Шатырдың тіреу қабырғалары арасындағы тесік

Floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement

A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones or other material, such as boiling water, hot sand, quicklime or boiling cooking oil, could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. A smaller version found on smaller structures is called a box machicolation.

The structures are thought to have originated as Crusader imitations of mashrabiya. 'crush', 'wound' and col 'neck'. Machicolate is only recorded in the 18th century in English, but a verb machicollāre is attested in Anglo Latin. Both the Spanish and Portuguese words denoting this structure (matacán and mata cães, respectively), are similarly composed from "matar canes" meaning roughly "killing dogs", the latter word being a slur referring to infidels. In Italy and countries which were influenced by the Italian language, such as Malta, it was known as piombatoio.

The design of a machicoulis (sometimes called drop box) originates from the Middle East, where they are usually found on defensive walls. The original Arabian design is rather small, and similar to the domestic wooden balcony known as mashrabiya. Machicolations were more common in French castles than English, where they were usually restricted to the gateway, as in the 13th century Conwy Castle. One of the first examples of machicolation that still exists in northern France is at the Château de Farcheville built in 1291 outside Paris. The origins are from Syria and the Crusaders brought their design to Europe. Machicolations were a common feature in many towers in Rhodes, which were built by the Knights Hospitallers. After the Knights were given rule over Malta, machicolations also became a common feature on rural buildings, until the 18th century. Buildings with machicolations include Cavalier Tower, Gauci Tower, the Captain's Tower, Birkirkara Tower, and Tal Wejter Tower.

Machicolation was later used for decorative effect with spaces between the corbels but without the openings, and subsequently became a characteristic of many non military buildings.