Transfer Day

Transfer Day is a holiday celebrated in the U. S. Virgin Islands on March 31. It marks the transfer of the islands from Denmark to the United States that took place in 1917. The islands were initially held by various European countries, and were under the sole control of Denmark by 1754. Transfer Day could have taken place years earlier, but due to the construction and funding of the Panama Canal, the United States Senate rejected negotiations. Following money shortages from war, and the potential German invasion of Denmark, both sides saw the exchange as mutually beneficial. Transfer Day is now celebrated in a variety of ways on the various islands including parades, parties, and reenactment of the original Transfer Day itself.

The first Westerner to land in the Virgin Islands was Christopher Columbus in 1493. Several European countries subsequently held the Virgin Islands, including France, Britain, Spain and lastly Denmark. After gaining full control of the islands via a 1754 purchase from the Danish West Indian Company, the Danish established the local sugar industry, which relied upon slave labour. When the sugar industry became less profitable, the Danish West Indies continued throughout the 19th century to enjoy a commercial boom as a free port and as a coaling station for sailing vessels and paddle steamers. At the time of the US purchase of the Danish West Indies in 1917, the colony did not include Water Island, which had been sold by Denmark to the East Asiatic Company, a private shipping company, in 1905. The company sold the island to the United States in 1944, during the German occupation of Denmark. The federal government then used the island for military purposes until 1950, before finally transferring it to the territorial government in 1996.

The Virgin Islands were of long interest of the United States, " but as far back as the Civil War the U. S. was aware of their value as a possible U. S. Naval depot, commanding as they do the most important sea approaches from the Atlantic to the Caribbean". Following the decline of the sugar industry, the Danish began to have interest in selling the islands, but the United States senate was disinterested in the deal because of the building of the Panama Canal which significantly affect global trade and specifically United States Trade. Years later, there was mutual interest due to the fact that Denmark was struggling financially from war with Prussia and Austria, the United States had interest because Denmark was under threat of German invasion which caused fear that the Germans would then inhabit the Virgin Islands. In January 1917, the United States would agree to purchase the Virgin Islands for "$25 million ($295 per acre), then regarded as an exorbitant sum for land that amounted to hardly more than a tenth of the size of Rhode Island, the smallest state.". The celebration varies by year, for example in 1987, "A reenactment of the transfer will begin at 4 p. m. Tuesday on the lawns of the 1874 lime green, white shuttered Legislature building. That's the precise time the event originally occurred on March 31, 1917". In addition to reenacting the transfer, the Danish also replicated their departure, "The 196 foot long, three masted, full rigged Danish government training ship Danmark has sailed here from Copenhagen especially for the celebration. The Danmark 80 cadets and 18 officers will represent the officers and crew of the Danish cruiser Valkyrien which in 1917 carried back to Denmark the last Danish governor and his official party".