Кіріспе
Канадада көлік жүйесінің шолуы
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Жалпы аумағы бойынша әлемде екінші орында тұратын Канада, табиғи ресурстарды өндіру орындары, ауыл шаруашылығы және қалалық аймақтар арасындағы үлкен қашықтықтарды қамтитын тиімді, жоғары сыйымды көп түрлі көлік жүйесіне ие болуға бағытталған. Канаданың көлік жүйесіне 1 000 000 км-ден астам жол, 10 ірі халықаралық әуежай, 300-ге жуық кішкентай әуежай, 63 000 км-ден астам жұмыс істейтін теміржол желісі және Тынық мұхиты, Атлант мұхиты және Арктика мұхиттарына, сондай-ақ Ұлы көлдерге және Сент-Лоуренс су жолына қол жеткізе алатын 300-ден астам коммерциялық порттар мен жағалаулар кіреді. 2005 жылы көлік секторы Канаданың ЖІӨ-сінің 4,2%-ын құрады, ал Канаданың кен өндіру және мұнай-газ өндіру салалары 3,7% құрады. Transport Canada федералдық юрисдикциядағы көліктің көп бөлігін, соның ішінде провинцияаралық көлікті қадағалайды және реттейді. Бұл негізінен теміржол, әуе және теңіз көлігін қамтиды. Transport Canada федералдық үкіметтің Көлік министрінің басшылығында жұмыс істейді. Канаданың Көлік қауіпсіздігі жөніндегі кеңесі (Transportation Safety Board of Canada) көлік қауіпсіздігін сақтау үшін апаттарды тергеу және қауіпсіздік бойынша ұсынымдар беруге жауапты. +ЖІӨ, көлік саласы, 2005
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Еуропалық байланыс
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Еуропалықтар келгенге дейін Канададағы аборигендер жаяу жүрген. Олар сондай-ақ каноэ, каяк, умиак және бұқа қайықтарын, қысқы маусымда қарға бату, шаңғы және керуендерді пайдаланған. Оларда дөңгелекті көлік құралдары болған жоқ, сондай-ақ иттерден үлкен жануарлары да болған жоқ. Еуропалықтар континенттің ішкі аймақтарына тереңірек енгенде каноэлерді қабылдады, осылайша Сент-Лоуренс өзені мен Гудзон шығанағынан тамақтанатын су жолдары арқылы саяхаттауға мүмкіндік алды. 19-шы ғасыр мен 20-шы ғасырдың басында көліктер өгіздерді Қызыл өзендегі өгіз арбаларына немесе жылқыны арбаға байлау арқылы жүзеге асырылды. Теңіз көлігі каноэ немесе желкенмен жүзу сияқты қол еңбегі арқылы жүзеге асырылды. Су немесе құрлықтағы саяхаттау жылдамдығы шамамен сағатта болды. Елді мекендер өзен жолдары бойында орналасқан. Ауыл шаруашылығы өнімдері тез бұзылатын, ал сауда орталықтары ауылдық жерлерде, ауылдардың маңында орналасқан және олар шамамен км қашықтықта болды. 19-шы ғасырдың соңында бу теміржолдары мен бу кемелерінің пайда болуы алыс қашықтықтағы ресурстар мен нарықтарды байланыстырды. 1936 жылдың 2 қарашасында құрылған Федералдық Көлік департаменті теміржолдарды, каналдарды, порттарды, теңіз және кеме қатынасын, азаматтық авиацияны, радио және метеорологияны қадағалады. 