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Введение
Тасбург (TAYZbər ə) - гражданский приход и деревня на юге Норфолка, Англия, расположенная примерно в 8 милях к югу от Норвича. Он находится на дороге A140, к северу от Лонг-Страттон и к югу от Ньютона-Флотмана. Рядом течет река Тас, а Зал Тасбурга находится к западу от деревни. Местная церковь посвящена Святой Марии Деве. Деревня состоит из Верхнего Тасбурга и Нижнего Тасбурга. Большая часть Нижнего Тасбурга содержит здания из первых дней существования деревни, в то время как Верхний Тасбург состоит из более современных жилых домов. Название деревни означает "Укрепление Таэса" и также может быть истолковано как "приятное / удобное укрепление". Дети начальной школы посещают начальную школу Генри Престон в Верхнем Тасбурге, а учащиеся средней школы посещают среднюю школу Лонг-Страттон. Зал и прилегающий к нему клуб используются для различных целей и является местом работы общественного почтового отделения Тасбурга, созданного после закрытия почтового магазина на Черч Роуд в 2013 году. В деревне расположен бар "The Countryman" на автодороге А140. Это напротив бывшего ресторана Little Chef, который с тех пор стал центром выставки садоводства. Деревня хорошо обслуживается общественным транспортом, с частыми автобусными перевозками между Норвичем и Лонг-Страттоном, которыми пользуются First Norfolk & Suffolk, Konectbus и Simonds of Botesdale, которые заезжают в Тасбург.
Tasburgh ( TAYZbər ə) is a civil parish and a village in the south of Norfolk, England, located approximately 8 miles south of Norwich. It lies on the A140 road, north of Long Stratton and south of Newton Flotman. The River Tas flows nearby and Tasburgh Hall lies to the west of the village. The local church is dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin. The village is made up of Upper Tasburgh and Lower Tasburgh. The majority of Lower Tasburgh contains buildings from the early days of the village whilst Upper Tasburgh is made up of more modern housing. The villages name means 'Taesa's fortification' and could also be interpreted as 'pleasant/convenient fortification'. Children of primary school age attend Henry Preston Primary School, in Upper Tasburgh, whereas secondary school students attend Long Stratton High School. The village hall and adjacent social club is used for a range of functions and is home to Tasburgh's community run post office, set up following the closure of the post office store on Church Road in 2013. A public house, The Countryman, is located in the village, by the A140. This is opposite the site of a former Little Chef restaurant, which has since become a garden building show centre. The village is well served by public transport, with frequent bus services between Norwich and Long Stratton, operated by First Norfolk & Suffolk, Konectbus and Simonds of Botesdale calling in Tasburgh.
Ранняя и древняя история
К северо-западу от деревни находится большой холмистый форт (Ад Таум), в котором построена деревенская церковь. Это может быть остаток датского вторжения девятого века. Церковь Тасбурга - традиционная норфолкская саксонская церковь из кремневого камня с круглой башней. Первыми людьми, оставившими свой след на Тасбурге, были мехматые мезолитические охотничьи группы в период между 8500 и 4500 годами до нашей эры. Между нынешней Лоу Роуд и рекой Тас, за старым общежитием "Horseshoes" и близлежащей гаражной мастерской, были обнаружены мелкие осколки кремней, где охотники обрезали свои копья и наконечники стрел на месте, где твердая земля была близка к реке. Второй форд, пересекающий притоки реки из Хемпналл, находится на небольшом расстоянии к югу и остается в использовании, частично мощен, и по сей день. От их базы охотники могли легко проходить через лесистые склоны по обе стороны долин Таса и реки Хемпналл, ловить рыбу, собирать лесные орехи и ягоды или охотиться на оленей, диких крупного рогатого скота и диких свиней. Большинство из них обнаружено на склонах долины возле здания сельской управы и церкви. Иногда погоня за ними, должно быть, вела их в густые леса дуба, ульма и лайма, скрывающие плоскую глиняную землю над долинами, область, теперь называемую Верхним Тасбургом. Чтобы получить достаточно пищи, небольшой группе охотников нужно было постоянно перемещаться по территории, намного более широкой, чем Тасбург. Единственный легкий путь для них - по полосе открытых лесов на светлых почвах по бокам долины, зажатых между речными болотами и темным лесом на высоте. Линия Сакслингхэм-Лейн и Лоу-Роуд следует по этому маршруту и ведет к обоим фордам. Около 4000 г. до н.э. охотничьи группы слились с прибывшими фермерами неолита. С помощью кремниевых топоров и огня были вырублены участки леса вдоль долины для посевов примитивной пшеницы и ячменя. Фрагменты кремнезёма из орудий фермера были найдены широко распространенными по всей территории, окруженной Гроув-Лейн, Лоу-Роуд и Черч-Хилл, где участки, вероятно, были обрабатываются по очереди, поскольку плохо опорожненная почва исчерпала. Одомашненный скот, овцы и свиньи паслись на болотах и в лесных полях. Следы этих ранних фермеров никогда не были найдены на высоких землях Верхнего Тасбурга к северу от Черч-роуд и к востоку от фермы Олд-Холл, где густые леса и тяжелая глиняная почва, похоже, сопротивлялись очистке и культивированию. Некоторые из этих людей неолита жили в том, что сейчас является восточной частью кладбища, где были найдены обломки их керамики вместе с котлами и значительными доказательствами работы с кремней. Их дома были круглыми хижинами с соломенной кровлей и ваттовыми стенами, что свидетельствует о начале человеческого проживания в районе церкви. После 2500 г. до н.э. появились знания о изготовлении инструментов и оружия из меди, а затем из бронзы - в большинстве случаев гораздо более приспособляемых и эффективных материалов, чем кремний. Реликвии бронзового века были обнаружены на Генри Престон Роуд, где отличительный бокал отметил вероятное захоронение раннего бронзового века и за Холл-Фарм в крайнем юге прихода, где были обнаружены могильные курганы. В обоих случаях захоронения были сделаны на том, что тогда было по краю, вероятно, обрабатываемой территории. Их стиль указывает на развитие высшего класса. Новые господа появились вскоре после 500 г. до н.э., когда воинственные, художественные кельты принесли доступ к железу, гораздо более прочному и доступному металлу, чем бронза. Железные топоры и плуги с железными подставками, возможно, теперь проникают в густо лесистые глиняные земли. Рядом с церковью было найдено 43 куска керамики железного века, что указывает на то, что в этой области продолжалась оккупация. К I веку н.э. жители Норфолка и северного Саффолка стали одним племенем, Исени, и на монетах этого времени была надпись IC. ДУРО. По сообщениям, они были найдены в Тасбурге. Чапел-Хилл, холм в водоемах к западу от Тасбург-Холла, предоставил обширные свидетельства древних захоронений. В 1923 году при раскопках на юго-западе холма было обнаружено несколько полных и сломанных амфор (больших винных сосудов). Они были типа, используемого для транспортировки средиземноморского вина в первом веке нашей эры. В это время вино было редкой роскошью в Британии, потребляемой дворянами, которые имели привычку включать амфоры с погребальными вещами своих умерших в�...
