Reinhardt Habel, 1987. Volume 6: Kritische Schriften, ed. Helmut Gumtau, 1987. Volume 7: Briefwechsel 1878–1903, ed. Katharina Breitner, 2005. Volume 8: Briefwechsel 1905–1908, ed. Katharina Breitner, 2011. Volume 9: Briefwechsel 1909–1914, ed. Agnes Harder, 2018.