1938 жылғы Көлік туралы заң және түзетілген Теміржол туралы заң тасымалдаушыларды бақылау және реттеуді Канаданың Көлік комиссарлары кеңесінің қолына тапсырды. 1948 жылдың 29 желтоқсанында құрылған Көлік жөніндегі Корольдік комиссия Канаданың барлық аймақтарына көлік қызметтерін қарастырып, экономикалық немесе географиялық кемшіліктерді жоюға бағытталды. Комиссия сондай-ақ Теміржол туралы заңды қарастырып, бірыңғай, бірақ бәсекеге қабілетті жүк тасымалы тарифтерін ұсынды. 2009 жылы Канадада 20 706 616 автомобиль тіркелген, оның 96%-ы 4,5 тоннадан төмен, 2,4%-ы 4,5-15 тонна аралығындағы, ал 1,6%-ы 15 тоннадан жоғары салмақты көліктерді құрады. Бұл көліктер барлығы 333,29 миллиард шақырым жол жүрді, оның ішінде 303,6 миллиард шақырымы 4,5 тоннадан төмен, 8,3 миллиард шақырымы 4,5-15 тонна аралығындағы, ал 21,4 миллиард шақырымы 15 тоннадан жоғары салмақты көліктерге тиесілі болды. 4,5-15 тонналық жүк көліктерінің 88,9%-ы провинция ішінде, 4,9%-ы провинцияаралық, 2,8%-ы Канада мен АҚШ арасында, ал 3,4%-ы Канададан тыс жерлерде саяхаттады. 15 тоннадан жоғары салмақты жүк көліктерінің 59,1%-ы провинция ішінде, 20%-ы провинцияаралық, 13,8%-ы Канада мен АҚШ арасында, ал 7,1%-ы Канададан тыс жерлерде саяхаттады. Канада көліктері барлығы бензин мен дизельді тұтынды. Халықаралық деңгейде Канада АҚШ-тың 48 штатымен және Аляскамен жол байланысына ие. Көлік министрлігі Онтариодағы жол желісін ұстап тұрады және Канаданың Көлік туралы заңын және оған байланысты ережелерді орындау үшін Көлік министрлігінің инспекторларын пайдаланады. Нью-Брансуиктің Көлік департаменті осы провинцияда да осындай тапсырманы орындайды. Канада автомобиль жолдарына қатысты қабылданған ережелер 1971 жылғы "Моторлы көлік құралдарының қауіпсіздігі туралы" және 1990 жылғы "Жол қозғалысы туралы" заңдар болып табылады. Канаданың жол қауіпсіздігі халықаралық стандарттармен салыстырғанда орташа жақсы және халық санына шаққандағы және миллиард көлік шақырымына шаққандағы апаттар саны бойынша жақсарып келеді. Әуе көлігі
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
2005 жылы әуе көлігі көлік секторының ЖІӨ құрауға 9% үлес қосты. Канаданың ең ірі әуе тасымалдаушысы және ұлттық тасымалдаушысы Air Canada болып табылады, ол 2006 жылы 34 миллион клиентке қызмет көрсетті және 2010 жылдың сәуіріне қарай 363 ұшақпен жұмыс істейді (Air Canada Jazz ұшақтарын қоса алғанда). CHC Helicopter, әлемдегі ең ірі коммерциялық тікұшақ операторы, 142 ұшағымен екінші орында тұрады.
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Канаданың Көлік агенттігі әуе қауіпсіздігі стандарттарын сақтау үшін көлік инспекторларын жұмысқа алады және барлық әуе тасымалдаушыларының ұшақтарын мерзімік тексеруден өткізеді. Канаданың Әуе көлігі қауіпсіздігі басқармасы Канададағы әуе трафигінің қауіпсіздігіне жауапты. 1994 жылы Ұлттық әуежайлар саясаты қабылданды.
