Жапондық эноки саңыры және оның сипаттамасы

Species of edible mushroom

Flammulina filiformis is a species of edible agaric (gilled mushroom) in the family Physalacriaceae. It is widely cultivated in East Asia, and well known for its role in Japanese and Chinese cuisine. Until recently, the species was considered to be conspecific with the European Flammulina velutipes, but DNA sequencing has shown that the two are distinct.

Basidiocarps are agaricoid and grow in clusters. Individual fruit bodies are up to tall, the cap convex at first, becoming flat when expanded, up to across. The cap surface is smooth, viscid when damp, ochraceous yellow to yellow brown. The lamellae (gills) are cream to yellowish white. The stipe (stem) is smooth, pale yellow at the apex, yellow brown to dark brown towards the base, and lacking a ring. The spore print is white, the spores (under a microscope) smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid to cylindrical, c. 5 to 7 by 3 to 3.5μm. Further molecular research using a combination of different sequences has shown that F. filiformis and F. velutipes are distinct and should be recognized as separate species. enokidake (榎茸、エノキダケ) and enoki (榎、エノキ) are derived from the Japanese language. In Mandarin Chinese, the mushroom is called (jīnzhēngū, "gold needle mushroom") or 金菇 (jīngū, "gold mushroom"). In India it is called futu, in Korean, it is called paengi beoseot (팽이버섯) which means "mushroom planted near catalpa", and nấm kim châm in Vietnamese.

The fungus is found on dead wood of Betula platyphylla, Broussonetia papyrifera, Dipentodon sinicus, Neolitsea sp., Salix spp, and other broad leaved trees. Commercial production in China was estimated at 1.57 million tonnes per annum in 2010, with Japan producing an additional 140,000 tonnes per annum. The fungus can be cultivated on a range of simple, lignocellulosic substrates including sawdust, wheat straw, and paddy straw. Enokitake are typically grown in the dark, producing pallid fruitbodies having long and narrow stipes with undeveloped caps. Exposure to light results in more normal, short stiped, colored fruitbodies. but can be used for salads and other dishes.