Оңтүстік Ирландия Сенатының тарихы және құрамы

The Senate of Southern Ireland was the upper house of the Parliament of Southern Ireland, established de jure in 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The Act stipulated that there be 64 senators, but only 39 were selected and the Senate met only twice before being dissolved: on 28 June and 13 July 1921 in the Council Room of the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction in Dublin.

The election details were given by Orders in Council on 22 April 1921, which made the Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper the electoral registrar and returning officer. Elections would use single transferable vote, except that groups electing two senators used multiple non transferable vote. Only electors of a given group could stand in that group's election, except for the county council groups. Only 39 of the 64 senators were selected or elected. The Irish Republic declared by Sinn Féin in 1919 rejected the legitimacy of the 1920 act. Sinn Féin had gained control of the county councils in the 1920 local elections. Áine Ceannt as secretary of the General Council of County Councils wrote to the Dáil Ministry asking whether to participate. Only W. T. Cosgrave favoured participation, on the basis that the republic's First Dáil had agreed to use the Southern Ireland Commons election to select the members of the Second Dáil. The Irish Congress of Trade Unions and Labour Party supported the Republic, and the Catholic hierarchy also refused to co operate. Of the incomplete membership, many had participated in the Irish Convention. Of the 39 selected, 27 took the Parliamentary Oath of Allegiance, of whom 19 attended one of the two meetings. Fifteen attended the first and twelve the second, of whom eight attended both. Of the peers and privy councillors, 19 (all bar Cloncurry, Meath, and Westmeath) signed a letter refusing to act as a Senate if the elected Commons were replaced by an appointed "Crown Colony" assembly.

+Membership of the Senate of Southern Ireland Class Name Attendance Commerce (Retail)Sir John Arnott, Bt Did not attend Of Arnotts department store Commerce (Farming)Sir Nugent Everard, Bt Both meetings Appointed Commerce (Banking)Henry Guinness Both meetings Appointed Commerce (Distilling)Andrew Jameson 1st meeting Member Appointed Commerce or Professions H. P. Glenn Both meetingsFormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. Commerce or ProfessionsGeorge O'Callaghan Westropp 2nd meeting Landowner and local government activist. Professions (Education)Sir Andrew Beattie Both meetings Commissioner of National Education. Leading Dublin Presbyterian. Professions (Education)J. W. R. Campbell 1st meeting Schoolmaster and Methodist minister. Professions (Law)Frederick F. Denning 1st meetingKing's Counsel. Professions (Law)Charles Gamble Both meetingsPresident of the Law Society of Ireland. Professions (Engineering)Sir John Griffith Did not attend, but took the oath of office Elected Professions (Medicine)Sir John William Moore 2nd meetingPhysician to the Meath Hospital and medical administrator. Professions (Medicine)Sir William TaylorBoth meetings Former President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Labour Three Representatives not selected Boycotted Seven members Bishop (Roman Catholic) Four Representatives not selected Did not attend Four members (Cashel, Ross, Raphoe, and Down & Connor). Bishop (Church of Ireland)Charles D'Arcy Did not attend Predecessor (John Crozier) was a member. Archbishop of Armagh. The see is mainly in Northern Ireland. Bishop (Church of Ireland)John Gregg 1st meeting Predecessor (John Bernard) was a member Archbishop of Dublin PeerLord Cloncurry 1st meeting PeerLord de Freyne Did not attend PeerEarl of Desart Did not attend Member The Irish Times wrote that he was kept from attending by business at the House of Lords in Westminster. The 1920 act and 1921 order made no explicit provision for this, whereas someone elected for multiple Westminster constituencies could only sit for one, creating vacancies in the others. Privy CouncillorEarl of Granard Did not attend Member Appointed Privy CouncillorSir William Goulding, 1st Bt Did not attend, but took the oath of office Member Privy CouncillorWalter MacMurrough Kavanagh 2nd meeting Member Irish Parliamentary Party MP for County Carlow 1908–10. Previously a Unionist, and chairman of Carlow County Council. Privy CouncillorSir Bryan Mahon Both meetings Appointed Privy CouncillorEarl of Westmeath Did not attend Privy CouncillorSir Thomas Stafford, Bt Did not attend Member FRCSI; Medical Commissioner of the Local Government Board for Ireland; baronet. Privy CouncillorLaurence Ambrose Waldron Resigned before the first meeting Waldron was nominated on 27 May without his knowledge; on 10 June he formally wrote to the Lord Lieutenant asking "to be relieved of the position". County councillor 14 Representatives not selected Boycotted 38 members, one per county and county borough; also several from urban district councils.

In 1922, both the Irish Republic and Southern Ireland were superseded by the Irish Free State. Some of the Southern Ireland senators were subsequently senators in the Free State Seanad (upper house), either appointed by W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council, or elected by the members of the Dáil (lower house).