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Басты әуежайлар
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
1 800-ден астам тіркелген канадалық әуежайлардың, сертификатталған әуежайлардың, тікұшақ алаңдарының және гидроұшақтар базаларының арасында 26-сы Канаданың Ұлттық әуежайлар жүйесінде (NAS) арнайы белгіленген: бұл әр жылы 200 000 немесе одан да көп жолаушыны қабылдайтын барлық әуежайларды, сондай-ақ федералдық, провинциялық және аумақтық астаналарды қызмет көрсететін басты әуежайды қамтиды. Алайда, саясат енгізілгеннен бері тек біреуі, Икалуит әуежайы қосылды және жолаушылар саны 200 000-нан төмен болғандықтан ешбір әуежай алынбады. Канада үкіметі, үш аумақтық астаналардан басқа, осы әуежайлардың меншігін сақтайды және оларды жергілікті билік органдарына жалға береді. Келесі деңгей 64 аймақтық/жергілікті әуежайлардан тұрады, бұрын федералдық үкіметке тиесілі болған, олардың көпшілігі қазір басқа меншік иелеріне (көбінесе муниципалитеттерге) берілген. ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Overview of transportation in Canada
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Canada, the world's second largest country in total area, is dedicated to having an efficient, high capacity multimodal transportation spanning often vast distances between natural resource extraction sites, agricultural and urban areas. Canada's transportation system includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. In 2005, the transportation sector made up 4.2% of Canada's GDP, compared to 3.7% for Canada's mining and oil and gas extraction industries. Transport Canada oversees and regulates most aspects of transportation within federal jurisdiction, including interprovincial transport. This primarily includes rail, air and maritime transportation. Transport Canada is under the direction of the federal government's Minister of Transport. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is responsible for maintaining transportation safety in Canada by investigating accidents and making safety recommendations. +Gross domestic product, transport industries, 2005
European contact
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal peoples in Canada walked. They also used canoes, kayaks, umiaks and Bull Boats, in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan and sled in winter. They had no wheeled vehicles, and no animals larger than dogs. Europeans adopted canoes as they pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River and Hudson Bay. In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River ox carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail. Water or land travel speeds was approximately
Settlement was along river routes. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within Rural areas centred around villages, and they were approximately apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century. The Federal Department of Transport (established November 2, 1936) supervised railways, canals, harbours, marine and shipping, civil aviation, radio and meteorology. The Transportation Act of 1938 and the amended Railway Act, placed control and regulation of carriers in the hands of the Board of Transport commissioners for Canada. The Royal Commission on Transportation was formed December 29, 1948, to examine transportation services to all areas of Canada to eliminate economic or geographic disadvantages. The commission also reviewed the Railway Act to provide uniform yet competitive freight rates. In 2009, there were 20,706,616 road vehicles registered in Canada, of which 96% were vehicles under , 2.4% were vehicles between and 1.6% were or greater. These vehicles travelled a total of 333.29 billion kilometres, of which 303.6 billion was for vehicles under 4.5 tonnes, 8.3 billion was for vehicles between 4.5 and 15 tonnes and 21.4 billion was for vehicles over 15 tonnes. For the 4.5 to 15 tonne trucks, 88.9% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 4.9% were inter province, 2.8% were between Canada and the US and 3.4% made outside of Canada. For the trucks over 15 tonnes, 59.1% of vehicle kilometres were intra province trips, 20% inter province trips, 13.8% Canada US trips and 7.1% trips made outside of Canada. Canada's vehicles consumed a total of of gasoline and of diesel. Internationally, Canada has road links with both the lower 48 US states and Alaska. The Ministry of Transportation maintains the road network in Ontario and also employs Ministry of Transport Enforcement Officers for the purpose of administering the Canada Transportation Act and related regulations. The Department of Transportation in New Brunswick performs a similar task in that province as well. Regulations enacted in regards to Canada highways are the 1971 Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the 1990 Highway Traffic Act. The safety of Canada's roads is moderately good by international standards, and is improving both in terms of accidents per head of population and per billion vehicle kilometers. Air transport
