Наньян қаласы: тарих, география және мәдениеті

Nanyang is a prefecture level city in the southwest of Henan province, China. The city with the largest administrative area in Henan, Nanyang borders Xinyang to the southeast, Zhumadian to the east, Pingdingshan to the northeast, Luoyang to the north, Sanmenxia to the northwest, the province of Shaanxi to the west, and the province of Hubei to the south. Dinosaur egg fossils have been discovered in the Nanyang Basin. The 35,000 capacity Nanyang Sports Centre Stadium is the main (football) venue in the city.

In the name "Nanyang" , Nan (lang=zh) means south, and Yang (lang=zh hans/陽) means sun—the south side of a mountain, or the north side of a river, in Chinese is called Yang. The name came from Nanyang Commandery, a commandery established in the region during the Warring States period. Before the name "Nanyang" became associated with the city itself, it was referred to as "Wan" (lang=zh).

550,000 years ago, Nanzhao Man inhabited near Xinghuashan, Nanzhao. Between 5,000 BCE and 3,000 BCE, a substantial Neolithic settlement thrived in Huangshan, situated north of Nanyang. Excavations of the Huangshan ruins have uncovered remnants of jade workshops, high level tombs, wharves, and granaries. The Huangshan Archeological Site provided insight into the formation of Chinese civilization. Nanyang was the capital of the state of Shen in the first millennium BCE. It became commercially important under the Han dynasty, as it had many iron foundries and other manufacturing sites, and also fell at the convergence of routes between major cities. It's an important city of the Silk Road. Emperor Gengshi's enthronement took place on the banks of the Bai River in Nanyang. Later, with the help of the 28 generals of the Cloud Terrace and the financial support of Nanyang, Liu Xiu successfully ascended to power and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. Nanyang became the southern capital, ranking as the second largest city after Luoyang, the capital. During that time, Nanyang was home to numerous influential families. Nanyang subsequently declined somewhat in importance, but remained a political and cultural center of southwestern Henan province and a hub for trade.

The climate is generally moderate and is a four season humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with strong monsoon influences: winters are cool but dry, and summers are hot and humid. Spring and autumn provide transitions of reasonable length. The monthly daily average temperature in January is and in July it is ; the annual mean is More than half the annual rainfall occurs from June to August.

The whole city area has a population over 10.26 million, which is the twelfth prefecture level city in China now. The built up area has over 1.8 million people, which is the fifth largest city in Henan Province. About 1 million commute from the city, mainly to Zhengzhou, Guangdong province, Beijing and Shanghai. The majority of the province is Han; among the minority nationalities are the Hui people and Man people.

As of the 2020 Chinese census, Nanyang was home to 9,713,112 people, ranking nineteenth in China, and its built up (or metro) area made of Wolong and Wancheng Districts was home to 2,085,680 people.

Nanyang higher education already has a good foundation for development. Nanyang is a great city of education. It has a fine tradition of respecting teachers and teaching and educating students. It has taken the lead in proposing a strategy of science and education in the country. In particular, in recent years, the municipal party committee and the municipal government have attached great importance to education. The education industry in our city has developed vigorously and the face of higher education has undergone tremendous changes. There are 6 colleges and universities in the city, with nearly 90,000 students. All colleges and universities adhere to the Party's education policy, implement the fundamental tasks of Lide Shuren, and have achieved unprecedented achievements in personnel training, scientific research, social services, cultural heritage innovation and international exchanges and cooperation, which not only promotes the city's science and technology. Innovation, social progress and improvement of people's livelihood have also laid a good foundation for achieving a higher level of development at a new starting point.

Nanyang has a developing cattle industry, as well as a tobacco factory. The Bai River flows through Nanyang and provides it with an abundant supply of fish. Nanyang produces two kinds of quality wine: Shedianlaojiu and Wolongyuye. Nanyang oil field is the second largest oil field in Henan Province. Agriculture plays an important role in its economy. There is a large optical component production community in the area comprising several factories.

Nanyang is served by the following rail lines: Nanjing Xi'an Railway, Jiaozuo Liuzhou Railway, Haoji Railway, and Zhengzhou–Wanzhou high speed railway. Nanyang has three major railway stations: Nanyang railway station, Nanyang East railway station, and Nanyang West railway station. There are also several other small stations serving suburban areas. Direct train service is available to Beijing, Shenyang, and Harbin to the north; Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou to the east; Xining, Lanzhou, and Ürümqi to the west; and Guangzhou, Xiamen, Nanning, and Kunming to the south.

As of 2023, Nanyang has 898 km expressway, ranking the longest in Henan Province. The expressway is an important part of Nanyang's "One cross, three rings, and six radiations" plan.

Nanyang Jiangying Airport is a civil aviation airport. It's 20 minutes from the urban area. Passengers can take flights to and from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Guilin. There are also two avion airports.

Tanghe to Madian waterway is under construction; the project is expected to be completed by the end of 2024.

Nanyang Public Transportation Corporation has 1,005 buses (97.8% are clean energy buses), 44 bus lines (859.8 km), and 1,050 stations. As of 2023, a total of 1,500 taxis were in operation in Nanyang; all of them run on natural gas. In addition, there are more than 1,790 app taxis and 35.98% of them are powered by renewable energy. Dockless app based bikeshares such as DiDi Bike and Hellobike are also available. Nanyang has planned six light rail lines with a total track mileage of 134 km.

The official language of Nanyang is Mandarin Chinese, but most locals speak the Henan dialect, with its easily identifiable stereotypical features; this local dialect is known as Nanyang Hua (南阳话), and is spoken by about 15 million people in the area. There is also a local form of Chinese opera called Wan Opera.