Залман Шазар: Израильдің үшінші президенті

3rd President of Israel from 1963 to 1973

Zalman Shazar (; born Shneur Zalman Rubashov; ; Шне́ер За́лмен Рубашо́в; November 24, 1889 – October 5, 1974) was an Israeli politician, author and poet. Shazar served as the third President of Israel for two terms, from 1963 to 1973.

He was born to a Hasidic family of the Chabad Lubavitch denomination in Mir, near Minsk, in the Russian Empire (today in Grodno Region, Belarus). His mother's family descended from Joel Sirkis. In his early years Shazar received a religious education. He remained involved with Chabad for the rest of his life, assisting Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe in founding the village of Kfar Chabad, and at his behest, allowed the religious community in Israel to set up their own educational system. He later corresponded with the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson, and visited him on multiple occasions. In his teenage years he became involved in the Poale Zion Movement. He worked as a translator in a Zionist publishing house. He visited Palestine in 1911 but returned to Russia to serve in the army. In 1924, after his release, he immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine, settling in Tel Aviv, and became a member of the secretariat of the Histadrut. Shazar was married to Rachel Katznelson Shazar, with whom he had one daughter. He was re elected for a second term in 1968. In 1969, Shazar sent one of 73 Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages to NASA for the historic first lunar landing. The message still rests on the lunar surface today. It states, "From the President of Israel in Jerusalem with hope for 'abundance of peace so long as the Moon endureth' (Psalms 72,7)." In 1973 he was succeeded by Ephraim Katzir.

Morning Stars, Jewish Publication Society of America: Philadelphia, 1967. Translated from the Hebrew, Kochvei boker (Tel Aviv: Am Oved Publishers, 1950; 7th edition, 1966) by Shulamith Schwartz Nardi. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 66 17828.

In 1966, Shazar was the co recipient (jointly with Israel Efrat) of the Bialik Prize for literature. Shazar's portrait appears on 200 shekel bills. Zalman Shazar Junior High School in Kfar Saba is named after him.