Air transportation made up 9% of the transport sector's GDP generation in 2005. Canada's largest air carrier and its flag carrier is Air Canada, which had 34 million customers in 2006 and, as of April 2010, operates 363 aircraft (including Air Canada Jazz). CHC Helicopter, the largest commercial helicopter operator in the world, is second with 142 aircraft
The Canadian Transportation Agency employs transportation enforcement officers to maintain aircraft safety standards, and conduct periodic aircraft inspections, of all air carriers. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is charged with the responsibility for the security of air traffic within Canada. In 1994 the National Airports Policy was enacted
Principal airports
Of over 1,800 registered Canadian aerodromes, certified airports, heliports, and floatplane bases, 26 are specially designated under Canada's National Airports System (NAS): these include all airports that handle 200,000 or more passengers each year, as well as the principal airport serving each federal, provincial, and territorial capital. However, since the introduction of the policy only one, Iqaluit Airport, has been added and no airports have been removed despite dropping below 200,000 passengers. The Government of Canada, with the exception of the three territorial capitals, retains ownership of these airports and leases them to local authorities. The next tier consists of 64 regional/local airports formerly owned by the federal government, most of which have now been transferred to other owners (most often to municipalities). ||align="right"|2.0% 2 Vancouver International Airport Vancouver 26,395,820 1.8% 3 Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Montreal 20,305,106 4.5% 4 Calgary International Airport Calgary 17,957,780 3.5% 5 Edmonton International Airport Edmonton 8,151,532 1.2% 6 Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Ottawa 5,106,487 0.1% 7 Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport Winnipeg 4,484,249 0.0% 8 Halifax Stanfield International Airport Halifax 4,188,4433.0% 9 Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport Toronto − 10 Kelowna International Airport Kelowna 2,032,144 1.3%
Темір жолдар
2007 жылы Канадада жалпы жүк және жолаушылар темір жолының ұзындығы бар, оның бір бөлігі электрлендірілген. Қазіргі уақытта теміржолмен қалааралық жолаушы тасымалы өте шектеулі, бірақ жүк тасымалы теміржолмен кеңінен таралған. 2006 жылы теміржол қызметтерінен түскен жалпы кіріс 10,4 миллиард долларды құрады, оның тек 2,8%-ы жолаушылар қызметінен болды. Жыл сайын шамамен 11 миллиард доллар табыс түседі, оның 3,2%-ы жолаушылар, ал қалғаны жүк тасымалынан. Canadian National Railway және Canadian Pacific Kansas City – Канаданың екі ірі жүк теміржол компаниясы, олардың әрқайсысы Солтүстік Америкада жұмыс істейді. 2007 жылы теміржолмен 357 миллиард тонна-километр жүк тасымалданды, ал 4,33 миллион жолаушы 1,44 миллиард жолаушы-километр жол жүрді (жеңіл автокөлікпен жасалған 491 миллиард жолаушы-километрмен салыстырғанда бұл көрсеткіш өте аз). Сол жылы теміржол саласында 34 281 адам жұмыс істеді. Ұлттық жолаушылар қызметін федералды мемлекеттік корпорация Via Rail қамтамасыз етеді. Үш канад қаласында қалалық теміржол қызметі бар: Монреаль аймағында Exo, Торонто аймағында GO Transit және Ванкувер аймағында West Coast Express. Ontario Northland, Rocky Mountaineer және Algoma Central сияқты кіші теміржолдар да шалқары ауылдық аймақтарға жолаушылар пойыздарын қатынатады. Канадада стандартты өлшемдегі және USSG рельстері бар теміржолдар пайдаланылады. Сондай-ақ, Канададағы рельстердің ені туралы ақпаратты қараңыз. Канада АҚШ-тың 48 штатымен теміржол байланысына ие, бірақ Аляскамен байланысы жоқ, алайда осы бағытта желі құру ұсынылған. Басқа халықаралық теміржол байланыстары жоқ.
In 2007, Canada had a total of of freight and passenger railway, of which is electrified. While intercity passenger transportation by rail is now very limited, freight transport by rail remains common. Total revenues of rail services in 2006 was $10.4 billion, of which only 2.8% was from passenger services. In a year are usually earned about $11 billion, of which 3.2% is from passengers and the rest from freight. The Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Kansas City are Canada's two major freight railway companies, each having operations throughout North America. In 2007, 357 billion tonne kilometres of freight were transported by rail, and 4.33 million passengers travelled 1.44 billion passenger kilometres (an almost negligible amount compared to the 491 billion passenger kilometres made in light road vehicles). 34,281 people were employed by the rail industry in the same year. Nationwide passenger services are provided by the federal crown corporation Via Rail. Three Canadian cities have commuter rail services: in the Montreal area by Exo, in the Toronto area by GO Transit, and in the Vancouver area by West Coast Express. Smaller railways such as Ontario Northland, Rocky Mountaineer, and Algoma Central also run passenger trains to remote rural areas. In Canada railways are served by standard gauge, ussg, rails. See also track gauge in Canada. Canada has railway links with the lower 48 US States, but no connection with Alaska, although a line has been proposed. There are no other international rail connections.