A large hill fort (Ad Taum) abuts the village at the northwest, and the village church is built within it. This may be a remnant of the Danish invasion of the ninth century. Tasburgh church is a traditional Norfolk Saxon church of flint with a round tower. The first human beings to leave their mark on Tasburgh were fur clad Mesolithic hunter bands some time between 8500 BC and 4500 BC. Between what is now Low Road and the River Tas, behind both the old Horseshoes public house and the nearby garage workshop, a scatter of fine flint flakes has revealed where hunters trimmed their spear and arrow heads at a site where firm ground came close to the river by a ford which is still marked on maps. A second ford crossing the tributary stream from Hempnall lay a short distance to the south and remains in use, partly bridged, to this day. From their base the hunters could thus easily range through the wooded slopes on either side of the valleys of the Tas and the Hempnall stream, fishing, picking hazel nuts and berries or hunting deer, wild cattle and wild pigs. More of their flints have turned up higher on the valley slopes near the village hall and the church. Sometimes the chase must have taken them up into a dense forest of oak, elm and lime cloaking the flat clay land above the valleys, the area now called Upper Tasburgh. To obtain sufficient food the small group of hunters would need constantly to move around an area far wider than Tasburgh. Their only easy route would be along the strip of open woodland on the light soils of the valley sides, sandwiched between the river marshes and the dark forest on the higher ground. The line of Saxlingham Lane and Low Road follows this route and leads to both of the fords. By around 4000 BC the hunter bands had become merged with incoming Neolithic farmers. With flint axes and fire, patches of the valleyside woodland had been cleared for crops of primitive wheat and barley. Flint fragments from the farmer's tools have been found spread widely across the area enclosed by Grove Lane, Low Road and Church Hill where sites were likely to have been cultivated in rotation as the poorly manured soil became exhausted. Domesticated cattle, sheep and pigs would have been pastured on the marshes and in the woodland glades. Flints of these early farmers have never been found on the higher ground of Upper Tasburgh north of Church Road and east of Old Hall Farm, where the thick forest and heavy clay soil seems to have resisted clearance and cultivation. Some of these Neolithic people lived in what is now the eastern end of the churchyard where sherds of their pottery have been found together with pot boilers and considerable evidence of flint working. Their homes would have been circular thatched huts with wattle walls marking the beginning of human occupation in the area of the church. After 2500 BC came the knowledge of making tools and weapons of copper then of bronze – far more adaptable and effective materials than flint in most cases. Relics of the Bronze Age have been unearthed in Henry Preston Road where a distinctive beaker marked a probable early Bronze Age burial and behind Hall Farm in the far south of the parish where burial mounds have been traced. In both cases the burials had been made on what was then the fringe of the likely cultivated area. Their style indicates the development of an upper class. New lords arose soon after 500 BC when the warlike, artistic Celts brought access to iron, a far stronger and more accessible metal than bronze. Iron axes and iron shod ploughs may well now have made inroads into the heavily forested claylands. Forty three pieces of Iron Age pottery have been found close by the church, indicating that occupation continued in this area. By the first century AD the people of Norfolk and north Suffolk had become a single tribe, the Iceni, and coins of this age inscribed IC. DURO. T are reported to have been found in Tasburgh. Chapel Hill, a knoll in the water meadows west of Tasburgh Hall, has produced extensive evidence of ancient burials. Ditch digging south west of the hillock in 1923 revealed several complete and broken amphorae (large wine jars). These were of a type used to transport Mediterranean wine in the first century AD. At this time wine was a rare luxury in Britain, consumed by the nobility, who had the habit of incorporating amphorae with the grave goods of their dead chieftains. This may signify that Chapel Hill is the burial site of an Icenian noble.
