Введение
Гибридный язык английского и тагальского языков. Таглиш или Englog — это переключение между кодами и/или смешение кодов при использовании тагальского и английского языков, наиболее распространённых языков Филиппин. Слова «Таглиш» и «Englog» являются портманто, образованными от слов «тагальский» и «английский». Первое зафиксированное употребление слова «Таглиш» датируется 1973 годом, а менее распространённая форма «Tanglish» — 1999 годом. Таглиш широко используется на Филиппинах, а также филиппинцами в зарубежных общинах. Существуют также различные варианты, включая Coño English, Jejemon и Swardspeak.
Taglish or Englog is code switching and/or code mixing in the use of Tagalog and English, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999. Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejemon and Swardspeak.
Описание
Таглиш широко распространен на Филиппинах и стал де-факто лингва франка среди урбанизированного и/или образованного среднего класса. Он в основном считается "нормальным приемлемым стилем общения в речи и письме" в неформальной обстановке. Он настолько распространен, что не носителя языка можно легко определить, поскольку он преимущественно говорит на тагальском, в то время как носитель языка свободно переключается между английским и тагальским. По словам лингвиста Марии Лурдес С. Баутисты, на Филиппинах существует два контрастных типа переключения кодов: обусловленное дефицитом и обусловленное владением. Переключение кодов, обусловленное дефицитом, происходит, когда те, кто недостаточно владеет одним языком, вынуждены переключаться на более знакомый язык. Это часто встречается у маленьких детей, как в примере, приведенном Баутистой ниже: Однако эта практика распространилась и на другие регионы, где говорят как на английском, так и на тагальском/филиппинском языках, включая регионы, где тагальский не является родным языком. Характерно, что это форма тагальского/филиппинского языка, в которую включены английские слова, где тагальский/филиппинский является субстратом, а английский – суперстратом. Помимо переключения кодов между предложениями, клаузами и фразами на "чистом" тагальском и английском языках, в таглише также происходит смешение кодов, особенно в предложениях, которые следуют правилам тагальской грамматики с тагальским синтаксисом и морфологией, но иногда используют английские существительные и глаголы вместо их тагальских эквивалентов. Примеры:
English Tagalog TaglishCould you explain it to me?Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i explain mo sa akin. Could you shed light on it for me?Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki explain mo sa akin. Have you finished your homework?Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng aralín?Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver. English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
English Tagalog TaglishI will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya shopping ako sa mall mámayâ. Have you printed the report?Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat?Na print mo na ba ang report?Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki on 'yung aircon. Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntáng paaralán/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntáng school. I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi kó ma understand ang topic ng lecture niya. Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas. Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use. There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.
Английский Тагальский Таглиш
Could you explain it to me? Maaaring ipaunawa mo sa akin. Maaaring i-explain mo sa akin.
Could you shed light on it for me? Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki-explain mo sa akin.
Have you finished your homework? Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdang aralin? Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?
Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver.
English Tagalog TaglishCould you explain it to me?Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i explain mo sa akin. Could you shed light on it for me?Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki explain mo sa akin. Have you finished your homework?Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng aralín?Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver. English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
English Tagalog TaglishI will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya shopping ako sa mall mámayâ. Have you printed the report?Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat?Na print mo na ba ang report?Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki on 'yung aircon. Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntáng paaralán/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntáng school. I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi kó ma understand ang topic ng lecture niya. Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas. Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use. There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.
Английские глаголы и даже некоторые существительные могут использоваться как тагальские глагольные корни. Это достигается путем добавления одного или нескольких префиксов или инфиксов и удвоения первого звука начальной формы существительного или глагола, что соответствует тагальской морфологии, но обычно сохраняет английское написание корней. Английский глагол "drive" может быть изменен на тагальское слово "magda-drive", означающее "будет водить" (вместо тагальского слова "magmamaneho"). Английское существительное "Internet" также может быть изменено на тагальское слово "nag-Internet", означающее "пользовался Интернетом". Таглиш также использует предложения, состоящие из смешанных английских и тагальских слов и фраз. Соединительные союзы, используемые для их соединения, могут быть взяты из любого из двух языков. Некоторые примеры:
English Tagalog TaglishCould you explain it to me?Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i explain mo sa akin. Could you shed light on it for me?Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki explain mo sa akin. Have you finished your homework?Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng aralín?Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver. English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
English Tagalog TaglishI will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya shopping ako sa mall mámayâ. Have you printed the report?Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat?Na print mo na ba ang report?Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki on 'yung aircon. Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntáng paaralán/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntáng school. I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi kó ma understand ang topic ng lecture niya. Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas. Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use. There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.
Английский Тагальский Таглиш
I will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mamaya. Magsya-shopping ako sa mall mamaya.
Have you printed the report? Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat? Na-print mo na ba ang report?
Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki-on 'yung aircon.
Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntang paaralan/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntang school.
I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi ko maintindihan ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi ko ma-understand ang topic ng lecture niya.
Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki-fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas.
English Tagalog TaglishCould you explain it to me?Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i explain mo sa akin. Could you shed light on it for me?Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki explain mo sa akin. Have you finished your homework?Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng aralín?Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver. English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
English Tagalog TaglishI will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya shopping ako sa mall mámayâ. Have you printed the report?Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat?Na print mo na ba ang report?Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki on 'yung aircon. Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntáng paaralán/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntáng school. I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi kó ma understand ang topic ng lecture niya. Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas. Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use. There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.
Из-за своей неформальности пуристы английского и тагальского языков не одобряют его использование. Существуют примеры современных книг, написанных на таглише: приключенческий роман "Bullet With A Name" (2018) Кирстен Нимвей, любовный роман "Aeternum Dream" (2018) Харкина Дексимира и другие.
English Tagalog TaglishCould you explain it to me?Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin. Maaaring i explain mo sa akin. Could you shed light on it for me?Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin. Paki explain mo sa akin. Have you finished your homework?Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng aralín?Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?Please call the driver. Pakitawag ang tsuper. Pakitawag ang driver. English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots. The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag Internet meaning have used the Internet. Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:
English Tagalog TaglishI will shop at the mall later. Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ. Magsya shopping ako sa mall mámayâ. Have you printed the report?Nailathala/Naiimprenta mo na ba ang ulat?Na print mo na ba ang report?Please turn on the aircon. Pakibuksán iyong érkon. Paki on 'yung aircon. Take the LRT to school. Mag tren ka papuntáng paaralán/eskuwela. Mag LRT ka papuntáng school. I cannot understand the topic of his lecture. Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya. Hindi kó ma understand ang topic ng lecture niya. Could you fax your estimate tomorrow. Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas. Paki fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas. Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use. There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.
" Свордспик "
Swardspeak – это разновидность тагглийского/англoязычного ЛГБТ-сленга, используемого ЛГБТ-сообществом Филиппин. Это форма сленга, в которой используются слова и термины преимущественно из филиппинского английского, тагальского/филиппинского и/или себуанского и хилигайнона, а также иногда японского, корейского, китайского, санскрита или других языков. Часто используются и имена знаменитостей, вымышленных персонажей и торговых марок.