Каудро-Рено C.710: Француздық жеңіл шайқаш ұшағының тарихы

The C.710 were a series of light fighter aircraft developed by Caudron Renault for the French Air Force just prior to the start of World War II. One version, the C.714, saw limited production, and were assigned to Polish pilots flying in France after the fall of Poland in 1939. A small number was also supplied to Finland.

The original specification that led to the C.710 series was offered in 1936 in order to quickly raise the number of modern aircraft in French service, by supplying a "light fighter" of wooden construction that could be built rapidly in large numbers without upsetting the production of existing types. The contract resulted in three designs, the Arsenal VG 30, the Bloch MB.700, and the C.710. Prototypes of all three were ordered. The original C.710 model was an angular design developed from an earlier series of air racers. One common feature of the Caudron line was an extremely long nose which set the cockpit far back on the fuselage. The nose housed the 336 kW (450 hp) Renault 12R 01, a supercharged inverted and air cooled V 12 engine that resulted from putting together two 6Q engines. The aircraft was a monoplane of all wooden construction. It had a fixed and spatted landing gear, and the vertical stabilizer was a seemingly World War I era semicircle instead of a more common trapezoidal or triangular design. Armament consisted of a 20 mm Hispano Suiza HS.9 cannon under each wing in a small pod, with 60 rounds per gun. The C.710 demonstrated a speed of at , It used the fuselage of the C.710 with the wing of the Caudron C.580, while its Renault 613 engine, although basically the same as that of the C.710, had its power increased to by increasing compression, allowing the use of 100 Octane fuel. The C.712 made its first flight on 24 December 1936, but was destroyed in a crash at Istres on 29 April 1937 during a record attempt. The C.713, which flew on 15 December 1937, was a modified fighter which introduced retractable landing gear and a more conventional triangular vertical stabilizer. Other projected versions were the C.720 trainer with a 75 or 164 kW (100 or 220 hp) engine, the C.760 fighter with a 559 kW (750 hp) Isotta Fraschini Delta engine, and the C.770 fighter with a 597 kW (800 hp) Renault V engine. None of these reached production.

Deliveries did not start until January 1940. After a series of tests with the first production examples, it became apparent that the design was seriously flawed. Although light and fast, its wooden construction did not permit a more powerful engine to be fitted. The original engine seriously limited its climb rate and maneuverability with the result that the Caudron was withdrawn from active service in February 1940. In March, the initial production order was reduced to 90, as the performance was not considered good enough to warrant further production contracts. Eighty were diverted to Finland to fight in the Winter War. These were meant to be flown by French pilots. However, events in France resulted in only six aircraft being delivered, and an additional ten were waiting in the harbour when deliveries were stopped. The six aircraft that arrived were assembled, tested and given registrations CA 551 to CA 556. The aircraft were found to be too unreliable and dangerous to use in Finnish conditions, and were not committed to combat. Two of the aircraft were damaged during a transport flight to Pori. Further, the Finnish pilots found that it was difficult to start and land the aircraft from the air bases at the front. The aircraft were maintained on the roster until they were retired and scrapped on 30 December 1949. One example, CA 556 was transferred to the maintenance personnel school as an instructional airframe. On 18 May 1940, 35 Caudrons were delivered to the Polish Warsaw Squadron, the Groupe de Chasse polonais I/145, stationed at the Mions airfield. After just 23 sorties, adverse opinion of the fighter was confirmed by frontline pilots who expressed concerns that it was seriously underpowered and was no match for contemporary German fighters. On 25 May, only a week after it was introduced, French Minister of War Guy La Chambre ordered all C.714s to be withdrawn from active service. However, since the French authorities had no other aircraft to offer, the Polish pilots ignored the order and continued to fly the Caudrons. Despite flying a fighter hopelessly outdated compared to the Messerschmitt Bf 109E, the Polish pilots scored 12 confirmed and three unconfirmed victories in three battles between 8 June and 11 June, losing nine in the air and nine more on the ground. Among the aircraft shot down were four Dornier Do 17 bombers, and also three Messerschmitt Bf 109 and five Messerschmitt Bf 110 fighters. The Caudron fighter was also used by the Polish training squadron based in Bron near Lyon. Although the pilots managed to disperse several bombing raids, they did not score any kills; but they did not lose any aircraft either. By the end of June when France fell, only 53 production machines had been delivered (although the number varies, 98 is another common figure).

One full CR.714 airframe as well as one additional fuselage were preserved in Finland. The fuselage was offered back to the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace where, as of 2015, it is currently undergoing restoration.