Роман Тасбург
После того, как римляне вторглись в Британию в 43 году н.э., Ицены стали подданным королевства, попавшим под полное римское правление после их восстания под королевой Будикой в 60 году н.э. Самым впечатляющим знаком римских времен в Тасбурге была и остается магистральная дорога, проходящая с юга на север через приход, теперь A140, которая проходит от Норвича до Ипсвича. Дорога была построена для соединения важных римских городов в Лондоне и Колчестере с недавно созданной столицей Иценов, Вентой Иценорум, которая стояла рядом с рекой Тас в Кейсторе Сент-Эдмунд. Построенный в серии прямых выравниваний, безжалостно проталкиваемых через существующие полевые узоры, он стоял на набережной шириной в тридцать футов. Сама дорога была шириной в двадцать футов с круто выгнутой поверхностью из твердого гравия. С небольшим обслуживанием с конца римской эпохи в 410 году до строительства автомагистрали в 1768 году набережная и дорожная поверхность были изнашиваны, и дорога отпала от прямого выравнивания на холмах, включая холм Тасбург. Там, где дорога следует за своим первоначальным курсом на севере прихода, мы можем представить себе курьеров Имперской почты, прокатившихся мимо, умные мулевые тележки, грузовые лошади торговцев, громоздкие сельскохозяйственные повозки, задерживающие другой трафик и уставших пешеходов; все они используют дорогу по многим тем же причинам, что и мы сегодня. На трех местах находятся разбросанные фрагменты плитки, указывающие на возможные места римских фермерских домов. В 1975 и 1979-1980 годах при раскопках в восточной части кладбища были обнаружены 3421b римских плиток и два куска римско-британской керамики (точка X на карте). Поломки крыши и фрагменты керамики указывают на ферму на вершине ныне несуществующего Фиггет-Лейн (точка Y на карте). Третий дом был найден на плитках, найденных в Черч-Вуд возле Райнторп-Холл (точка Z на карте). Небольшая римская дорога, ведущая к этой ферме, обозначена северо-западной границей прихода, когда-то проезжей части, которая идет по прямой в сторону угла Чёрч Вуд. Прямые линии границ приходов иногда указывают на линию потерянной римской дороги. В деревне были найдены две римские монеты, одна рядом с церковью, а другая в недалеком подъеме от форда возле старой гостиницы Horseshoes. Керамика, которая, как полагают, была римской, была обнаружена в связи с захоронениями на Чапел-Хилл. В пяти милях на север вдоль римской магистрали стояла столица племени, Вента Иценорум, что переводится как "рыночный город Иценов". Фермы Тасбурга были хорошо расположены для поставок продукции в Венту с ее ратушей, форумом, общественными банями, ареной и храмами. Несколько миль к югу вдоль магистрали, немного за пределами современного Лонг-Страттона, была деревня, которая выросла вокруг передатчика для Имперской почты. Римское правление окончательно распалось в 410 году н.э. Англосаксы, вероятно, уже здесь в качестве наемников, были в Венте, вскоре к ним присоединились родственники, прибывшие поселиться. Есть свидетельства того, что более состоятельные британцы бежали, оставив своих деревенских жителей, чтобы объединиться с англосаксонским доминирующим миром, который стал королевством Восточной Англии около 500 года н.э. Единственные признаки ранней англосаксонской деятельности в Тасбурге - это фрагменты керамики из раскопок на церковном кладбище, указывающие на то, что этот участок продолжал быть занят. К 627 году н.э. в Восточной Англии был христианский король, и со временем на месте нынешнего здания, возможно, стояла небольшая деревянная церковь. Сто сорок четыре куска керамики с места захоронения, датируемые между 600 и 900 годами нашей эры, показывают, что поселение там продолжалось, несмотря на перерывы датских набегов и вторжений с 841 года нашей эры. С поселением датчан среди предыдущих жителей деревни деревня вокруг церкви расширилась. На кладбище было обнаружено более 1000 кусков керамики, датируемых 900-1100 годами нашей эры, а также ремешок, ткацкие веса, нож и наконечник стрелы. Были также раскопаны траншеи для фундамента дома этого периода. Это было деревянное здание тридцать шесть футов на семнадцать футов и должны были быть открыты для бревен с открытым очагом, из которого дым вышел через соломенной крыши. Около 1050 года была построена небольшая церковь из кремнезёма и раствора с круглой башней высотой 12,19 м. Башня, с тех пор как была поднята, до сих пор стоит как часть сегодняшней церкви. В ...
After the Romans invaded Britain in AD 43 the Iceni became a client kingdom falling under full Roman rule following their revolt under Queen Boudica in AD 60. The most impressive sign of Roman times in Tasburgh was and remains the trunk road running from south to north across the parish, now the A140 which runs from Norwich to Ipswich. The road was constructed to link important Roman towns at London and Colchester with the newly established capital of the Iceni, Venta Icenorum, which stood alongside the River Tas at Caistor St Edmund. Built in a series of straight alignments thrust remorselessly across existing field patterns it stood on a thirty feet wide embankment. The roadway itself was twenty feet wide with a steeply cambered surface of hard packed gravel. With little maintenance from the end of the Roman era in AD 410 to the building of a turnpike in 1768, the embankment and road surface were worn down and the road fell away from its straight alignment on hills, including Tasburgh Hill. Where the road follows its original course in the north of the parish we can imagine couriers of the Imperial Post galloping by, smart mule carts, merchant's pack horses, lumbering farm wagons delaying other traffic and weary pedestrians; all using the road for many of the same reasons that we do today. The possible sites of Roman farmhouses are indicated by scatters of tile fragments at three locations. Excavations in the eastern end of the churchyard in 1975 and in 1979/80 produced 3421b of Roman tile pieces and two sherds of Romano British pottery (Point X on Map). Broken roof tiles and pottery fragments have been held to indicate a farmhouse at the top of the now defunct Figgett Lane (Point Y on Map). A third farmhouse has been inferred from tiles found at Church Wood near Rainthorpe Hall (Point Z on Map). A minor Roman road to, or passing, this farmhouse is indicated by the north western parish boundary, once a lane, which runs in a straight line toward the corner of Church Wood. Straight lengths of parish boundaries sometimes indicate the line of a lost Roman road. Two Roman coins have been found in the village, one close to the church and the other a short way uphill from the ford near the old Horseshoes public house. Pottery, held to be Roman, has been unearthed in association with burials at Chapel Hill. Five miles north along the Roman trunk road stood the tribal capital, Venta Icenorum, which translates as 'market town of the Iceni'. The Tasburgh farms were well placed to supply produce to Venta with its town hall, forum, public baths, arena and temples. A few miles south along the trunk road, a little beyond the present day Long Stratton, was a village which had grown up around a relay station for the Imperial Post. Roman rule finally disintegrated in AD 410. Anglo Saxons, probably already here as mercenaries, were at Venta, soon to be joined by kinfolk arriving to settle. There is evidence that the better off Britons fled leaving their villagers to be merged into an Anglo Saxon dominated world which had become the kingdom of East Anglia by about AD 500. The only signs of early Anglo Saxon activity in Tasburgh are pottery fragments from the churchyard excavations indicating that this site continued to be occupied. By AD 627 East Anglia had a Christian king and in time a small wooden church may well have stood on the site of the present building. One hundred and forty four pieces of pottery from the churchyard site dating to between AD 600 and AD 900 show that settlement there continued despite the interruptions of Danish raids and invasions from AD 841. With Danes settled among the previous villagers the hamlet around the church expanded. The churchyard 'dig' revealed over 1000 pottery sherds dating to between AD 900 and AD 1100 together with strap fittings, loom weights, a knife and an arrowhead. The foundation trenches of a house of this period were also excavated. It was a wooden building thirty six feet by seventeen feet and would have been open to the rafters with an open hearth from which smoke escaped through the thatched roof. About AD 1050 a small church of flints and mortar with a 12.19 m round tower was built. The tower, since heightened, still stands as part of today's church. At the place where the Roman road crossed the marshes of the Hempnall stream the embankment had worn away, leaving a miry morass aptly named Deepwade. This muddy obstacle and its name almost certainly originated in Saxon times when the local administrative area which included Tasburgh was called Depwade Hundred. In AD 1086, twenty years after the Norman conquest of England, the Domesday Book was compiled giving us the first written record of Tasburgh. The village is named Taseburc and its dimensions are given as ten by seven furlongs, there was a watermill and the land was ploughed by five, eight ox teams. Two hundred and thirty one acres of arable land are recorded together with eighteen acres of meadowland, but we must bear in mind that Domesday 'acres' probably represented the taxable value of land rather than precise areas. The arable land and meadow were divided into four holdings, each being part of a widespread portfolio of estates held from the king by four magnates. These absentee landlords included Roger Bigod, Sheriff of both Norfolk and Suffolk, and Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, son in law of the king. Two small thirty acre holdings seem to be embryo manors, but for the most part the land was farmed by twenty semi free sub tenants, some called freemen, others known as sokemen. The size of their land varied widely, one man had thirty acres of arable and two acres of meadow while at the other end of the scale six men shared ten acres. The population can be estimated at around 125 persons, less than a third of the predominantly agricultural population of Victorian times. On the lands of Roger Bigot there were new masters on the spot in the form of Berard and Azelin, men with likely names for Norman army veterans. The archaeological evidence from the vicinity of the church shows that from around AD 1100 activity there declined until a hundred years later the church stood completely isolated. The village had transferred piecemeal to the valley below, its flimsy dwellings scattered around the edges of small greens.
Тасбург в XIX веке
До 1800 года большинство домов в деревне были деревянными, но растущая нехватка дерева, начиная с прошлого века, привела к тому, что большие дома были построены из кирпича с черепичной, а не соломенной крышей. Примерами являются Тасбургский дом, Дом водяной мельницы и Зал Тасбург (тогда называвшийся Тасбургской ложей). С начала XIX века пошли примеры небольших домов, а на Лоу-роуд можно увидеть ранние кирпичные здания, включая общежитие Old Horseshoes и коттедж Forge, все построенные между 1818 и 1840 годами. Другие дома и фермерские здания в это время были глиняными, сохранившиеся экземпляры включают коттедж Rookery и ферму White Horse в Lower Tasburgh. В прошлом веке церковные надзиратели могли сбалансировать свои книги на доходах от полей, подаренных благотворительно, но инфляция во время наполеоновских войн вызвала такое увеличение расходов, что была необходима обязательная церковная ставка, чтобы собрать деньги на капитальный ремонт церкви. Почтовые вагоны, тележки и грузовые вагоны, проходящие по Ипсуич-роуд, затем хорошо обслуживаемой платной автомагистрали, приносили торговлю в Верхний Тасбург. Здесь стояла большая гостиница, Птица в руке (теперь Странник), а рядом был кузнец. В 1817 году рядом с нынешней остановкой автобусов в Норвиче стоял магазин с многочисленными подсобными домами и большим садом, сегодня местом Орчард-Уэй. Магазин существовал примерно до 1940 года. На Черч-роуд стоял публичный дом "Черри-три" (ныне "Дом Черри-три"), который в то время имел репутацию логово браконьеров. Бедность продолжала оставаться проблемой для многих жителей деревни, особенно во время сельскохозяйственных депрессий в начале и в последней части века. В 1816 году Томас Клэбберн оставил £400, вложенные в аннуитеты для помощи бедным прихожанам, с процентами на покупку хлеба или угля, которые распределялись в первый понедельник февраля каждого года. На двери храмовой капельницы можно увидеть красивую табличку, на которой записано это благотворительное дело. Дальнейшее облегчение для нуждающихся пришло из процентов от 45 фунтов стерлингов, оставленных мисс Бэйтман в 1828 году. Наряду с ними была распространена благотворительная организация "Мек", датируемая 1598 годом. К 1840 году приходскому бедному дому, Таун-хаусу, было девяносто лет и он находился в плачевном состоянии. Новый ректор, Генри Престон, не стеснялся назвать его "Дом вредителей" и пожертвовал материалы для немедленного ремонта. В то же время он запретил практику принуждения пожилых и немощных жителей к работе на близлежащих участках. В 1836 году Пулхэмский рабочий дом, все еще хорошо виденный как Хиллкрест-Корт на А140, начал брать на себя ответственность за нищих района, и в конечном итоге Таун-хаус был преобразован в два коттеджа для приходских дорожников, будучи удобно близко к приходским гравийным и мраморным ямам в Марл-Боттом. Старая пастырская церковь, расположенная к западу от церкви, была построена преподобным Генри Престоном в 1840 году для замены разрушенной пастырской церкви, которую он унаследовал в сегодняшнем Глейб-Коттедж на Лоу-Роуд. Его просторное и элегантное викторианское здание, в свою очередь, было заменено новым приходским зданием, построенным неподалеку в 1983 году. Неостановимый Генри Престон принес образование для всех в Тасбург, когда он основал государственную начальную школу на своей пастырской земле рядом с Чёрч-Хиллом (в те дни, Школьный холм). Школа была официально открыта 15 сентября 1844 года с молитвой: "О, Господь мой Бог, услышь крик и молитву, которую твой слуга молится тебе сегодня, чтобы твои глаза были открыты к этому дому, день и ночь". В первый год в школе училось 62 ребенка. Большинство прибыли из Тасбурга, но некоторые шли пешком из Тарстона и Флордана; самым младшим было пять лет. В 1854 году школьной учительницей была Элиза Годдард. Однокомнатная школа была расширена в 1880 году, чтобы вместить не менее 100 учеников, а в 1899 году была добавлена новая классная комната для тридцати детей. Огромное улучшение в транспортировке людей, товаров, скота и почты произошло с открытием железной дороги Восточного союза через этот район 12 декабря 1849 года. Паровозы связывали Лондон, Ипсвич, Дисс и Норвич, пять из которых останавливались ежедневно на местной станции Флорон. Сначала терминал Норвича назывался Станцией Виктория и стоял на вершине улицы Святого Стефана. В Флордоне была построена прекрасная станция с зданиями в типичном викторианском стиле с большими орнамен�...
