Комсомольск-на-Амуре: Тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

Town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Komsomolsk on Amur is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal Amur Mainline, northeast of Khabarovsk. Population:

The future site of Komsomolsk on Amur was conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of the Yuan dynasty. It was later held by the Qing dynasty until the area was ceded to the Russian Empire in the treaty of Aigun in 1858. The village of Permskoye (Пе́рмское) was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now the Perm Krai. The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932. The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the Communist youth organization Komsomol (and after 1991, the Russian Communist Youth League), thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area. The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933. By the end of the 1940s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding. At present, Komsomolsk on Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner. The MiG 15bis and the Lisunov Li 2 were both manufactured in Komsomolsk on Amur.

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk on Amur serves as the administrative center of Komsomolsky District, As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk na Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. The city is administratively divided into 2 okrugs (previously raion), coinciding with the historical parts: Leninsky (Dzemgi) and Central. In the Soviet period, the administrative territorial division of the city was different from the present. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas. Stalinsky district included the territory of Railway Amurstali and residential community. Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the Abolition of the city of Komsomolsk on Amur, Khabarovsk Krai" on August 7, 1957 in the district division was abolished, but the decree of March 31, 1972 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the newly divided the city into two districts Central and Leninsky.

The city and its suburbs stretch for over along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to wide. Lake Khummi is located southeast of the city. The distance to Khabarovsk—the administrative center of the krai—is ; to the Pacific Ocean—about The nearest other major town is Amursk, about south. It is about 3900 mile (6276 km) east of Moscow, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway.

Komsomolsk on Amur has an extreme humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), featuring warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over over the course of the year, with a daily average of in January, compared to in July. This city has one of the coldest winter temperatures of any major city in the world with a humid continental classification; the other such city is Fairbanks, Alaska.

Komsomolsk on Amur consists of two historical parts: the center, or "city", where the main enterprise Shipyard, and the Dzemgi an area that has formed during the construction of an aircraft factory (future KnAAPO). In fact, each of the parts is a separate town, itself a single center in the city. Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40 50s (exception the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks. The "sleeping" area Dzemgi is not, as the majority of their residents work in enterprises located here.

Komsomolsk on Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the Russian Far East. It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate. The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk on Amur Aircraft Production Association, Russia's largest aircraft manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory. It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes. The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget. The first sortie of the Sukhoi Su 57 prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory.