Диппе, Нью-Брансуик: История и современность франкоязычного города Канады.

Dieppe (/d//i//'//E//p/) is a city in the Canadian maritime province of New Brunswick. Statistics Canada counted the population at 28,114 in 2021, revised census figures have not been released. Dieppe's history and identity goes back to the eighteenth century. Formerly known as Leger's Corner, it was incorporated as a town in 1952 under the Dieppe name, and designated as a city in 2003. The Dieppe name was adopted by the citizens of the area in 1946 to commemorate the Second World War's Operation Jubilee, the Dieppe Raid of 1942. It is officially a francophone city; with 63.8% of the population mother tongue French, 24% English, 3% French and English, 8% other. A majority of the population reports being bilingual, speaking both French and English. Residents generally speak French with a regional accent (colloquially called "Chiac") which is unique to southeastern New Brunswick. A large majority of Dieppe's population were in favour of the by law regulating the use of external commercial signs in both official languages, which is a first for the province of New Brunswick. Dieppe is the largest predominantly francophone city in Canada outside Québec; while there are other municipalities with greater total numbers of francophones, they constitute a minority of the population in those cities. Dieppe was one of the co hosts of the first Congrès Mondial Acadien (Acadian World Congress) which was held in the Moncton region in 1994, and again in 2019. Dieppe is part of the census metropolitan area of Moncton, which is New Brunswick's most populous city, with a metropolitan population of 144,810 according to Statistics Canada in 2016.

In 1910, the area known as French Village became known as Leger's Corner which, in turn, became the Village of Dieppe in 1946 to commemorate the Canadian soldiers killed during the landing of Allied troops on Normandy beaches in Dieppe, France, on August 19, 1942. On January 1, 1952, the Village of Dieppe became the Town of Dieppe. On January 1, 2003, the municipality was designated as the City of Dieppe.

Dieppe is located on the Petitcodiac River. It forms the southeastern part of the Greater Moncton Area, which, in addition to the city of Moncton, includes the town of Riverview, Moncton Parish, Memramcook, Coverdale, and Salisbury.

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Dieppe had a population of 28114 living in 11570 of its 11993 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 25384. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.

+Canada Census Mother Tongue Dieppe, New Brunswick 2016201120062001Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage)Pop. (Population)% (percentage) European 23,995 86.73 23,235 93.41 21,890 95.86 17,935 97.90 14,570 98.81 African 755 2.73 295 1.19 180 0.79 150 0.82 50 0.34 Indigenous 735 2.66 620 2.49 340 1.49 85 0.46 120 0.81 Middle Eastern 585 2.11 95 0.38 175 0.77 45 0.25 10 0.07 Southeast Asian 535 1.93 185 0.74 40 0.18 20 0.11 0 0.00 South Asian 405 1.46 75 0.30 0 0.00 40 0.22 0 0.00 East Asian 310 1.12 290 1.17 140 0.61 20 0.11 0 0.00 Latin American 175 0.63 55 0.22 25 0.11 25 0.14 0 0.00 Other/multiracial 175 0.63 25 0.10 0 0.00 10 0.05 0 0.00 Total responses 27,665 98.40 24,875 97.99 22,835 97.96 18,320 98.68 14,745 98.62 Total population 28,114 100.00 25,384 100.00 23,310 100.00 18,565 100.00 14,951 100.00

Acadians from the Petitcoudiac and Shepody (French: Chipoudy) regions were the first pioneers to settle in the area and founded Sylvabreau in 1730, followed by the Melanson family at Ruisseau des Renards (Fox Creek) in 1746 and the LeBlanc and Boudreau families at Chartersville in 1776. Prior to the arrival of Acadian settlers, the southern part of the province was inhabited by the Algonquin people.

The Battle of the Petitcodiac was fought on September 2, 1755, during the British expulsion of the Acadians, after the capture of Fort Beauséjour. The Massachusetts British force was soundly defeated by troops from Boishébert, Acadian militia, and First Nations' warriors. At the mouth of the Nacadie Creek (Hall's) settlements such as le Coude (The Bend), Sylvabreau and the surrounding hamlets were destroyed. Even after these raids, Acadians returned to these villages and the numbers grew as the deportation from peninsular Nova Scotia continued, followed by the deportation from present day Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton. Victory for the British occurred three years later (1758) during the Petitcodiac River Campaign (:fr:La bataille du Cran) which resulted in the deportation of the Acadians that lived along the Petitcodiac River or had taken refuge there from earlier deportation operations.

Dieppe was known as Upper Village after the Expulsion and was settled by the Surette, Maillet, and Thibodeau families, while Chartersville was called Leblanc's Village and also included members of the Boudreau's clan. Prior to 1800, Pierre Bourgeois had established himself on the (Ruisseau des Renards) Fox Creek salt marsh. Agriculture, forestry and some fishing sustained these Acadian families up until the mid 1800s, when shipbuilding and railways created employment opportunities for Acadians around the Moncton area. After a bridge was completed in 1867 at the mouth of Hall's Creek (Nacadie during the French settlement at Le Coude), a road was constructed that link the incorporated Town of Moncton's Westmorland Road (Main Street) to the (French Village) Dieppe area. This road went through farmland that had belong to the Leger family and intersected the old road (Acadie Avenue) that had taken travellers up and around Hall's Creek to the community of Lewisville to get to Moncton. By 1900, the little area around the intersection became known as Léger's Corner, and with the increasing traffic from the bridge, merchants became attracted to the corner and soon set up shops and services around the intersection. Prior to the First World War, a small residential development was erected, and the community continue to grow until the Second World War. Then a population explosion occurred. Léger's Corner received the largest influx of military personnel in southeastern New Brunswick. Ten thousand airmen (due to the airport) and their support staff arrived overnight in 1940, and soon temporary warehouses and housing were erected. When Léger's Corner became incorporated as a municipal village in 1946, the community was renamed Dieppe, after a port in France on the English Channel, to honour the 913 Canadian servicemen who took part in the Dieppe Raid, the bloody landing by Allied soldiers, on August 19, 1942, during the Second World War. Then, part of Lakeburn was annexed in 1946 and Dieppe East in 1948. A referendum (262 for, 232 against) marginally favoured the village to incorporate as the Town of Dieppe in 1952. At that time, Dieppe had over 3,000 inhabitants within its boundaries. Growth continued unabated throughout the 1950s and 1960s as Dieppe annexed the villages of Saint Anselme and Chartersville and the local service districts of Dover Fox Creek (Upper Dover), the parish of Dorchester (part), and the parish of Moncton (part), the latter in 1973. With its rural expansion came a growth in population exceeding 8,500 in the 1981 census. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the Town of Dieppe, like the rest of the region, went through an economic downfall which limited its growth in population. By 2001, the Greater Moncton area and Dieppe's economy flourished and with it came a population increment of nearly 15,000 in 2001 to over 23,000 in 2011. To preserve its heritage, culture and identity as a community in Southern New Brunswick, Dieppe opted to incorporate itself as a city on January 1, 2003. At that time it became New Brunswick's eighth incorporated city. Maps of Dieppe from the 1960s show Champlain Street below Acadie Avenue as Main Street and above the intersection as Airport Road.

Le Collège communautaire du Nouveau Brunswick Campus de Dieppe is a francophone post secondary higher education institution. CCNB Dieppe opened to the public in 1987. Its English language counterpart, NBCC Moncton campus, situated on Mountain Road in Moncton, is the largest of the NBCC system. The province has two autonomous English and French community college corporations established under the 2010 New Brunswick Community Colleges Act.

The community has some thirty five parks and green spaces: one city park, fourteen green spaces and twenty neighbourhood parks, as well as green islands and a growing number of trails and bicycle paths.

Dieppe Kite International—Kite flyers from several countries come to Dover Park in Dieppe. The first Dieppe Kite International took place in 2001 with the objective to offer an event that was original and of international calibre. Dieppe Friendship Carnival—The annual friendship winter carnival started in the 1970s and features sleigh rides, skating on the pond, fiddle music, community breakfasts, canteen and more.

Dieppe Aquatic and Sports Centre—Located at 111 Aquatique Street, Dieppe Aquatic and Sports Centre is a recreational facility, with three pools; a 25 meter six lane pool for laps and various activities; a two lane recreational pool for swimming and aquafitness sessions; and a second recreational pool with a slope from equipped with water games, waterslides, a sitting and water jet area and a pirate ship for children. Arthur J LeBlanc Centre—The Arthur J LeBlanc Centre is a 595 seat multi purpose arena.

The city of Dieppe is a participant in the province of New Brunswick's local historic places program, funded by the government of Canada through the historic places initiative.