Before 1800 most of the houses in the village were timber framed, but a growing shortage of wood, starting in the previous century, had led to the larger houses being built in brick with tiled, rather than thatched, roofs. Examples are Tasburgh House, Watermill House and Tasburgh Hall (then called Tasburgh Lodge). From the early 19th century smaller houses followed suit and early brick buildings can be seen on Low Road between and including the Old Horseshoes public house and Forge Cottage, all built between 1818 and 1840. Other houses and farm buildings of these times were of clay lump construction, surviving specimens include Rookery Cottage and White Horse Farm in Lower Tasburgh. In the previous century the churchwardens had been able to balance their books on the income from fields given charitably, the Town Lands, but inflation during the Napoleonic Wars caused such an increase in costs that a compulsory Church Rate was necessary in order to raise money for major repairs to the church. Mail coaches, carriers carts and freight wagons passing along Ipswich Road, then a well maintained turnpike, brought trade to Upper Tasburgh. Here stood a large inn, the Bird in Hand (now the Countryman) and close by was a smithy. In 1817 a shop stood near the site of the present Norwich bus stop, with numerous outhouses and a large orchard, today the site of Orchard Way. The shop survived until about 1940. In Church Road stood the Cherry Tree public house (now Cherry Tree House) at that time reputed to be a den of poachers. Poverty continued to be a problem for many of the villagers, particularly during the agricultural depressions at the beginning and latter part of the century. In 1816 Thomas Clabburn left £400 invested in annuities for the relief of the parish poor, the interest to purchase bread or coal to be distributed on the first Monday of February each year. A handsome plate recording this charity can be seen on the vestry door of the church. Further relief for the needy came from the interest from £45 Consuls left by Miss Bateman in 1828. Alongside these the Meek Charity dating from 1598, was distributed. By 1840 the parish poor house, the Town House, was ninety years old and in a sad state of repair. The newly appointed rector, Henry Preston, did not hesitate to call it the 'Pest House' and donated materials for immediate repairs. At the same time he forbade the practice of forcing the old and infirm residents to work on the nearby allotments. In 1836 Pulham Workhouse, still clearly visible as Hillcrest Court on the A140, began to take over responsibility for the destitute of the area and the Town House was eventually converted into two cottages for the parish roadmen, being conveniently close to the parish gravel and marl pits in Marl Bottom. The Old Rectory standing to the west of the church was built by the Rev Henry Preston in 1840 to replace the ruinous rectory he had inherited at what is today Glebe Cottage on Low Road. His capacious and elegant Victorian building has in turn been succeeded by a new rectory built close by in 1983. The indefatigable Henry Preston brought education for all to Tasburgh when he founded a public elementary school on his rectory land alongside Church Hill (in those days, School Hill). The school was officially opened on 15 September 1844 with this prayer, 'Oh Lord my God, hearken unto the cry and to the prayer which thy servant prayeth unto Thee today, that Thine eyes may be open towards this house, night and day'. There were sixty two children attending school that first year. Most came from Tasburgh, but some walked from Tharston and Flordon; the youngest were five years old. In 1854 the schoolmistress was Eliza Goddard. The single room of the school was enlarged in 1880 to accommodate no less than 100 pupils, and in 1899 a new classroom was added to hold thirty infants. A vast improvement in the transport of people, goods, livestock and mail came with the opening of the Eastern Union Railway through the area on 12 December 1849. Steam trains linked London, Ipswich, Diss and Norwich, five stopping daily at the local station at Flordon. At first the Norwich terminal was called Victoria Station and stood at the top of St Stephen's Street. A fine station was built at Flordon with buildings in typical Victorian style sporting large ornate chimneys, slate roofs and decorated brickwork. The first stationmaster was James Clayton. Close by stood the Railway Tavern kept by Jonathan Pawley. The coming of railways to Norfolk brought a drastic fall in the heavy traffic of stage coaches, carriers and wagons along the main road through Tasburgh. Within a year sales of hay at the Bird in Hand fell from 50 tons annually to around 17, and all five licensed stage coach services disappeared. In 1863 rail travel to Harleston, Bungay, Beccles and beyond became possible with the completion of the Waveney Valley Railway, which left the main line at Tivetshall Station. In 1881 a further branch line from Forncett Station to Wymondham opened up travel to many other parts of the county. All the railways in the area were absorbed into the Great Eastern Railway. By 1851 the population of 363 at the beginning of the century had grown to 475, and the village contained 113 houses. This growth reflected the boom in agriculture in the mid 19th century. At this time Tasburgh was quite self contained, with two blacksmiths, two shopkeepers, two butchers, a shoemaker, a wheelwright, a miller and a maltster. There were eleven farmers, a cattle dealer and a pig jobber, who slaughtered the pigs that most of the villagers kept. Tasburgh Hall, still called Tasburgh Lodge, was occupied by Commander Gwyn, a one legged veteran of the Napoleonic Wars while Tasburgh Grange was a maltings named Maltings Farm. There were five licensed premises and a windmill in addition to the watermill. Later, the uncertainties of wind and water power were overcome by the installation of a steam engine at the watermill. At this time the village comprised two separate straggles of houses, one along Saxlingham Lane and Low Road and the other clustered around Ipswich Road. The only dwellings in between were the Rectory and Old Hall Farm. Church Road was a tree lined lane. The principal residence was Rainthorpe Hall, occupied by the Hon Frederick Walpole MP. An agricultural depression in the last part of the 19th century caused the population to fall as low as 368, when countryfolk were forced to seek work in the towns. Despite this the school had to be extended twice; the population was falling, but families were getting larger!
