Пекинская кухня: история и особенности

Local cuisine of Beijing, the national capital of China

Beijing cuisine, also known as Jing cuisine, Mandarin cuisine and Peking cuisine and formerly as Beiping cuisine, is the local cuisine of Beijing, the national capital of China.

As Beijing has been the capital of China for centuries, its cuisine is influenced by culinary traditions from all over China, but the style that has the greatest influence on Beijing cuisine is that of the eastern coastal province of Shandong. Beijing cuisine has itself, in turn, also greatly influenced other Chinese cuisines, particularly the cuisine of Liaoning, the Chinese imperial cuisine and the Chinese aristocrat cuisine. as well as from Huaiyang cuisine. Huaiyang cuisine has been praised since ancient times in China and it was a general practice for an official travelling to Beijing to take up a new post to bring along with him a chef specialising in Huaiyang cuisine. When these officials had completed their terms in the capital and returned to their native provinces, most of the chefs they brought along often remained in Beijing. They opened their own restaurants or were hired by wealthy locals. Chinese Islamic cuisine is another important component of Beijing cuisine and was first prominently introduced when Beijing became the capital of the Yuan dynasty. However, the most significant contribution to the formation of Beijing cuisine came from Shandong cuisine, as most chefs from Shandong Province came to Beijing en masse during the Qing dynasty. Unlike the earlier two cuisines, which were brought by the ruling class such as nobles, aristocrats and bureaucrats and then spread to the general populace, the introduction of Shandong cuisine begun with serving the general populace, with much wider market segment, from wealthy merchants to the working class.

English Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Pinyin Notes Abalone with peas and fish paste 蛤蟆鮑魚 蛤蟆鲍鱼 hāmǎ bàoyú The dish's name literally means "toad abalone". Boiled fish in household style 家常熬魚 家常熬鱼 jiācháng áoyú Braised fish 酥魚 酥鱼 sūyú Egg and shrimp wrapped in corn flour pancake 糊餅 糊饼 húbǐng Fish cooked with five kinds of sliced vegetable 五柳魚 五柳鱼 wǔlǐu yú Fish cooked with five spice powder 五香魚 五香鱼 wǔxiāng yú Fish in vinegar and pepper 醋椒魚 醋椒鱼 cùjiāo yú Fish soaked in soup 乾燒魚 干烧鱼 gānshāo yú Sea cucumber with quail egg 烏龍吐珠 乌龙吐珠 wūlóng tǔzhū The dish's name literally means "the black dragon spits out pearls". Shrimp chips with egg 金魚戲蓮 金鱼戏莲 jīnyú xìlián The dish's name literally means "the goldfish playing with the lotus". Soft fried fish 軟炸魚 软炸鱼 ruǎnzhá yú

English Image Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Pinyin Notes Naked oats noodle 莜麵搓魚 莜面搓鱼 yóumiàn cuōyú Noodles with thick gravy 打滷麵 打卤面 dǎlǔmiàn Sesame Sauce Noodles 麻醬麵 麻醬面 májiàngmiàn A popular noodle dish in Northern China. The sesame sauce is mainly made of sesame paste and sesame oil. In American cooking, the sesame paste is often substituted by peanut butter. Zhajiangmian 炸醬麵 炸酱面 zhájiàngmiàn

English Image Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Pinyin Notes Fried butter cake 奶油炸糕 奶油炸糕 nǎiyóu zhágāo Fried cake with fillings 燙麵炸糕 烫面炸糕 tàngmiàn zhágāo Fried sesame egg cake 開口笑 开口笑 kāikǒuxiàoThe dish's name literally means "open mouth and laugh/smile". Fried tofu with egg wrapping 鍋塌豆腐 锅塌豆腐guōtà dòufǔ Jiaoquan 焦圈 焦圈 Jiāoquān Shaped like a fried doughnut, but has a crispier texture Steamed egg cake 碗糕 碗糕 wǎngāo Sachima 沙琪瑪 沙琪玛 sàqímǎ Chinese pastry of Manchu origin similar looking to Rice Krispies Treats but different in taste

English Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Pinyin Notes Baked sesame seed cake 燒餅 烧饼 shāobǐng Baked wheaten cake 火燒 火烧 huǒshāo Bean jelly 涼粉 凉粉 liángfěn Bean paste cake 涼糕 凉糕 liánggāo Beijing yoghurt 奶酪 奶酪 nǎilào Buckwheat cake 扒糕 扒糕 pāgāo Cake with bean paste filling 豆餡燒餅 豆馅烧饼 dòuxiàn shāobǐng Candied fruit 蜜餞 蜜饯 mìjiàn Chatang / Miancha / Youcha 茶湯 / 麵茶 / 油茶 茶汤 / 面茶 / 油茶 chátāng / miànchá / yóuchá Chestnut broth 栗子羹 栗子羹 lìzǐ gēng Chestnut cake with bean paste 栗子糕 栗子糕 lìzǐ gāo Chinese cabbage in mustard 芥末墩 芥末墩 jièmò dūn Crisp fritter 麻頁 麻页 máyè Crisp fritter with sesame 薄脆 薄脆 báocuì Crisp noodle 饊子 馓子 sǎnzǐ Crisp thin fritter twist 排叉 排叉 páichā Deep fried dough cake 油餅 油饼 yóubǐng Dried fermented mung bean juice 麻豆腐 麻豆腐 má dòufǔ Dried soy milk cream in tight rolls 腐竹 腐竹 fǔzhú Fermented mung bean juice 豆汁 豆汁 dòuzhī Freshwater snail shaped cake 螺螄轉 螺蛳转 luósī zhuǎn Fried cake 炸糕 炸糕 zhágāo Fried cake glazed in malt sugar 蜜三刀 蜜三刀 mìsāndāo Fried dough twist 麻花 麻花 máhuā Fried ring 焦圈 焦圈 jiāoquān Fried sugar cake 糖耳朵 糖耳朵 táng ěrduō Fuling pancake sandwich 茯苓夾餅 茯苓夹饼 fúlíng jiábǐng Glazed / candied Chinese yam 拔絲山藥 拔丝山药 básī shānyào Glazed steamed glutinous rice cake 水晶糕 水晶糕 shuǐjīng gāo Glazed thin pancake with Chinese yam and jujube stuffing 糖卷果 糖卷果 táng juǎnguǒ Glutinous rice ball 艾窩窩 艾窝窝 àiwōwō Glutinous rice cake 切糕 切糕 qiēgāo Glutinous rice cake roll 卷糕 卷糕 juǎngāo Hawthorn cake 京糕 京糕 jīnggāo Honeycomb cake 蜂糕 蜂糕 fēnggāo Iced fruit 冰果 冰果 bīngguǒ Jellied beancurd 豆腐腦 豆腐脑 dòufǔ nǎo Kidney bean roll 芸豆卷 芸豆卷 yúndòujuǎn Lama cake 喇嘛糕 喇嘛糕 lǎmā gāo Millet zongzi 粽子 粽子 zòngzǐ Mung bean cake 綠豆糕 绿豆糕 lǜdòu gāo Noodle roll 銀絲卷 银丝卷 yínsījuǎn Pancake 烙餅 烙饼 làobǐng Pease pudding 豌豆黃 豌豆黄 wāndòu huáng Preserved fruit 果脯 果脯 guǒpú Purple vine cake 藤蘿餅 藤萝饼 téngluó bǐng Rice and jujube cake 甑糕 甑糕 zènggāo Rice and white kidney bean cake with jujube 盆糕 盆糕 péngāo Rice cake with bean paste 花糕 花糕 huāgāo Shortening cake 牛舌餅 牛舌饼 níushé bǐng Soybean flour cake 豆麵糕 豆面糕 dòumiàn gāo Stir fried hawthorn 炒紅果 炒红果 chǎohóngguǒ Stir fried starch knots 燒疙瘩 炒疙瘩 chǎo gēdā Suncake 太陽糕 太阳糕 tàiyáng gāo Not to be confused with Taiwanese suncake, whose name in Chinese is translates more literally as "sun cookie". Sweet flour cake 墩餑餑 墩饽饽 dūnbōbō Sweet hard flour cake 硬麵餑餑 硬面饽饽 yìngmiàn bōbō Sweet potato starch jelly 粉皮 粉皮 fěnpí Sweetened baked wheaten cake 糖火燒 糖火烧 táng huǒshāo Tanghulu 糖葫蘆 糖葫芦 táng húlú Tangyuan 湯圓 汤圆 tāngyuán Thin millet flour pancake 煎餅 煎饼 jiānbǐng Thin pancake 薄餅 薄饼 báobǐng Thin pancake of lard 油皮 油皮 yóupí Thousand layered cake 千層糕 千层糕 qiāncéng gāo Veggie roll 春餅卷菜 春饼卷菜 chūnbǐng juǎncài Not to be confused with spring rolls. Watermelon jelly 西瓜酪 西瓜酪 xīguā lào Wotou 窝头 窝头 wōtóu Xing ren cha 杏仁茶 杏仁茶 xìngrén chá Xingren doufu 杏仁豆腐 杏仁豆腐 xìngrén dòufǔ Yellow cake 黃糕 黄糕 huánggāo