Бутан валютасы: Нгултрум туралы мәліметтер

Currency of Bhutan

The ngultrum (/ə//ŋ/'/g//ʌ//l//t//r//əm/; , symbol: Nu., code: BTN) is the currency of the Kingdom of Bhutan. It can be literally translated as 'silver' for ngul and 'coin' for trum. It is subdivided into 100 chhertum ( , spelled as chetrums on coins until 1979). The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan, the central bank of Bhutan is the minting authority of the ngultrum banknotes and coins. The ngultrum is currently pegged to the Indian rupee at parity.

Until 1789, the coins of the Cooch Behar mint circulated in Bhutan. Following this, Bhutan began issuing its own coins known as chetrum, mostly silver 1/2 rupees. Hammered silver and copper coins were the only types issued until 1929, when modern style silver 1/2 rupee coins were introduced, followed by bronze 1 paisa in 1931 (dated 1928). Nickel 1/2 rupee coins were introduced in 1950. While the Cooch Behar mint coins circulated alongside Bhutan's own coins, decimalization was introduced in 1957, when Bhutan's first issue of coins denominated in naya paisa. The 1966 issues were 25 naya paisa, 50 naya paisa and 1 rupee coins, struck in cupro nickel. While the Bhutanese government developed its economy in the early 1960s, monetization in 1968 led to the establishment of the Bank of Bhutan. As monetary reforms took place in 1974, the Ngultrum was officially introduced as 100 Chhetrum equal to 1 Ngultrum. The Ngultrum retained the peg to the Indian rupee at par, which the Bhutanese coins had maintained. The term derives from the Dzongkha ngul, "silver" and trum, a Hindi loanword meaning "money." The Ministry of Finance issued its first banknotes in 1974 in denominations of Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10 and Nu.100. This was followed by the establishment of the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan as the central bank of Bhutan in 1982, which took over the authority to issue banknotes in 1983, replacing the authority of the Ministry of Finance.

In 1974, aluminum Ch.5 and Ch.10, aluminium bronze Ch.20, and cupro nickel Ch.25 and Nu.1 were introduced. The Ch.5 was square and the Ch.10 was scallop shaped. A new coinage was introduced in 1979, consisting of bronze Ch.5 and Ch.10, and cupro nickel Ch.25 and Ch.50 and Nu.1 and Nu.3. Aluminium bronze Ch.25 was also issued dated 1979. Ch.5 and Ch.10 have largely ceased circulating. Currently, coins are available in denominations of Ch.20, Ch.25, Ch.50 and Nu.1. + Image Value Technical parameters Description Date of Diameter Thickness Weight Edge Obverse Reverse issue withdrawal Ch.20 22.00 mm 1.8 mm 4.5 g Reeded Man working in field. Lettering: ཀུན་ལ་བཟའ་བཏུང FOOD FOR ALL Lesser Version of Coat of ArmsLettering: འབྲུག BHUTAN CHETRUMS 20 ཕྱེད་ཊམ 1974 Current Ch.25 22.20 mm 1.8 mm 4.6 g Reeded Golden fishes of good fortune. Lettering: ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN Dorje (a double diamond thunderbolt) is a part of Coat of Arms and represents the harmony between secular and religious powerLettering: ཕྱེད་ཀྲམ་ཉེར་ལྔ། TWENTY FIVE CHHERTUM 1979 Current Ch.50 25.85 mm 1.8 mm 6.9 g Reeded Treasure vase (One of the 8 Revered Buddhist Symbols). Lettering: ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN Eight Various Revered Buddhist Symbols & in the center is the word འབྲུག (BHUTAN)Lettering: ཕྱེད་ཀྲམ་ལྔ་བཅུ། FIFTY CHHERTUM. 1979 Current Nu.1 27.95 mm 1.7 mm 8.2 g Reeded Coat of Arms within circle, date below Elaborate designed Wheel of Dharma on a Lotus. Lettering: ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN Coin divided into nine sections within circle, each has symbol, denomination below Eight Various Revered Buddhist Symbols & in the center is the word འབྲུགLettering: དངུལ་ཀྲམ་གཅིག། ONE NGULTRUM 1979 Current

On June 2, 1974, Nu.1, Nu.5 and Nu.10 notes were introduced by the Royal Government of Bhutan, followed by Nu.2, Nu.20, Nu.50, and Nu.100 in 1978. 2006–present Series Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description Date of issue Date of first issue Watermark Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Nu.1 120 x 60 mm Blue, red and green Dragons Simtokha Dzong 20062013 November 20, 2006 None Nu.5 125 x 60 mm Yellow, brown and red Birds Paro Taktsang 200620112015 November 20, 2006 None Nu.10 125 x 65 mm Purple, dark green and yellow Jigme Singye Wangchuck; Dungkar (conch), one of the eight good luck symbols Paro Rinpung Dzong 20062013 2007 Jigme Singye Wangchuck Nu.20 130 x 65 mm Yellow and green Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Punakha Dzong 20062013 November 20, 2006 Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Nu.50 145 x 70 mm Pink, orange and green Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Trongsa Dzong 20082013 November 6, 2008 Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Nu.100 145 x 70 mm Green Jigme Singye Wangchuck; Norbu Rimpochhe, one of the seven auspicious gems Tashichho Dzong, dragons in upper corners 200620112015 2007 Jigme Singye Wangchuck Nu.500 155 x 70 mm Pink, orange and green Ugyen Wangchuck with the Raven Crown Punakha Dzong 20062011 November 20, 2006 Jigme Singye Wangchuk Nu.1000 165 x 70 mm Yellow, red and gold Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck with the Raven Crown Tashichho Dzong 20082016 November 6, 2008 Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck

Commemorative notes Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description Date of issue Date of first issue Watermark Obverse Reverse Nu.100 145 x 70 mm Orange, brown and red Mythical angel carrying the Raven Crown; national emblem; royal wedding logo consisting of khorlo (wheel) signifying royalty, circles with dhar (ceremonial scarf) signifying eternal union of thap (method) and sherab (wisdom), and the dham tshig tsangma and lotus, symbolizing purity of union; Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema Punakha Dzong (aka Pungtang Dechen Photrang Dzong, meaning “the palace of great happiness or bliss”) 2011 October 13, 2011 None Nu.100 146 x 70 mm Yellow, gold, blue, and red King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema; Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck Mountains; dragon February 5, 2016 2017 Jigme Singye Wangchuck with electrotype swirl