Начало XX века
В первые годы века Тасбург продолжал оставаться в основном сельскохозяйственным сообществом, только один житель работал в Норвиче, один в Данстон-холле и два на близлежащей железной дороге; все остальные нашли свое место в деревне. Кроме фермеров, мелких фермеров и рабочих, здесь работали ловцы крыс и крот и создатели препятствий. Это было очень самодостаточное сообщество, в котором было четыре сборщика налогов, мельник с двумя мельничными рабочими, два кузнец, плотник / колесник, два кузника, каменщик, два грузчика, два генеральных дилера, два бакалея, мясник свинины, пекарь и три сапожника. В общественной службе были учительница, два приходских дорожников и полицейский. Там были также две портницы, две прачки и женщина, которая лечила людей от язв, ожогов и абсцессов. В 1911 году население составляло 355 человек. Тасбург-Лодж был улучшен и переименован в Тасбург-Холл его владельцем П. Берни Фиклин. В Райнторп-холле сэр Чарльз Харви тратил значительные суммы как на зал, так и на церковь Святой Марии. Ректором с 1897 по 1922 год был преподобный Уолтер Роберт Хёрд. Сыновья этих трех джентльменов должны были иметь выдающиеся карьеры. Хорацио Берни Фиклин был судьей-адвокатом в Нюрнбергском процессе над нацистскими военными преступниками. Оливер Харви стал британским послом во Франции и был назначен лордом Харви из Тасбурга. Ричард Хёрд позже стал каноном Хёрдом; он был полон любви к Тасбургу и оставил значительное наследство церкви после своей смерти в 1975 году. Лорд Харви и канон Хёрд похоронены на церковном кладбище. В Черри-Тре в Черч-Роуд был бесплатный дом, и публикан делал пиво для горнолыжных собак, которое, как считалось, хорошо для кашля. Он также продавал сидр, который делался из яблок, выращенных в саду сзади. Хозяйка "Птицы в руке" была названа миссис Элис Спарроу. Часовня квакеров на Фэрстед-Лейн была активной, в то время как примитивная методистская часовня на нынешнем Чёрч-Хилле и приходская церковь имели большие собрания и процветающие воскресные школы. Уильям Мур, который провел большую часть своей жизни в деревне, рассказывает, что его дед был каменщиком и комином в доме Рейнторп-Холл. Чтобы прочесать большие дымоходы в зале, его дед брал одного из своих восьми сыновей, чтобы он поднялся в темный дымоход, насколько это было безопасно, и носил копыт, чтобы выгребать сажу. В то время как вверх по дымоходу, окутанный в облака сажи, мальчик будет необходимо, чтобы помочь прочистки стержней на своем пути вверх по дымоходу и попытаться спасти любой кисти, которая пришла в сторону. Местная организация управления делами деревни перешла от судов помещиков к церкви во времена Тюдоров и после него. Теперь Закон о местном самоуправлении 1894 года передал ответственность избранным приходским советам. Первое зарегистрированное заседание приходского совета Тасбурга состоялось 18 апреля 1900 года. Совет должен был собираться не реже одного раза в год в течение семи дней после 25 марта и не ранее 18:00. Первый совет состоял из Уильяма Бриггса, Уильяма Даффилда, Артура Фуллера, Сэмюэля Рампа, Джона и Роберта Дикса, с П. Берни Фиклин в качестве председателя и Дэниелом Берджессом в качестве клерка. Встречи проводились в школьной комнате на довольно нерегулярной основе. Стоимость отопления комнаты составляла два шиллинга, а миссис Гус была нанята для уборки после за один шиллинг. Можно только предположить, что они были заядлыми курильщиками труб и сигар! Возвращение к церковной деятельности, которая все еще имела сильное влияние в деревне, было сложным, и многие из первых собраний касались исключительно назначения в комитеты или в качестве попечителей различных сельских благотворительных организаций. Местное управление было гораздо более на уровне прихода, и были должностные лица, которые должны были быть назначены, такие как надзиратель и помощник надзирателя, обязанности которых включали сбор приходских ставок. В 1914 году Эрнеста Райта назначили приходским констеблом, а позже его помощником стал Джон Харрисон. До Первой мировой войны железная дорога была для большинства людей единственным связующим звеном с внешним миром, при условии, что они могли позволить себе проезд. Автомобили были ненадежными и слишком дорогими для всех, кроме немногих привилегированных, в то время как конный транспорт и велосипеды были пригодны только для местных поездок. О тяжелых потерях Первой мировой войны говорит Военный мемориал на це...
In the early years of the century Tasburgh continued as a mainly agricultural community, only one villager worked in Norwich, one at Dunston Hall and two on the nearby railway; all the rest found their livelihood in the village. In addition to farmers, smallholders and farm workers, there was a rat and mole catcher and a hurdle maker. It was very much a self contained community, with four publicans, a miller with two mill workers, two blacksmiths, a carpenter / wheelwright, two thatchers, a bricklayer, two carriers, two general dealers, two grocers, a pork butcher, a baker and three shoemakers. In the public service there was a schoolmistress, two parish roadmen and a policeman. There were also two dressmakers, two washerwomen and a lady who treated people for sores, burns and abscesses. In 1911 the population was 355. Tasburgh Lodge had been improved and renamed Tasburgh Hall by its owner P. Berney Ficklin. At Rainthorpe Hall, Sir Charles Harvey was spending considerable sums both on the hall and St Mary's Church. The rector from 1897 to 1922 was the Rev Walter Robert Hurd. Sons of these three gentlemen were to have distinguished careers. Horatio Berney Ficklin was a judge Advocate at the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals. Oliver Harvey became British Ambassador to France and was made Lord Harvey of Tasburgh. Richard Hurd was later Canon Hurd; he had a lasting love of Tasburgh and left a substantial bequest to the church on his death in 1975. Lord Harvey and Canon Hurd are both buried in the churchyard. The Cherry Tree in Church Road was a free house and the publican made horehound beer, which was reputed to be good for coughs. He also sold cider which was made from apples grown in the orchard at the back. The landlady of The Bird in Hand was appropriately named Mrs Alice Sparrow. The Quaker chapel off Fairstead Lane was active, while the primitive Methodist Chapel on what is now Church Hill and the parish church both had large congregations and thriving Sunday schools. William Moore, who spent much of his life in the village, tells us that his grandfather was estate bricklayer and chimney sweep for Rainthorpe Hall. To sweep the great chimneys at the hall, his grandfather would take one of his eight sons to climb up into the dark chimney as far as he safely could, carrying a hoe to scrape away the soot. While up the chimney, enveloped in clouds of soot, the lad would be required to help the sweeping rods on their way up the chimney and to try to rescue any brush which came adrift. The local organisation for controlling the affairs of the village had devolved from the courts of the lords of the manors to the church during and after Tudor times. Now the Local Government Act of 1894 had passed the