Honoré Melanson Village—Once known as the community district of Fox Creek, this site was established by Paul Honoré Melanson and his wife Marie Josephe Breau in 1748. This couple resisted the 1755 Deportation and sought exile in Louisiana in 1764. The site commemorated with a plaque is located at the intersection of Marguerite, Amirault, and Fox Creek streets. Odyssée—This monument, located at "Le coude" on the Petitcodiac river, tells the story of Acadian resistance on the banks of the river, after deportation orders were issued. Joseph Broussard and his friends used Guerrilla warfare tactics to avoid deportation. Saint Teresa of the Infant Jesus Church is a large stone and concrete structure with a bell tower and Gothic windows. This modern interpretation of Gothic Revival religious architecture is located at the corner of Sainte Thérèse Street and Acadie Avenue in Dieppe. The church highlights the importance of the Catholic Church in the community life of Leger Corner. In 1930, this parish broke away from the parish of Saint Anselme and built its first church, made of wood. That building was converted into a community centre in 1950 when this new stone church was opened to the public. Sainte Thérèse Church is recognized for its architecture. This place of worship was built by contractor Abbey Landry of Memramcook from 1949 to 1950. This building exhibits a modern interpretation of traditional Gothic Revival religious architecture. In its Gothic windows, magnificent stained glass panels illustrate the life of patron Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus, a Carmelite nun who died at Lisieux, France in 1897, at the age of 24. Joseph Doiron House is located at 1150 Amirault Street. Built in 1847, the Joseph Doiron House was once the meeting and celebration place for the Village of St Anselme. Its basement also served as a school. Joseph Doiron was a literate notary who had been educated in Memramcook by Father Louis Brodeur.

L'Étoile Dieppe Édition Dieppe, provides news and information to the francophone population of New Brunswick's Dieppe area. L'Étoile Édition Dieppe is published every Thursday and it is owned by Brunswick News.

The Greater Moncton International Airport was officially opened in 2002 by Queen Elizabeth II. It is from downtown Dieppe and from Moncton. Moncton Flight College, the largest private flight school in Canada, is at the airport. MFC has trained over 16,000 pilots from around the world since 1929.

Codiac Transpo is the city of Moncton, Dieppe and town of Riverview's public transit system. Within Codiac transpo 47 bus fleet, three services Dieppe's main arteries and subdivisions seven days a week; in addition to its numerous fleet of Codiac Buses at the Champlain Place terminal. Services to the inner city has been offered since 1984. Services are provided seven days a week with late evening routes and modified weekend hours.

Fox Creek Bridge — Inaugurated in 1982, the current bridge replaced the low rise structure which was built in 1924. Some facts regarding the Fox Creek bridge from the June 8, 1982, edition of L'Evangeline newspaper. The present site of the Fox Creek bridge holds historical facts which dates back to the 1800s. A geographical map of the region made by the English forces shows families with the Amirault surnames living in the area. Later, Acadians built earthen dykes (aboiteau) at Pointe des renards to prevent flooding, which also served as "bridges" for both banks of the river. In 1924, a low rise bridge was constructed that flooded every two to three years. Hall's Creek Bridge — The first Hall's Creek bridge in Moncton was built in 1867, which link the city with Leger's Corner via the Westmorland Road (Main Street). The current structure at the Wheeler Boulevard intersection opened in 1982. In the archives at the McCord Museum of Canadian History in Montreal, there is a postcard with the inscription of "Fox Creek Bridge". This postcard was mailed from Montreal, Quebec, on 23 September 1913 to a Miss Breau at 28 rue Victoria Street Moncton. A closer look seemingly reveals it to be the Halls Creek Bridge. It is unknown when the picture was taken; however, a small portion of downtown Moncton of the time is visible on the postcard. Both bridges are on Route 106, which follows the original provincial Route 2 from Quebec to Nova Scotia. Through the late 1950s and 1960s, a number of bypasses and realignments, mostly two lane, were built to improve Route 2 with federal Trans Canada Highway funds. The first, built in the 1950s, was around Moncton. The old road became Route 2A, but it was renumbered Route 6 in 1965 and 106 in 1984 during a reclassification of provincial highways. It is still signed as Route 6 at the corner of Cameron St. and Main St. (the current Route 106) in downtown Moncton. At Moncton, Route 106 runs through Main Street and passes Hall's Creek bridge up to the intersection in centre ville Dieppe connecting Amirault Street, which leaves the city to the southeast en route to Memramcook. The aforementioned route had a significant impact for the future community of Dieppe has it linked southeast New Brunswick to Nova Scotia prior to the completion of the new Trans Canada Highway. In addition, it attracted new residents to cultivate the land and build dwellings throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.