Амстердамский общественный транспорт GVB: история и современность

GVB (often informally called de GVB or het GVB) is the municipal public transport operator for Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, operating metro, tram, bus and ferry services in the metropolitan area of Amsterdam.

The forerunner of the GVB, the Gemeentetram Amsterdam (GTA) (Amsterdam Municipal Tramway), was established on 1 January 1900 by the city after it acquired a number of private companies. The first electric tram ran on 14 August 1900. In 1943, Gemeentetram merged with Gemeenteveren Amsterdam (established in 1897), the municipal ferry company, to form Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf Amsterdam (; ). In 1977, the first metro line was introduced. By 2002, the organization was simply called GVB. Between 2006 and 2016, Stadsregio Amsterdam was the authority responsible for all public transport in the greater Amsterdam area; it granted a concession (contract) to the GVB to provide public transport services. In 2010, Stadsregio Amsterdam extended the concession of the GVB for the period 2012–2017, and at the end of 2013, further extended it until 2024. On 1 January 2017, Vervoerregio Amsterdam replaced Stadsregio Amsterdam as the public transport authority for the greater Amsterdam area.

as of 2021, GVB bus services had 22 regular daytime routes (numbered between 15–68), 8 rush hour routes (200 series route numbers), 11 night routes (numbered as "N" plus two digits) of which just 2 routes run seven days a week. One route (369) runs between Schiphol Airport and Sloterdijk station (railway and metro connections). Three routes (461, 463, 464) offer free rides to the Gelderlandplein shopping centre in the Buitenveldert neighbourhood of Amsterdam. as of 2021, there were 233 buses in the fleet of which 31 were electric. The busiest bus route as of 2017, is bus route 21, running every 8 minutes or less, seven days a week.

Line Route Notes 15 Station Sloterdijk – Station Zuid 18 Amsterdam Centraal – Slotervaart 21 Amsterdam Centraal – Geuzenveld 22 Station Sloterdijk – Muiderpoortstation 34 Noorderpark (metrostation) – Olof Palmeplein 35 Molenwijk – Olof Palmeplein 36 Station Noord – Station Sloterdijk 37 Station Noord – Amstelstation 38 Buiksloterham – Station Noord 40 Amstelstation – Muiderpoortstation 41 Station Holendrecht – Muiderpoortstation 43 Amsterdam Centraal – Borneo eiland 44 Station Bijlmer ArenA – Diemen Noord 47 Station Bijlmer ArenA – Station Holendrecht 48 Amsterdam Centraal – Houthavens 49 Station Bijlmer ArenA – Station Weesp Operates during daytime hours on weekdays only. 61 Station Sloterdijk – Osdorpplein 62 Station Lelylaan – Amstelstation 63 Station Lelylaan – Osdorp De Aker 65 KNSM eiland – Station Zuid 66 Station Bijlmer ArenA – IJburg 68 Metrostation Henk Sneevlietweg – Riekerpolder Operates during daytime hours on weekdays only. 231 Station Sloterdijk – Abberdaan Rush hour commuter route 232 Station Sloterdijk – Westpoort Rush hour commuter route 233 Station Sloterdijk – Westpoort Rush hour commuter route 245 Molenwijk – Schiphol Zuid Early morning one way route to Schipol Airport 246 Borneo eiland – Schiphol Zuid Early morning one way route to Schipol Airport 247 Bos en Lommerplein – Schiphol Zuid Early morning one way route to Schipol Airport 267 Anderlechtlaan – John M. Keynesplein Rush hour commuter route 369 Station Sloterdijk – Schiphol Operates to and from Schipol Airport 461 Gelderlandplein – Gustav Mahlerplein Only operates during late morning and afternoon hours 463 Gelderlandplein – Bolestein Only operates during late morning and afternoon hours 464 Gelderlandplein – Vivaldi Only operates during late morning and afternoon hours

The Amsterdam public transport network falls under the National Tariff System of the Netherlands and the GVB has a few of its own tickets, notably the 24 , 48 and 72 hour tickets. The electronic OV chipkaart has been the only ticketing system valid in the Amsterdam metro since the summer of 2009, and in the rest of the network (tram, bus) since June 2010. Most trams carry conductors, but as they no longer stamp passengers' strippenkaarten their role has been deskilled; it now consists in ensuring security along with selling the occasional OV chipkaart and optionally announcing the stops.