responsibility on to elected parish councils. The first recorded meeting of Tasburgh parish council was on 18 April 1900. The council was required to meet at least once a year within seven days of 25 March and not before 6 pm. The first council comprised William Briggs, William Duffield, Arthur Fuller, Samuel Rump, John and Robert Dix, with P. Berney Ficklin as chairman and Daniel Burgess as clerk. Meetings were held in the school room on a rather irregular basis. The cost of heating the room was two shillings, and Mrs Goose was employed to clean up afterwards for one shilling. One can only suppose that they were inveterate pipe and cigar smokers! Taking over duties from a church which still retained a strong influence in the village was difficult, and many of the early meetings dealt solely with appointments to committees or as trustees to the various village charities. Local government was much more at parish level, and there were officers to appoint, such as the overseer and assistant overseer, whose duties included the collection of the parish rates. In 1914 Ernest Wright was appointed parish constable and later had an assistant in John Harrison. Until after the First World War the railway was, for most people, the only link with the outside world, provided they could afford the fare. Motor cars were unreliable and far too expensive for all but the privileged few, while horse drawn transport and cycles were only suitable for local journeys. Something of the heavy casualties of the First World War is told by the War Memorial in the churchyard, which records the names of twelve Tasburgh men, who died at a time when the villagers fit for active service probably did not exceed forty five. The Depwade Deanery Magazine of March 1919 tells of the passing of a wartime Tasburgh sailor, " A hero of Zeebrugge. With deep regret we record the death of Charles T. Lyon of this parish. After twenty one years service in the Royal Naval Reserve he rejoined in August 1914 and was commissioned to HM Trawler Aurora, being made Commodore of Group Seven in November. In the Zeebrugge Raid he showed the greatest gallantry after three years service in the war this hero was invalided out". The article goes on to say that Charles Lyon had been given a gold watch and chain for diving into the sea to rescue men during a storm in 1882 and that in 1916 he saved the lives of twenty seven men from torpedoed fishing smacks. Mrs Mildred Garrett has recalled that between the wars her father, the parish clerk Albert Matthews, started a bowls club with a green on the Mill Meadows between Tasburgh and Flordon. Also on the meadows were the two grass courts of the tennis club of the day. The Mill was not then in use, and was taken over once weekly for a dancing class, the instructor and pianist cycling out from Norwich. Once a month there was a dance, grandly call a 'ball', which often lasted until 3 am. A moonlit night was chosen, so that those walking from other villages could find their way home with ease. Mrs Garrett would cycle to Norwich or Wymondham to shop and well remembers Sir Charles and Lady Harvey travelling from Rainthorpe Hall to Tasburgh church in their carriage and pair. Her mother, together with Mrs Gates, the rector's wife, founded the first Women's Institute in Tasburgh in 1922. Throughout the 1920s and 30s travel became easier, as a few people acquired motor cycles, and cars and bus services were developed. Orange coloured buses of United Automobile Services pioneered the route along the A140 until they were absorbed by Eastern Counties Omnibus Company in 1931. The Eastern Counties service was five buses daily, including Sundays. Lower Tasburgh was served by the buses of Mr Trudgil of Pulham St Mary. One bus ran each way on Wednesdays and Fridays, with two return journeys on Saturdays. The trip to Norwich called for either plumpness or fortitude, for the buses had wooden seats, and one was fitted with solid tyres. The return fare was nine old pence (less than four new pence). At this time the present Grove Lane was called Coal House Hill, the Coal House standing on the site of the first house below the village hall. Here coal carted from Flordon Station was stored for distribution to the poor by the local charities. These charities had, by 1928, been condensed into three, the Fuel Allotment and Meek's Charity, the Poor's Land and the Clabburn and Bateman Charity. In that year they were all amalgamated into Tasburgh United Charities. The parish council still owned the pair of cottages in Marl Bottom which had been the Town House, the parish poorhouse. Despite re thatching in 1916 and again in 1925 they became a liability and were sold in 1928 to Dennis Cushion for seventy pounds. The beginnings of the village hall can be traced back to 1919 when the parish council resolved that 'a parish club or reading room should be erected centrally in the parish for the benefit of parishioners and for the fostering of a parochial feeling in the younger members of the parish'. In 1928 the parish subscribed to Norwich Fire Brigade the sum of four pounds yearly for their services. The brigade had stated that they were confident that they could get to Tasburgh in time, a brave statement indeed. This arrangement was made despite the fact that there was at the time a fire engine in use at Long Stratton, perhaps their charges were too high! All we currently know of sport in Tasburgh in the inter war years is that Mr Berney Ficklin of Tasburgh Hall gave a silver cup to be played for at football between Upper and Lower Tasburgh. It is believed that the trophy was only played for on three occasions, the last being in 1968 when the score was appropriately one all after extra time. Children attended the school from the age of five and stayed until they were twelve; this was later extended to fourteen years. Bob Lammas was an exception, at the age of four he followed a flock of sheep passing his home. As they reached the school, he saw his brother and sister and went in to join them; meanwhile his distraught parents were searching the village for him. Miss Abbs, the teacher, gave Bob a halfpenny and made sure he reached home safely, but Bob was so upset at leaving the school that she allowed him to begin school one year early. Mrs Elizabeth Page recalls that she was quite overawed on her first day at school with so many children crowded into the building. The scholars were seated on long benches placed in a series of steps; as they grew older they were moved higher and higher up the steps. The school log book, kept since 1922, records all visitors, events and repairs. Many entries report the difficulty of keeping the building warm in winter, often the temperature was only , and it was not always possible to light the fire because of sulphur fumes and smoke. A regular visitor was Sir Charles Harvey of Rainthorpe Hall, but in March 1927 a far less welcome visitor paid a call. A ferocious bull took possession of the playground, and Kenneth Riches and Herbert Sayer were sent to remove it! In the same year three boys earned notoriety in a different way, for on 22 November the punishment book