Су жолдары
2005 жылы Канада порттарында жүк тиеу және түсіру жұмыстары жүргізілді. Ванкувер порты Канададағы ең жүйрік порт болып табылады, ол 2003 жылы Канаданың ішкі және халықаралық тасымалының 15%-ын немесе одан да көп бөлігін қамтамасыз етті. Transport Canada теңіз тіркеуге, ірі кемелердің қауіпсіздігіне және порттық пилотаж міндеттеріне қатысты реттеушілік функциялардың көп бөлігін қадағалайды. Канаданың көптеген порттық құрылыстары федералдық жауапкершіліктен басқа агенттіктерге немесе муниципалитеттерге берілу үстінде. Ішкі су жолдары, оның ішінде Сент-Лоуренс теңіз жолы бар. Transport Canada су көлігі және қауіпсіздікті реттейтін заңдар мен ережелерді сақтайды. +Канада порттарында контейнерлік тасымалдар, 2006ЖарқыншақПортПровинцияTEUsЖәшікКонтейнерленген жүк (тонна) 1ВанкуверБритандық Колумбия2,207,7301,282,80717,640,0242МонреальКвебек1,288,910794,73511,339,3163ХалифаксНова-Скотия530,722311,0654,572,0204Сент-ДжонсНьюфаундленд және Лабрадор118,00855,475512,7875Фрейзер өзеніБритандық Колумбия94,651N/A742,7836Сент-ДжонНью-Брансуик44,56624,982259,4597ТоронтоОнтарио24,58524,585292,834
In 2005, of cargo was loaded and unloaded at Canadian ports. The Port of Vancouver is the busiest port in Canada, moving or 15% of Canada's total in domestic and international shipping in 2003. Transport Canada oversees most of the regulatory functions related to marine registration, safety of large vessel, and port pilotage duties. Many of Canada's port facilities are in the process of being divested from federal responsibility to other agencies or municipalities. Inland waterways comprise , including the St. Lawrence Seaway. Transport Canada enforces acts and regulations governing water transportation and safety. +Container traffic in Canadian ports, 2006RankPortProvinceTEUsBoxesContainerized cargo (tonnes)1VancouverBritish Columbia2,207,7301,282,80717,640,0242MontrealQuebec1,288,910794,73511,3393163 HalifaxNova Scotia530,722311,0654,572,0204 St. John'sNewfoundland and Labrador118,00855,475512,7875 Fraser RiverBritish Columbia94,651N/A742,7836 Saint JohnNew Brunswick44,56624,982259,4597 TorontoOntario24,58524,585292,834
Кемежайлар мен порттар
Ұлттық порттар кеңесі 1983 жылға дейін Галифакс, Сент-Джон, Чикутими, Трой-Ривьер, Черчилль және Ванкувер порттарын басқарды. Бір кезде Канада бойынша 300-ден астам порт Көлік департаментінің бақылауында болды, бұл Көлік департаментінің тізімінде көрсетілген. Үкімет активтерді жекешелендіру бағдарламасын жүргізіп келеді, жекешелендіруден кейін Транспорт Канада ең ірі 17 кеме қабылдау порты үшін 17 Канада порттық басқармасын қадағалайды.
The National Harbours Board administered Halifax, Saint John, Chicoutimi, Trois Rivières, Churchill, and Vancouver until 1983. At one time, over 300 harbours across Canada were supervised by the Department of Transport. as indicated by a DoT list. The government maintains an active divestiture programme, and after divestiture Transport Canada oversees only 17 Canada Port Authorities for the 17 largest shipping ports.
Сауда теңізшісі
Канаданың сауда флоты 2007 жылдың соңында барлығы 173 кемеден (немесе одан көп) тұрды. 2016 жылы Канададағы мемлекеттік ұйымдардың меншігінде әртүрлі типтегі 17 852 автобус болды. Онтарио (38,8%) және Квебек (21,9%) штаттарындағы ұйымдар елдің жалпы автобус паркінің үштен екі бөлігінен астамын құрады. Қалалық муниципалитеттер барлық автобустардың 85%-дан астамына ие болды. 2016 жылы дизельді автобустар Канададағы басты автобус түрі болды (65,9%), одан кейін биодизельдік (18,1%) және гибридтік (9,4%) автобустар тұрды. Электрлік, табиғи газ және басқа автобустардың үлесі қалған 6,6%-ды құрады.
Canada's merchant marine comprised a total of 173 ships ( or over) or at the end of 2007. Government organizations across Canada owned 17,852 buses of various types in 2016. Organizations in Ontario (38.8%) and Quebec (21.9%) accounted for just over three fifths of the country's total bus fleet. Urban municipalities owned more than 85% of all buses. in 2016, diesel buses were the leading bus type in Canada (65.9%), followed by bio diesel (18.1%) and hybrid (9.4%) buses. Electric, natural gas and other buses collectively accounted for the remaining 6.6%.