⟨ɡ⟩ дауынының сипаттамасы және тілдердегі орны

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɡ⟩ in IPA

The voiced velar plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. Some languages have the voiced pre velar plosive, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical palatal plosive. Conversely, some languages have the voiced post velar plosive, which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as back as the prototypical uvular plosive.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X SAMPA symbol is g. Strictly, the IPA symbol is the so called single storey G , but the double storey G is considered an acceptable alternative. The Unicode character renders as either a single storey G or a double storey G depending on font; the character is always a single storey G, but it is generally available only in fonts with the IPA Extensions Unicode character block.

Of the six stops that would be expected from the most common pattern worldwide—that is, three places of articulation plus voicing — and are the most frequently missing, being absent in about 10% of languages that otherwise have this pattern. Absent stop is an areal feature (see also Voiceless bilabial stop). Missing , (when the language uses voicing to contrast stops) on the other hand, is widely scattered around the world, for example /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Belarusian, Dutch, Czech, or Slovak and occurs only in borrowed words in those languages. A few languages, such as Modern Standard Arabic and part of the Levantine dialects (e. g. Lebanese and Syrian), are missing both, although most Modern Arabic dialects have in their native phonemic systems as a reflex of or less commonly of
It seems that is somewhat more difficult to articulate than the other basic stops. Ian Maddieson speculates that this may be due to a physical difficulty in voicing velars: Voicing requires that air flow into the mouth cavity, and the relatively small space allowed by the position of velar consonants means that it will fill up with air quickly, making voicing difficult to maintain in for as long as it is in or This could have two effects: and might become confused, and the distinction is lost, or perhaps a never develops when a language first starts making voicing distinctions. With uvulars, where there is even less space between the glottis and tongue for airflow, the imbalance is more extreme: Voiced is much rarer than voiceless
In many Indo Aryan languages, such as Hindustani, plain [g] and aspirated [gh] are in contrastive distribution. Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Abkhaz [[Abkhaz alphabet/ažëga 'shovel' See Abkhaz phonologyAdyghe Shapsug [[Cyrillic script/gägwaĺa 'toy' Dialectal. Corresponds to in other dialects. Temirgoy [[Cyrillic script/ čëgë 'tree' Dialectal. Corresponds to in other dialects. Albanian [[Albanian alphabet 'donkey'ArabicMoroccanأݣادير/'agaadiir'Agadir' Tunisian ڨفصة‎/gafs'a 'Gafsa' is also used in Algeria Hejazi [[Arabic alphabet/gamar 'moon' Corresponds to in Classical and Modern Standard Arabic. NajdiSa'idi Yemeni [[Arabic alphabet/gääl '(he) said' Pronunciation of in San'ani dialect in the North and Center and Hadhrami in the East[[Arabic alphabet/gämäl'camel'Pronunciation of in Ta'izzi Adeni dialects in the South and Tihami in the WestEgyptian[[Arabic alphabet/raagel'man'Standard pronunciation of in Egypt and corresponds to , or in other pronunciations. Armenian Eastern [[Armenian alphabet/gandz 'treasure' Assyrian ܓܢܐ [[Syriac alphabet 'self' Used predominantly in Urban Koine. Corresponds to in Urmia, some Tyari and Jilu dialects. Azerbaijani [[Azerbaijani alphabet 'black' Basque [[Basque alphabet 'lose' Bengali গান/gan 'song' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology Bulgarian гора/gora 'forest' See Bulgarian phonology Catalan [[Catalan orthography 'glove' See Catalan phonology Chechen [[Cyrillic script/gowr 'horse' Czech [[Czech orthography 'gram' See Czech phonology Danish Standard [[Danish alphabet 'happiness' Only partially voiced; possible allophone of in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless See Danish phonology Dutch All dialects [[Dutch alphabet 'tissue' Allophone of , occurring only before voiced consonants in native words. See Dutch phonology Standard Many speakers goal 'goal' Only in loanwords. Some speakers may realize it as ~ ~ ~ (like a normal Dutch ), or as Amelands goëd 'good' English [[English orthography 'gaggle' See English phonology Filipino [[Filipino alphabet 'commotion' French [[French orthography 'earnings' See French phonology Georgian [[Georgian alphabet/guli 'heart' German [[German orthography 'lie' See Standard German phonology Greek [[Greek alphabet / [[Romanization of Greek 'donkey's bray' See Modern Greek phonology Gujarati [[Gujarati alphabet/gávu 'to sing' See Gujarati phonology Hebrew [[Hebrew alphabet/gav 'back' See Modern Hebrew phonology Hindustani [[Devanāgarī / [[nasta'liq 'song' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology Hungarian [[Hungarian orthography 'permission' See Hungarian phonology Irish [[Irish orthography 'sand' See Irish phonology Italian [[Italian alphabet 'competitions' [g] is represented by letter G when followed by vowels [a], [o] [u], while when in front of vowels [i], [e] and [ɛ], the pronunciation changes to d͡ʒ, for the phoneme [g] to appear on the vowels [i], [e] and [ɛ], the GH digraph is used. Japanese [[kanji / [[Romanization of Japanese 'overcoat' See Japanese phonology Kabardian Baslaney [[Cyrillic alphabet/ gäna 'shirt' Dialectal. Corresponds to in other dialects. Kagayanen kalag 'spirit' Khmer [[Khmer script / 'gas' See Khmer phonology Korean [[Hangul / [[Revised Romanization of Korean 'catfish' See Korean phonologyLimburgishzegke'say'Common. Example from the Weert dialect. Lithuanian garai 'steam' See Lithuanian phonology
Luxembourgish agepack 'gone about' More often voiceless See Luxembourgish phonology Macedonian [[Macedonian alphabet/grom 'thunder' See Macedonian phonology Malay [[Malay alphabet 'sack' Marathi [[Devanāgarī 'grass' See Marathi phonology Nepali [[Devanagari 'village' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology Norwegian [[Norwegian alphabet 'gold' See Norwegian phonology Odia ଗଛ/gočho 'tree' Contrasts with aspirated form. Persian گوشت/gušt 'meat' Polish [[Polish orthography 'plebs' See Polish phonology Portuguese [[Portuguese orthography 'tongue' See Portuguese phonology Punjabi ਗਾਂ/gaa'cow' Romanian[[Romanian alphabet 'thought' See Romanian phonology Russian [[Russian orthography/golova 'head' See Russian phonology Serbo Croatian [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet / [[Gaj's Latin alphabet 'guest' See Serbo Croatian phonology Slovak [[Slovak alphabet 'lymph' See Slovak phonologySlovene[[Slovene orthography'guest'See Slovene phonology Somali gaabi 'to shorten' See Somali phonologySouthern MinHokkien我/góa'I' Spanish [[Spanish orthography 'cat' See Spanish phonology Swahili [[Swahili orthography 'darkness' See Swahili phonology Swedish [[Swedish alphabet 'tasty' May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology Telugu [[Telugu script 'Floor' contrasts with aspirated form (which is articulated as breathy consonant). Turkish [[Turkish alphabet 'epidemic' See Turkish phonology Ukrainian [[Ukrainian alphabet / ganok 'porch' See Ukrainian phonologyWelshgwyn[ɡwɪn] or [ɡwɨ̞n]'white'See Welsh phonology West Frisian gasp 'buckle' (n.) See West Frisian phonologyWuShanghainese狂/guaon6[ɡuɑ̃23]'crazy'Xiang共/wong'together' Yi [[Yi script / [[Yi script 'hear' Zapotec Tilquiapan gan 'will be able' Depending on speaker and carefulness of speech, may be lenited to