records that Harold Riches (12), Arthur Hurry (12), and Fred Larter (11) received 'four strokes on hands and buttocks for milking Mr Curson's cow when standing in a meadow and for telling lies about it'. Elizabeth Page remembers the annual school outings, paid for by Sir Charles Harvey, train journeys from Flordon to the seaside, her first sight of the sea. School concerts were held in the theatre at Rainthorpe Hall. Frances Rayner recalls starting at the school in 1939 when Mrs Cross was head teacher. All the children attended Sunday schools, the church school was taught by Alice Matthews, and all her pupils were in the choir. At the outbreak of the Second World War the school had declined to fourteen children and was the smallest in the Deanery. With the coming of evacuees billeted out in the village, the numbers of scholars swelled, and a shift system had to be introduced, the village children attending in the mornings and the evacuees in the afternoons. Later, most of the evacuees were taught at Tasburgh Hall by additional teachers. The 1939–45 World War started early in Tasburgh, for the parish council minute book records a request from Depwade Rural District Council in 1937 to appoint three air raid wardens. This done, two stirrup pumps were purchased to deal with incendiary bombs, and three more were given by the RDC. By 1939 there were five wardens. The parish council ran a competition in 1940 for those making the best use of their gardens for food production, and in 1941 a knitting group was formed to knit garments for the armed forces. As part of a national scheme, a salvage officer was appointed, and a derelict building at the bottom of Grove Lane was used to store paper, bottles, jam jars and metal; collections were made by the WVS aided by schoolchildren. In addition to finding material for the war effort, the salvage fund raised money for local charities and especially for the village hall building fund. With the fall of France, a parish invasion committee was set up in 1940, and a local unit of the Home Guard was formed under the charge of Ray Page the farmer then resident at Rookery Farm. The Home Guard post was in a building at The Bird in Hand (now the Countryman). William Moore reckons that the proximity of the public house was, on occasions, something of a temptation to the gallant patrol defending Tasburgh, as was the blazing fire in their guardroom. Tasburgh Hall became the headquarters of an army searchlight unit, with a searchlight on the lawn and another nearby at Hapton Hall. Later in the war, the army left, and the hall was used to house evacuees. Beer supplies were severely restricted, the public houses opened only at weekends, when they were swamped by soldiers stationed in the area and, later in the war, by American servicemen from nearby airfields at Hethel, Tibenham and Hardwick. It was not unknown for the week's supply of beer to be consumed in an evening. William Moore says that some of the precious beer at the Horseshoes was held back for the locals, who had to call at the back door and drink secretly in the cellar. At these times the village policeman would leave his cycle in a field and approach on foot to join the clandestine drinkers. William Moore also speaks of more direct contact with the war, of tracer bullet holes in his cycle shed and of his bed, which would jump off its blocks with the force of bomb explosions during the Norwich blitz. Late in the war, German flying bombs, nicknamed doodle bugs, would pass over, but one day he was blown from his feet when a doodle bug motor cut out and it exploded in a nearby field. Teacher, Miss Hewett, was once shown as absent due to 'the shock of the blitz'. The only wartime casualty known to occur in the village was of a soldier who was crushed by a tank while guiding it along Old Hall Farm Loke. Loss of life by residents on active service was much less than in the First World War; one name only is recorded on the War Memorial. To save petrol during the war, buses were powered by gas, which was produced in a coke burner towed behind the bus on a two wheeled trailer. William Moore says that very limited power resulted, and the buses could only manage about fifteen miles per hour. On reaching Dunston Hill the passengers had perforce to alight and walk up the hill behind the struggling bus. During the war, scholars would walk to school carrying their lunch of meat paste, jam or even lard sandwiches, together with their gas mask and identity card; anyone forgetting the last two items could be sent back home to get them. Bob Lammas and William Moore both recall a wartime drama in the village when a spy was captured. He lived in a cottage on Church Hill and toured the district on a bicycle visiting the Horseshoes public house to mix with the soldiers drinking there. One night a vigilant Home Guard saw a flashing light from the cottage as enemy planes were flying over. The incident was reported, and shortly after the Tasburgh Home Guard were called out to patrol the area until a light armoured vehicle and army lorries with Military Police arrived. The spy was arrested and a radio transmitter was found in the cottage chimney.
21-й век
2010 (1 мая) Группа под названием "Рекреация для всех", объединенная группами пользователей сельских залов, собралась вместе, чтобы организовать Фестиваль сообщества Тасбурга. Фестиваль должен был проходить в течение двух дней праздничного дня. Он был официально открыт бывшими игроками Норвич Сити, Крейг Флемингом и Дарреном Хакерби. 2011 (июнь) и 2-й фестиваль сообщества Тасбурга состоялся на территории сельской залы. 2012 (23 июня) Третий фестиваль сообщества Тасбурга привлек толпу. В этом году в зале поселка разместились три местные группы. День был посвящен Олимпийским играм и начался с парада факелов с деревенского знака. На арене выступали такие группы как A World of Wings, Lowestoft Dog Agility Display Team и доктор Кен жонглирующий.
2010 (1 May) A group called "Recreation For All," an amalgam of village hall user groups, got together to organise Tasburgh Community Festival. The Festival was scheduled to run for the two days of the Bank Holiday. It was officially opened by ex Norwich City players, Craig Fleming and Darren Huckerby. 2011 (June) and the 2nd Tasburgh Community Festival took place in the grounds of the village hall. 2012 (23 June) The 3rd Tasburgh Community Festival attracted a crowd. This year the inside of the village hall was used to accommodate three local bands. The day had an Olympic theme to it and started with a torch parade from the village sign. Arena acts included A World of Wings, the Lowestoft Dog Agility Display Team and Dr Ken the juggler.
Управление
С таким же названием существует избирательный округ. Этот район простирается на северо-восток до Шотешама с общим населением в 2399 человек.
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches north east to Shotesham with a total ward population of 2,399.
Соседи
Близлежащие деревни включают Флордон, Хаптон, Тарстон, Лонг Страттон, Ньютон Флотман и Морнингторп.
Nearby villages include Flordon, Hapton, Tharston, Long Stratton, Newton Flotman and Morningthorpe.